2022年高考英语专项冲刺单项填空 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载高考英语专项冲刺单项填空交际用语详解1Have you been wasting time on computer games again?_. Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D. I couldnt agree more解析：根据下一句“我一直在学习，我需要休息一下”可知，此处应是“我没有浪费时间玩游戏。” Not really 意思是“事实上不是、没有”，符合此处语境。No way 意思是“没门”；I dont agree 意思是“我不同意

2、” ，表示绝句对方的提议； I couldnt agree more 意思是“我非常同意”，与所提供的情景矛盾。2.Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon? Sorry, lets make it time. （2008 重庆卷）A. others B. the other C. another D. otherKey. C 本题考查交际用语。根据上下文，another time 表示 “下次，改个时间”。3 .-May I ask a question after class, Sir?- , but not during my

3、lunch break. （2008重庆卷）A. Im sorry B. Anytime C. Certainly D. Go aheadC 本题考查交际用语。根据上下文表示“当然可以，不过不能在午饭期间”。4. .-Im afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday.- （2008 重庆卷）A. Dont be afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take you timeD 本题考查交际用语。根据上下文可以看出“没有关系，不要着急；慢慢来”5.。. Would you like to join

4、us in the game?_, for I have something important to attend to. (2008 福建卷 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载A. I will B. I d love to C. I wont D. I m afraid not答案是 D。考查交际用语的用法。从答句I have something important to attend to来看，只有 D 项符合语境。 Are you all right? _.A. That s OK B.

5、 I think so C. Take it easy D. Its very kind of you答案：B。本题考查的是交际用语中so指代一个肯定的宾语从句的用法，在这里so指代 Im all right。本句的意思是： -你好吗？ -我想是这样（我想我的身体还不错）。对于这种题型， 考生在复习时应该特别注意加强对中西方文化知识的比较和了解，掌握使用地道的英语表达习惯来交流思想、传递信息。6 Shall we go out for dinner tonight?_ .(2008 浙江卷)A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds

6、great D. Have a nice time答案：C。 本题考查的是交际用语。 本题第一句 -Shall we go out for dinner tonight?实际上是一个表示建议的句子， 而不是一般的疑问，这一点必须要特别引起注意。A 项表示“你是对的” ；B 项表示“这肯定很有趣” ；C 项表示“听起来很不错” ；D 项表示“（祝你）玩得愉快”。根据四个选项可以判知，C 项可用来对前一句表示赞同。7 - Is Peter there?- _, please. I ll see if I can find him for you. (20008 江苏卷 )A.Hold up B.H

7、old on C.Hold out D. Hold offB 解析：本题考查的是打电话时的用语，Hold on”意为“别挂”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载8 Have you got any job offers?No.1 _ (2008辽宁卷 )A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am wailing. D 此题考查时态与交际用语的结合，由句意可知：目前还在等待。故用现在进行时。9 。 -My name is Jonathan. Sh

8、all I spell it for you? - _ (2008 辽宁卷)A. lf you don t mind B. Not at all C. Take it easy D. Nice to meet you情景交际用语，由语境可知，选A。10 Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? _, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. （2008卷）A. I d like to B. I like it. C. I dont D. I willA。【试题解析】从对话上文可知是

9、回答对方的请求。Id like to 与上文呼应。【高考考点】情景交际。11What fruit is in season now?Pears and apples, _ （.2008卷）A. I know B. I think C. I see D. I feel【标准答案】 B。. 【试题解析】根据对话上文可知 ,对别人提出问题的发表自己的看法应用I think(我认为)【高考考点】在交际中发表自己的看法。12Sorry, I made a mistake again. _. Practice more and you ll succeed. （.2008 卷）A. Never mind

10、B. Certainly not 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载C. Not at all D. Don t mention it【标准答案】 A。【试题解析】Certainly not 常用来回答别人问是否见意的问题； Not at all 和 Dont mention it.用于别人致谢时的答语。只有Never mind 符合语境。题意是“对不起，我又出错了。没关系，多练习，你就会成功的。”【高考考点】情景交际用语。考查别人致歉时如何安慰对方。13Say, Jane, will you co

