2022年教育生活类英语阅读理解 .pdf

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1、教育类09.12 When next year s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长 ) of Yale, wholl become Oxford s vice-chancellora position equivalent to university president in America. Hamilton is

2、nt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it s gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-leve

3、l personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America. The chief reason is that American schools dont tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state governmen

4、t, a major source of the universitys budget. “We didn t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家 ) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university pres

5、idents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity. Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government suppo

6、rt has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans. In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2

7、003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position.”Of course, fund-raising isnt the only skill outsiders offer. Th

8、e globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices. 1. What is the current trend in higher educati

9、on discussed in the passage? A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S. B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页C) American universities are enrolling more international students. D) Univer

10、sity presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising. 2. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators? A) The political correctness.B) Their ability to raise funds. C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience. 3. What

11、 do we learn about European universities from the passage? A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably. B) Their operation is under strict government supervision. C) They are strengthening their position by globalization. D) Most of their revenues come from the government. 4. Cambridge

12、 University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _. A) she was known to be good at raising money B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale C) she knew how to attract students overseas D) she had boosted Yales academic status5. In what way do top-level administrators

13、from abroad contribute to university development? A) They can enhance the universitys image.B) They will bring with them more international faculty. C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective. D) They can set up new academic disciplines. 参考译文：2009 年毕业的高中生进入牛津大学的同时，他们也会迎来一个新的面孔，安德鲁 ? 汉密

14、尔顿， 55 岁的耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津，职位相当于美国大学的校长。汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。法国、埃及、新家坡等一些国家的学校近年来纷纷从国外聘请学校的高层管理人员。像其他商业活动一样，如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。其主要原因是许多学校并不真地想从国外引进人才。例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时， 想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。“我们不会在全球范围内聘用校长”，帕特立夏?海说，该校最终聘用了布鲁斯 ?本森，69 岁的科罗拉多州商人

15、、政治活动家。他能够胜任现代大学校长的职务： 筹措资金。 筹措资金为美国大学所特有，因为美国大学的运转主要依赖捐款。 筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力。与此同时，很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。政府投入的减少，使得筹措资金成为学校管理部门的当务之急，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页于是对美国的人才求贤若渴。在过去几年里，世界各地的优秀学校都加入了这一行列。2003 年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森?理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的

16、工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。当然，这些外国管理者不仅只是筹措资金。教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作， 招收留学生。 外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。答案解析：1. 【解析】选 A。细节题。根据题干中定位答案在第二段最后两句。选项A意思与之相近，故选择 A。根据第三段末可知D项表述与原文不符。 B、C项文中均未提及。2. 【解析】选 B。语义理解题。根据题干中the chief consideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。选项B中的 raise funds表示“筹款”。答案为B选项。3. 【解析】选 D 。语义理解题。根

17、据题干European universities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，故选择D选项。而 B项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入，但却没有提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。A、C项文中均未提及。4.【解析 】 选 A。 细节题。根据题干中的 Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor，答案可定位在第五段第二句。 由此可知她有很强的筹措资金的能力， 故选 A选项。5. 【解析】选 C。语义理解题。根据题干定位在末段末句。该句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspe

18、ctive on established practices，告诉读者外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。此意与C选项的意思相近，故选C选项。Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age,for the same age,for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Althou

19、gh we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which

20、 exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In

21、that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in pubic education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their

22、 special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.All men are created equal. Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12

23、 页countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all childrenthe right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small o

24、r great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled or not -to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are

25、exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.1. In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that _.A) the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society.B) exception children are more influence

26、d by their families than normal children are. C) exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society. D) the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children.2. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that _ .

