2022年高考英语重点词汇辨析—动词 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载动词部分1accuse / chargeaccuse 和 charge 都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse 不一定针对重大过失或罪行， 其结构为 accuse sb of sth 。 而 charge 一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为 charge sb with sth ，此结构还有“使某人负有责任”之意。My father accused me of my being too careless. 父亲责备我太粗心。He accused me of neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。He charged me with ne

2、glecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。Jimmy was charged with murder. 吉米被控谋杀。He was charged with an important task. 他担负有一项重要任务。2add / add to / add up / add up toadd：增加，把加上。addto ：把加到。At the end of the party, we added another program. You needn t add any water to the medicine. add to ：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。His coming

3、added to our trouble. 他的到来给我们添了麻烦。add up ：加起来。Have you added up all the numbers? add up to：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。All the numbers added up to 100. 3advise / suggestadvise ：建议，劝说。I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest) I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。 ) I advised him to give up smo

4、king. I advised him not to smoke. Could you advise us on how to learn English? Could you give us some advice on how to learn English? suggest ：建议，表明，暗示。We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise) We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。His pale face suggests that he is

5、 in poor health. 他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。4agree with / agree to / agree on agree with：同意，赞成后接“人”或what 从句作宾语；适合，适应；一致。I don t quite agree with you. Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting. The weather here doesnt agree with most of us. 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。3：Your words do not agree with your actions. 你的言行

6、不一。agree to ：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。John can t agree to Joes idea. agree on ：对达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan. 5allow / permit / let / promiseallow ：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载Who allowed you to leave th

7、e camp？Smoking is not allowed here. Please allow me to introduce myself to you. permit ：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。He declared that he would permit me to do so. allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。let ：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to 的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。Dont let this happen again. This is not allowed to happen again. 不说： This

8、is not let to happen again. promise ：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。They promised an immediate reply. He promised to start at once. I promised him to see to the matter right away. ( 我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语 I 发出的。 ) 6announce / declareannounce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。The government announced that the

9、danger was past. It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用 announce to sb sth。后接 to sb的动词还有say，explain等。He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”declare ：宣布，

10、声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。The chairman declared the exhibition open. 主席宣布展览会开幕。7answer / replyanswer：回答，回应。“Tom!” No one answered. Please answer the door-bell. 请去开门。He answered that he knew nothing about itNo one was able to answer him a wordreply ：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to 再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what 从句，或用于倒装句。H

11、e replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”He replied that he would not goNot a word did she reply她一句话也不应。answer 当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to 。He made no answer / reply to his questions. 8appear / look / seem appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes so

12、ur. 这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。seem ：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. 你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载It seems that it is going to rain soon. look ：好像。表示凭感觉做出的判断。Whats wrong with you? You look pale. It looks like rain. 看来

13、要下雨了。9argue / quarrelargue ：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：What are you arguing about？I argued with him the whole day. quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。It s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. 为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。10arrive / reach / get arrive，reach 和 get 都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at 或 in 连用，它和reach 是比较正式的用语；rea

14、ch 是及物动词；get 通常与介词 to 连用， 在口语中常用。arrive和 get 后接副词如here, there, home等时，不用介词。reach 和 arrive at还有“达成协议，做出决定”的意思。When we arrived at the station, the train had left. At five, they arrived in Beijing. The letter didnt reach me until yesterday. At what time did you get to the post office? The two sides fai

15、led to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours discussion. 几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。11ask / inquire / question ask：问 ask sb sth或 ask sth of sb；请求 ask sb to do sth；要，索取ask for sth。May I ask you some questions? Why did he ask you to come again? Did he ask for anything? inquire：问，询问。它与ask 同义，但是

16、比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。I have inquired of him whether he could help me. 我已经问过他能否帮我。We must inquire into the matter. look into，我们必须调查此事。question ：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them. I question whether he was once question