11、me with me to the game Friday?-_, Bob, but I promised Mary Id go with her.（ 山东卷）A. My pleasure B. Thanks C. Take it easy D. Forget it. B 此题考查情景对话。对于对方的邀请表示感谢病并委婉拒绝。情景对话要从礼貌出发。 My pleasure 相当于 Its my pleasure, 用于回答对方的感谢 .Take it easy意为：别着急，慢慢来。 Forget it 意为：算了吧，别再提了，常用于回答别人的感谢和道歉。14-I have some big n

12、ews for you. You ve been accepted as a member of our club.-_ Thats great! 安徽卷A. Have I ? B. Pardon? C. Congratulations! D. Good idea!【答案与简析】 A。本题考查语言的交际功能。选项A.Have I?是 Have I been accepted as a member of our club? 的省略。在有清晰的上下文的情况下， 口语中尽量使用简洁的表达。选项B.Pardon?用于请求别人重复说过的话；选项C.Congratulations!用于祝贺别人取得的成绩

13、；选项D.Good idea!用于对别人的建议表示赞同。【解题思路】准确把握语言在真实的交际环境中使用的得体性是解决此类问题的关键。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载15. -Good evening. Huangshan Hotel.-Good evening. _? （2008安徽卷）A. Do you still have a room for tonight B. What would you like, pleaseC. Is there anything I can do for you

14、 D. Who is that speaking, please【答案与简析】 A。本题考查语言的交际功能。从题意看，对话的双方分别是旅馆的服务员和顾客。四个选项中，只有选项A 的交际功能才符合顾客的身份。【解题思路】本题题干中Huangshan Hotel是解题的关键，从中看出对话双方的身份，从而容易理解对话内容。16I think youd better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see it.- Oh, dear!（2008江西卷）A. Who cares? B. No problemC. I dont mind at all 、D.

15、 Is it as bad as that?D 本题考查情景交际。由“我想你在Mr. Smith 看到之前应该把这封信再打印一次” “哦，真的吗？”可知对方对此不以为然。 Is it as bad as that? ( 有那样糟吗？ )其中 A 项 Who care ( 谁在乎？ ) 不礼貌。2分词作主语补足语难点形成原因：1. 分不清什么是补足语。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。3. 遇到时容易和其他知识点混淆。4. 练得不多、用得不熟。解决办法：1.

16、 通过练习强化。2. 多做题 , 通过做练习，慢慢渗透。用法讲解：一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。宾语补足语 : 在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语， 即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。句型：及物动词 +宾语（n./pron.）+ 宾语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语7 种表示法）该

17、句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如：A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. （03全国卷）此句中 smoking 是主语 he 的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -

18、- -第 6 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载此句中 smoking 是宾语 him 的补足语，所以称为宾语补足语。二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语（宾语）补足语分词作主语（宾语）补足语时，若主语（宾语）与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动；如果主语（宾语）与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如：He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing. 主语 he 与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词singing 。One of the glasses was found broken. One of th

19、e glasses was broken. 主语 one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系 , 故用过去分词 broken。Don t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. （04 天津）The water is running. 宾语 the water与补足语“淌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词 running 。三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。1. 感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, not

20、ice, observe, look at ( 一感二听五看 ) 及 find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如：If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face. The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face. The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dea

21、d. The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载2表示 致使 动词 get, have，leave 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。-Good morning. Can I help you? - I d like to have the package weighed, madam. （MET89 ）3. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如 like, want, wish, order等常

22、接过去分词充当补足语。如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必须准确地告诉我们该做什么。The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快将此事做完。注意： set, start, catch常跟现在分词作宾语补足语，make常跟过去分词作宾语补足语。如：set sb thinking start sb coughing He looked around and caught a man putti

23、ng his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （04 北京春季）The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard. （NMET91 ）典例精析：1. 1 smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （2007全国 I ）A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 答案： A。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师