27、A) they are expected to be leaders of the society B) they might become a burden of the society C) they should fully develop their potentials D) disabled children deserve special consideration 3.This passage mainly deals with _ .A) the differences of children in their learning capabilities B) the def

28、inition of exceptional children in modern society C) the special educational programs for exceptional children D) the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 4. From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children _ .A) is now enjoying legal support B) disa

29、grees with the tradition of the country C) was clearly stated by the countrys foundersD) will exert great influence over court decisions 5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physical problems. B) The author use “All men are c

30、reated equal” to counter the school program for the exceptional children .C) Recent court decisions confirm the rights of the exceptional children to enjoy the equal rights to learn with the normal ones.D) Regular school programs fail to meet the requirements to develop the potential of exceptional

31、children .精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页参考译文：特殊儿童在某些重要方面会表现出不同于其他同龄的儿童, 对这些小孩来说，要想发展他们完全成为成人的潜能, 他们的教育就必须适应这些差异。尽管我们关注的焦点是特殊儿童的需要, 但我们也在关注他们的生活环境。当舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力是, 我们也会意识到配角和场景本身的重要性。残疾儿童所处的家庭和社会环境往往是他们成长和发展的关键。并且，在公立学校 , 我们发现了社会充分表达出了对知识、希望和恐惧的对理解，这些都会传递给下一代。任何社会的教育都是这个社

32、会的一面镜子。在那面镜子里, 我们可以看到的力量, 弱点, 希望, 偏见, 以及文化本身的中心价值。 过去三十年公共教育对特殊儿童的巨大影响表明了社会所有公民的强烈感受。排除他们的特殊条件下, 他们理应得到充分的机会发展他们的能力。对于”人生而平等“这句话我们已经听过很多次了, 但它对民主社会的教育来说仍然有着极其重要的意义。 尽管这句话被国家缔造者们用来预示法律面前人人平等 , 它也被解释为机会面前人人平等。这一概念暗示出所有儿童教育机会均等, 每个孩子都有接受学习上的帮助的权利，那些可能会限制他们能力的困难，无论大小与否都应该得到帮助。最近法庭裁决已再次确定了所有孩子都有适当的教育权，无论

33、他们残疾与否 ,并已命令公立学校采取必要的措施来提供这种教育。相应的，学校也在调整课程安排, 使教学适应特殊儿童以及那些不能充分从常规课程获利的学生。答案与解析：1. 【解析】选 A。细节题。定位于文章第二段, 作者举例说，舞台上的主角吸引了我们的注意力，但我们没有忽视配角的支持与舞台布景的衬托。下文的exceptional children 与例子中的 leading actor相对应； family 和 society 与例中的 supporting players 和 scenery 相对应，从而说明了A 项。显然，作者的举例并不能说明B、C 、D项的意思。2.【解析】选 C。细节题。根

34、据文章第三段最后一个句子：The great interestindicated the strong feelingall citizen, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. 3. 【解析】选 D。中心思想测试题。本文开头第一段概括了全文的主题思想。下文详细地阐述了家庭和社会对异常孩子的重要性，教育对所有孩子的重要性， 和所有孩子平等地受教育的法律保证。 这些细节都说明了D项。 而 B项本文未涉及，A、C项虽有涉及，但不是全文的主题思想。4. 【解析】选 A。细节题，考查考生对全文所有主要事实和细节的理解

35、。答案A的 根 据 是 第 四 段 中 间 的Recent court decisions to an appropriate education. 而 B、C 、D均在文中找不到根据，所以都不可选。5. 【解析】选 D。推断题。做这类题可以从文中找各选项的依据来逐项排除。文章首段第二句中的 to develop their full adult potential 和文章最后一句中的 to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.清楚地表明了 exceptional children 指智力超常的儿童，因此A项不

36、正确。文章的第四段对“ All men are created equal”在教育中的含义给予了具体的解精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页释，即“每个孩子具有得到帮助、学到能力极限的权利”，因此， B 项的说法是错误的。本文的宗旨是赞同学校对超常儿童与普通儿童采用不同的教学计划；法律确认的是所有孩子享有适当的教育的权利，这包括超常儿童的潜能得以最大发挥的权利，因此， C 项不对。“调整教学计划适应超常儿童的必要性”是本文的中心，这与 D项内容一致，故答案选D项。It is all very well to blam