17、ed by the police. 我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。12be about to do sth / be to do sthbe about to do：即将，正要做。不加任何时间短语。We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain. be to do：计划，约定；应该。We are to start tomorrow. What is to be done next？下一步做什么？13be careful of / be careful withbe careful of：小心，当心，留神，注意。The public we

18、re warned to be careful of rats. 公众被警告要当心老鼠。be careful with：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载Youd better be careful with your work / pronunciation. 你得注意你的工作/ 发音。14be familiar with / be familiar tobe familiar with：对熟悉。Most of us are familiar with t

19、he pop star. John was very familiar with this kind of situation. be familiar to：对来说是熟悉的；为所熟知。The pop star is familiar to most of us. This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar) 15be known for / be known as / be known to be known for：因而出名。Our town is known for its stones. be

20、 known as ：作为而出名。The town is known as a stone town. be known to ：被知晓，了解。The hot spring city is known to every one of them. 16be made of (from / out of) / be made into / be made up / be made up ofbe made of ：由制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。The desk is made of wood. be made from ：由制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。Paper is made from w

21、ood. be made out of：由制成。The desk / Paper is made out of wood. be made into：制成。Wood can be made into desks / paper. be made up ：由编成。Dont believe him; the whole story was made up. 别信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。be made up of (=consist of)：由组成。This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood. 17be tired of

22、/ be tired from / be tired out be / get tired of：对厌倦。I am really tired of your words! 你的话我听腻了！be tired from：因疲倦。I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. 我爬山太累了，所以头一碰枕头/ 一躺下就睡着了。be tired out：筋疲力尽。相当于be worn out。We were tired out when we climbed o

23、ver the high mountain. 18believe / believe in / depend on believe ：相信指信某人的言语；认为相当于be sure 。Dont believe him; hes lying. 别听他的，他在说谎。I believe theyll succeed in the end. believe in：信任指胜任某人；信仰指信仰真理、主张、宗教等。Dont believe in him; hes always lying. 不可信任他，他老说谎。I believe what she said, but I dont believe in he

24、r. 我相信她所说的，但我不信任她。We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载我们得工作，最重要的是我们得信任自己。Most of them believe in God. depend on ：信任相当于believe in或 trust；依靠相当于live on；取决于。He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. 他是个可信任的人。Do y

25、ou still depend on / live on your parents? 你还靠父母吗？Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. 一切取决于明天的天气。19borrow / lend borrow ：借，借用。指借入，不带双宾语。结构：borrow sth from sb。Can I borrow your pen? He borrows money from me frequently. lend ：把借给。指借出，可带双宾。结构：lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。Could you lend me your p

26、en? Will you lend your bike to me？20bring / take / fetch / get / carry bring ：带来。Bring the book here tomorrow. take ：拿走。Dont take the magazines out of the reading-room. fetch ：去拿来。Go downstairs and fetch me some water. get ：去拿来。与fetch同义，但较口语化。She got him a good doctor. 她为他请来了一位好医生。carry ：携带。指随身携带，如捧

27、、抱、扛、运等。He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder. He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out. 他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。21build / put up / set up build ：建设，建筑。常用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也用于建设国家、城市等。如：A new bridge was built in this village last month. We are building a socialist country. put up ：建设，搭建。侧重于搭盖临时性的建

28、筑物；在现代英语中，可与build通用。还有“张贴，挂起，举起”等意思。They had to put up the tents before dark. If you have any questions, please put up (=raise) your hands. Why not put up a notice on the wall there? set up ：建设，创建。常用于创立组织、机构、团体、学校、工厂、公司等。Another night school was set up. 又一所夜校建起来了。They set up a committee to look into

29、 the matter. (他们成立了委员会来调查这件事。) 22care / mind care ：关切，忧虑，在乎。care about：在乎，关心。care for：喜欢，照顾。He failed in the exam, but he doesnt seem to care (about it). 他没能通过考试，但他似乎一点也不在乎。Tom doesnt care what they say. He cares about nothing but money. 他只在乎钱。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22