24、归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载解析： smell something burning“闻着什么东西在燃烧而发出糊味”强调这个动作正在进行。 burning 作宾语补足语。 something burnt “烧焦了的东西”表示一种状态。所以选A。2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ _ him. (2007上海) A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call 答案： A。解析： hear sb. doing

25、sth. 意为“听到某人在做某事”。动词+ing 表示主动，the child heard his mothers voice calling him表示“孩子听见他母亲喊他”。 hear sth. done 表示“听见某事被做了”。所以选A。3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. （2007福建）A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve 答案： A。解析： have st

26、h. done 表示“使某事被做”， have her written English improved “使她的书面英语得到提高”。动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。have sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直在做某事” 表主动。have sb. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”表主动，do前必须省略 to 。所以选 A。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载4. - Did Peter fix the computer himself? - He _, because he doe

27、snt know much about computers. (2007安徽) A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 答案： C。解析： have sth. done 表示“使某事被做或请别人做某事”，动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动。由because he doesnt know much about computers可判断出，他找别人维修了电脑。所以选C。分词作状语难点形成原因 :1. 对在句中作时间、条件、原因还是别的状语不是很清楚。2分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。解决办法：1理解 分词作状语时

28、可以转换成相应的状语从句。2分 清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。用法讲解：1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句； 表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents repor

29、ting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005上海) 分词短语作时间状语Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. (2006 福建) 分词短语作原因状语Given time (=If he is given time), hell make a fis t-class tenn

30、is player. （03北京）分词短语作条件状语We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) (2006全国 3) 分词短语作伴随状语2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：When comp

31、aring different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江）Though tired, he still continued reading. 3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词； 如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现

32、在分词。例如：When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04 湖北）分词部分相当于 When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem

33、big at all. When we compare it with the size of the whole earth. 主语与分词是主动关系 , 所以用现在分词。Faced with a bill for10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for10,000), John has taken an extra job. (2006 全国 2) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载Whenever he was asked why he was l

34、ate for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing). （2006江苏）注意：1. 现在分词有两种时态：一般式doing 和完成式 having done。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后；完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如：While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.（同时发生）Having waited in th

35、e queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04 北京）（“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”） 2. 分词的否定式的构成 : not +分词。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 难点形成原因：. 分不清什么是独立主格结构。. 分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。. 遇到时容易和其他知识点混杂。. 练得不多、用得不熟。解决办法：. 要先下功夫学会分词作状语现象， 然后再引申出分词与句子主语既无主

36、动又无被动关系现象，从而导出分词的独立主格结构。. 典型例句进行精讲精炼。用法讲解：独立主格结构与主语之间没有句法上的联系，但是与句子的意义是紧密联系在一起的。 它只能属于短语， 而不可以单独成为一个句子，是一个独立于句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载子之外，但是又能表达一个句子意思的独特的结构。它的位置比较灵活， 可以置于句首、句中、句尾，通常与句子之间用逗号隔开。其结构是： 名词/ 代词+动词不定式 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 形容词 / 副词/介词短语 / 名词， 起到逻辑主语作用的代

37、词要用主格形式，不可以用宾格。 “with+复合宾语”实际上也是独立主格结构的一种，但是此结构中的代词用宾格形式，即“with+ 宾语+宾语补足语”。独立主格结构在句中主要用来作状语，可以表示原因、方式、时间、伴随等， with+ 复合宾语结构除了可以作状语外，还可以用来作定语。以下分六种情况分别介绍：1. 名词/ 代词+动词不定式表示动作发生在主句动词动作之后或者还没有发生，构成形式是：n/ pron.+ to do sth., 如果不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，就用动词不定式的被动形式。如：The examination to be held tomorrow morning, I c

38、ouldnt go to surf the Internet tonight. 明早就要考试了，今晚我不能上网了。2. 名词/ 代词+现在分词表示动作与主句动词动作同时发生，构成形式是：n/ pron.+ doing,如果强调分词的事件发生在主句动作时间之前，通常用现在分词完成式形式来表示。如：It being a fine day, we decided to go swimming. 因为天气不错，我们决定去游泳。（表示原因）The students having done all the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text