37、e traffic congestion, the cost of petrol and the hectic pace modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another

38、 kettle of fish altogether. You might tolerate the odd road hog, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road courtesy is not only good manners, but good s

39、ense too. It takes the most levelheaded and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to retaliate when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little courtesy goes a long way towards relieving the tensions and frustrations of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgm

40、ent in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgment of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it.Contrary to general op

41、inion, young drivers (especially sports-car owners, who take pride in their driving) have better manners than their seniors. But this attitude is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any quarter. This may be a commendable trait on the battlefield but

42、is out of place on the roads.Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signal cars to overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. Their drivers couldnt be bothered to select a lower gear. Others, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged t

43、he road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps. “They manufacture them by force, using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning. ” Slanting matches and even punch-ups are quite common. It cant be long b

44、efore we hear of pistols and knives being used: we can then call our dual carriageways duel carriageways, and solve a spelling problem in the process.Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver maybe, he cant be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggre

45、ssive. 1. What does the author mean by “another kettle of fish altogether” (Para.1, sentence 3)?A) completely another awkward and difficult situationB) another net of fish put togetherC) completely another kind of situation 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页D) completely anoth

46、er kind of driver 2. The phrase “get completely out of hand” (Para. 1, last sentence) stands for _.A) get without giving it much thought completelyB) get out of order completely C) get out of control completelyD) get ready completely3. Road courtesy is good sense because _.A) it minimizes frictionB)

47、 most drivers never make acknowledgmentC) it cuts down the number of driversD) most drivers will hit you if offended4. A common example of bad manners on the roads is _A) not signaling when overtakingB) that they couldnt be bothered to select a lower gear C) preventing other vehicles from overtaking

48、D) making holes in the roads on purpose5.According to the author, discourtesy on the roads is caused primarily by _.A) too many vehicles on the roadsB) the way people have to rush around nowadaysC) the aggressiveness of most driversD) too many pedestrians walking about 参考译文：汽油的成本和繁忙的现代生活节奏都很容易造成交通堵塞

49、, 但道路礼仪却变得可悲。人人都知道最好的男性在方向盘面前也会成为怪物。再次说明， 站在坦克上或司机的座位上的老虎完全是另外一回事。你可能会容忍的蛮横的司机, 但现在有礼貌的司机却没有了。 或许这种情况下需要一种 “善待其他司机” 的活动 ,否则可能会完全失控。 道路礼依不仅是一种礼貌问题, 而且也是一种良好的意识。遭受不文明行为时，需要最明智的和宽容的司机抵制诱惑, 不去报复 , 。 另一方面 ,礼貌可以很好地缓解驾车的紧张和挫败。一个友好的点头或挥手感谢的行为对于在现代交通状况环境下创建一个友好和宽容的气氛是十分必要的。但在当今看来，这种感谢的礼貌行为太罕见了。 现在许多司机即使看见这种礼

50、貌的行为似乎也不能够识出。与普遍观点相反 , 年轻司机 ( 特别是自豪于他们的驾驶技术的跑车主人) 比他们的前辈态度更好。但这种现代驾驶态度在当今世界是很短暂的, 许多驾驶员既不期望也不提供任何契机。在战场上这可能是一个值得称赞的品质, 而不是在路上。当道路清晰时，卡车司机说 , 他们几乎已经放弃了亮信号灯的习惯, 因为许多的汽车花了太长时间才穿过这条路。司机也不愿选择一个较低的装置。超车后,其他人又慢了下来 , 占据的道路。然后, 近期的汽车杂志也吸引了越来越多从不等待缺口司机的注意。 “他们用武力来制造堵塞 , 用他们的方向指标视为一种威胁而不是一个警告。“不正当的比赛甚至打群架都很常见。