30、页学习必备欢迎下载Would you care for another drink? 想再来一杯饮料吗？The children are being well cared for (=looked after). Mind：当心，注意用于肯定句；介意，反对用于疑问句或否定句。Mind your own business. Would you mind my/me turning on the radio? 介意我打开收音机吗？23catch / catch up withcatch ：赶上。尤指赶车。He got up early in order to catch the first bus

31、. catch up with：赶上。指经过努力赶上同类水平，与keep up with同义。We must double our efforts to catch / keep up with the developed countries. 我们必须加倍努力以赶上发达国家。24catch / seize / hold / catch hold ofcatch ：抓住，捉住；赶上车。常指从空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。如：He caught the ball and shot the basket. 他抓住球，投篮。We caught lots of fish today. I got up e

32、arly so that I could catch the first bus. seize ：抓住指用力猛抓；捉拿，逮捕。It s a pity that I didnt seize the chance. Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station. hold ：握住，手持，抱着。She was holding an umbrella. At that moment I held him by the arm. 就在这一刻我抓住了他的手臂。catch hold of：抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相当于g

33、et hold of。Be sure to catch hold of the rope. 25catch fire / be on fire / cause fire / set fire to sth / set sth on firecatch fire：着火指自然着火，无被动结构。be on fire：着火指状态。 cause fire：起火引起火灾。 set fire to sth / set sth on fire：放火，指人为的纵火。The store caught fire at 5:00 this morning, and it was on fire for nearly

34、half an hour. Nobody knows what caused the fire or who set it on fire / set fire to it. 商店早上点着火，烧了近半个小时，没人知道是什么引起这场火灾或是谁放了这把火。26collect / gather gather ：收集，聚集；采摘。指把零散的东西集中到一起。宾语通常可以是人，也可以是物。She is gathering wild flowers in the field. Please gather the students for me. He wants to gather money for a

35、motorbike. 他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。collect：收集，集合。指精心地、有选择地收集；作为该意思时，其宾语只能是物。Are you fond of collecting stamps? They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas. 他们正在为贫困地区的孩子们集资。注意：作为不及物动词时，两者可以互用。We ll gather / collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow. 27compare with / compare tocompare

36、with ：把和相比。Can you compare this word with that one? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载compare to ：比喻为，把比作；把和相比。Young people are usually compared to the rising sun. 年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。Dont compare your toys to / with others all the time. 别老是把你的玩具和别人的比。compared to / with：比起来，与

37、相比。过去分词短语作状语，介词用to / with均可。Compared to / with other people, you were indeed very fortunate. 比起其他人，你算够幸运的了。28contain / includecontain ：包含全部，容纳。include ：包括部分。Senior Book One contains twelve units, including two (units) chosen from the old textbook. This atlas contains forty maps, including three of G

38、reat Britain. 这地图集含有四十幅地图，包括英国地图三幅在内。How much does this bottle contain? 这瓶能装多少？29cost / spend / pay / buy / charge / sellcost ：花费，付出代价。通常以事物做主语，即sth+ cost + (sb) + 金钱、时间、劳力或其他代价。The book cost me $10. Careless driving cost him his life. 粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。spend：花费。主语是人，可以指花金钱，也可以指花时间。spend 的用法： sb + spen

39、d +时间 + (in) + v-ing / sb + spend +金钱 ( 时间 ) + on sth。I spent $10 on the book. I spent two hours (in) finishing the composition. 比较：It took me two hours to finish the composition. pay：付款。I paid $10 for the book. buy：买。I bought the book for $10. charge ：收费。They charged me $10 for the book. 买这本书，他们收我十

40、美元。sell ：卖。They sold me the book for $10. 30cure / treat / heal cure ：治愈疾病，后常接介词of 。The new medicine cured (him of) his heart trouble. 这种新药治愈了他的心脏病。treat：治疗。强调用药物或医疗手段进行医治的过程，并不表示治疗的结果。后常接介词for 。另外还有“对待”的意思，后常接as。It was difficult to treat patients (for their diseases) because of a shortage of medici