39、. 学生做完所有练习之后，老师继续讲解课文。（表示时间）3. 名词/ 代词+过去分词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载如果所用的分词与主格名词或代词之间是动宾关系，由于独立主格中的名词或代词就是短语的逻辑主语， 因此要用过去分词， 表示过去分词与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。如：The prisoner stood there, his hands raised.（表示伴随状况）4. 名词/ 代词+非动词（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）该结构主要用来表示对句子的细节进行补充说明，主要是用来表示方式、伴随

40、、原因、时间等。如：I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这场事故中受伤了，心中充满担忧。（形容词，表伴随）We went many guests, most of them Americans. 我们会见了许多客人，他们当中大部分是美国人。（名词，表补充说明）The murderer got into the house, a sword in his hand. 凶手闯进房间，手里拿着一把剑。（介词短语，表伴随）提示：在跟介词短语时，要考虑到介词两边的名词的对等关系，即如果是“名

41、词+介词+名词”结构，当两边的名词都是可数名词单数形式时要注意：要么两边的名词都用限定词，要么都不用限定词，例如：The murderer got into the house, a sword in his hand. =The murderer got into the house, sword in hand. =The murderer got into the house , with a sword in his hand. 5. with+ 宾语+宾语补足语“with+ 名词（代词） +现在分词”表正在进行I couldn t do my homework with all th

42、at noise going on. (05 北京) “with+ 名词（代词） +过去分词”表被动精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.( NMET2004福建) “with+ 名词（代词） +动词不定式”表将来 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. （05湖南）With all thi

43、s work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out.有这么多工作要做，我不知道是否有时间出去。“with+ 名词（代词） +形容词 / 副词/ 名词/ 介词短语”表宾语的性质或状态She used to sleep with the windows open. With Mr Smith away, weve got more room.With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.(NMET2000) He left home, with his

44、 wife a hopeless soul. 他走了，妻子十分伤心。6. there be 句型的独立主格结构there be 句型比较特殊， 虽然它是一个倒装句， 主语是 be动词之后的名词形式，但是在独立主格结构中there 却占据主格的位置，即there being., 如：There being no bus, we had to go back home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，我们不得不步行回家。There being no one in the classroom, Mr. Wang wondered what was happening. 教室里一个同学都没有，王老

45、师不知道发生了什么事。典例精析：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载1. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. （2007 山东）A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 答案： B。解析：根据题干中提供的时间判断，

46、最近的spacecraft已经被发射，所以选择B。 being launched 表示“正在被发射” ； to be launched 表示“将要被发射” 。若选 has been launched ，则成了两句话There being 的用法难点形成原因：1. 不清楚此概念。2. 搞不懂何时使用。3. 没有经常总结归纳。解决办法：记住何种情况下使用there being。用法讲解：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载there be句式的非谓语形式There be 的非谓语形式有两种，即there

47、 to be 和 there being。需要掌握以下几个情况：1. 作主语当作主语时，一般是 There being 结构，当句式中有 for 时，一般用 there to be。如：There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店，真是方便极了。It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。2. 作宾语作动词宾语时，一般用there to be 结构。常见动词有： expect, mean, intend want, prefer等：We expect there to be no

48、 argument. 我们希望不会出现争吵。People dont want there to be another war. 人们不希望再有战争。作介词的宾语一般用There being句式，但当在 for 后时一般用 there to be句式。This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。3. 作状语用作状语的 there be的形式通常用 there being结构。There

49、being no buses, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们不得不走着回家。There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 21 页学习必备欢迎下载屋里没人，我们意识到哭喊是没有用的。注意： 如果句中出现 for 时应用 there to be。It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，没有公共汽

50、车了。典例精析：1. Owing to _no shipping space up to the moment, we have to require delayed shipment. A. there is B. there be C. there was D. there being 答案： D。解析： owing to 后面应该加名词 , 作介词的宾语一般用there being句式，故选 D。2. _ nothing else to do, we went home happily. A. There to be B. There be C. There was D. There b