41、ne. 由于缺少药物，所以很难给病人治疗。He treats the orphan as his own son. 他把那个孤儿当作自己的亲生儿子看待。heal ：治愈外伤。It took three months for my arm to heal properly. 31die of / die fromdie of：死于。常指由于疾病、饥饿、情感等原因而死亡。Many of them died of hunger during the voyage. The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death. 精选学习资料 -

42、- - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载die from：死于。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡，及因某种具体疾病造成的死亡。In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air. It is said that he died from / of heart attack. 32discover / invent / create discover ：发现 ( 它的对象原来就存在) 。invent ：发明

43、 (被发明的东西原来不存在) 。create ：创造。It is well known that Madame Curie discovered the element radium. As is known to all, Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. As we know, Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays. 33disturb / interrupt / troubledisturb：打扰，扰乱使无法正常进行。The loud

44、 noise disturbed his thought. interrupt：打扰；打断，中断。Sorry to interrupt you, but I have an urgent message. trouble：使麻烦，指心情上苦恼或行动上带来不便。Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 别自寻麻烦。34dress / put on / wear / have on / be in dress ：穿衣，穿着。可用作及物动词，“人”当宾语；可用作不及物动词；可用be dressed 表示穿着状况。The baby isnt o

45、ld enough to dress itself. 这孩子还小，无法自己穿衣服。He rose, dressed quickly and hurried to school. She is well dressed today. The girl was dressed in pink last night. 昨晚这女孩穿着一身粉红色的衣服。The girl dressed herself in pink last night. put on ：穿上 ( 衣服) ，上演。表示动作。Better put on your coat; its cold outside. A new play wi

46、ll be put on at the Grand Theatre. wear：穿着，佩戴。表示状态，包括穿着衣物、佩戴首饰以及留头发、胡须等。Can you recognize the woman wearing sunglasses over there? 你能认出那边那个戴太阳镜的妇女吗？I don t understand why he wears long hair now. have on ：穿。表示状态，穿着衣物，不用于进行时态；也意为“有事；有约会”。如：The foolish emperor had nothing on that day. 不说： We re having

47、on school clothes today. Sorry, I cant help you this weekend. Ive too much on already. 对不起，这周末我不能帮你，我有很多事。be in ：穿。表示状态，其后常接表示颜色或服装、眼镜的词作宾语。The boy in white is one of my classmates. He is in uniform today. 他今天穿着制服。35employ / hire / rent employ：雇用。较正式用语，指较长期雇用，宾语一般是人。Karl was employed by a car rental

48、 agency. 卡尔受雇于一家汽车出租公司。hire ：雇用，租用。较普通用语，指短期雇用、租用。The store-keeper hired 10 girls for the Christmas rush. 为应对圣诞节前的购物热，店主雇用了十个女孩来帮忙。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 22 页学习必备欢迎下载During the holiday they hired a boat and went fishing. rent ：出租。指长时间租用、出租房屋、场地等。She has rented the house

49、 to a young couple. 她已把这房子出租给一对年轻夫妇。36fall / drop fall：下落，下降；重伤死亡或倒下用作不及物动词。drop ：滴落，掉下；疲劳倒下用作不及物动词或及物动词。He suddenly fell / dropped to the ground. The price of oil has fallen / dropped by $ 2 each barrel. 油价每桶下降了两美元。Hundreds of soldiers fell in this battle. 数以百计的士兵在这次战斗中牺牲。He dropped in the chair th

50、e moment he got home. 他一到家就累倒在椅子上。37feed on / feed withfeed on ：靠为生。相当于live on。Sheep feed mainly on grass. 绵羊主要吃草。feed with：喂养。指喂养的具体动作。He is now feeding his sheep with grass. 他在用草喂羊。38fight against (with) / fight forfight against ： 与战斗 , 反对的战争， 可与 fight with互用；但 fight with 还可表示“和并肩作战”。They are maki