最新复习材料幻灯片.ppt

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1、The Exam Scoring SturcurelAttendance (10%)lOpen Book Exam (90%)填空题，50%，基于课本原文或课本内容选择题，40%，基于课本内容和课堂上所讲阅读选择题或填空题，10%，英文短文或现实新闻阅读lDifficulty LevelEasy 60%,Normal 30%,Hard 10%2022-8-10London Location The Travel through EnglandlHastings Battle: 改变英国历史的经典战役，国王Harold战死，法国威廉一世即位；lBrighton：19世纪的奢华娱乐场所；lLond

2、on：全球性的大都会中心；lTown Whitby：库克船长（Caption James Cook）的海港，吸血鬼（vampire Count Dracula）的故乡;lHadrians Wall：罗马人的“长城”；lCarlisle-Settle line:蒸汽机车铁路线，工业革命的重要成就象征；lLiverpool：英帝国时期最繁忙的海港及移民入口，the Beetles的故乡；lStonehenge：史前石柱群，早期人类文明的标识；lTintagel Castle：传奇亚瑟王（King Arthur）的诞生地。a Romano-British leader who fought agai

3、nst the invading Anglo-Saxons sometime in the late 5th to early 6th centuryNational Flag of the UK National Flag of the UK (Union Flag)(Union Flag)Note: It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ir

4、eland), which are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland).Cross of St Patrickred cross of Saint GeorgeSaltire of Saint AndrewFlags of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and WalesNational AnthemGod Save the Queen如在位的是男性君主，国歌改为God Save the King The first song to be use

5、d as a national anthem; The first German national anthem used the melody, also Russia (until 1833) and Switzerland Australia (as royal anthem), Canada (often played at public events), New Zealand (one of national anthem)UK Symbols National flower：National bird：红胸鸽 (redbreast/robin)RoseThe MonarchyTh

6、e MonarchyI. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. .II. The monarch actually has no real power. The monarchs power are limited by law and Parliament. III. Magna Carta Libertatum, 1215 (the Great Charter of Freedoms) signed by King John of England ;

7、IV. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution (or Bloodless Revolution) in 1688 with overthrow of the King James II of England. Constitutional monarchiesContemporary constitutional monarchies include: lAustralia, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, The

8、Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Thailand and the United Kingdom.UK GovernmentlThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of governmentlExecutive power is exercised by the UK government, the devolved governments of Scotland and Wales, and the Executive of Northern Ireland.lLegislative p

9、ower is vested in both the government and the two chambers of Parliament, the House of Commons and the House of Lords, as well as in the Scottish parliament and Welsh and Northern Ireland assemblies.lThe judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, though several senior judges are

10、still members of the House of Lords, which is currently the highest court of the UK for civil cases and the highest court of England and Wales for criminal cases. Houses of Parliament, UKSchooling Patterns in the state sector in England * Standard Assessment Tests (SATs) towards the ends of Key Stag

11、e 2Shrewsbury Sixth Form College in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.(Lower and Upper Six(th) or Junior College)英国学位可分为学士学位(Bachelor Degree)、硕士学位(Master Degree) 和博士学位(Doctor of Philosophy)。学士学位或称第一学位，攻读学士学位课程的学生，通常需要三年时间。Higher education typically begins with a 3-year Bachelors Degree. Postgraduate d

12、egrees include Masters Degrees, either taught or by research, and Doctor of Philosophy, a research degree that usually takes at least 3 years. Universities require a Royal charter in order to issue degrees, and all but one are financed by the state with a low level of fees for students.Higher Educat

13、ionSchool HolidaysThe main summer holiday is from mid-July to early September. Children also have 2 weeks holiday at Christmas and at Easter.The school year is 39 weeks long and is divided into three terms:英国学年分为三学期制，学年由910月开始，至第二年67月结束。三学期的开学时间分别是 910月、1月和4月。UK Peoples General TraitslThe British ar

14、e said to be reserved in manners, dress and speech. They are famous for their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humor. British people have a strong sense of humor which sometimes can be hard for foreigners to understand.lContemporary middle-class cultureReserved personali

15、tyGenerous and hospitableWonderful sense of gentle humorStrict privacy (thus immigrants hard to assimilate into Britains society)British Courtesy lGood manners are important! lTable mannersSit straight, keep elbow off the table, no talking with full of food in mouthNo picking up knife and fork with

16、one handlSocial manners“Please”, “thank you”Hat off when meeting a womanUse persons titlesCommunity over individual, e.g. always queuing British Pageantry and RoyaltylPageantry (pomp) is rooted in Tradition; Golden coaches, beautiful horses, mounted cavalry in scarlet coats, “As long as there is a m

17、onarchy, all must be right with the world!”lArguments on Royal familyThe money spent on Royal familyClass Social SystemlNot the money to decides ones class in UK!Education, language patterns, regional accents, leisure activities, and even foodlUpper classRoyal familyLords, including earls, barons, a

18、nd viscountslMiddle classUpper-middle class, including doctors, lawyers, clergymen, small land owners, etc. Lower-middle class, including white collar workers and shop ownerslBottom classBlue collar workers (factory workers, mechanics and shop assistants)Education and social classlUpper- and middle-

19、 classExpensive “public” private schools, Eton or Harrow;lNormal familyFree state schoolsGrammar schools (good students) or comprehensive schools (regular students)lUniversity diplomasA LevelAssociate degreeBachelor degreeMaster degreeDoctorate degreeHealth Care System and FamilylNational Health Car

20、e (NHC) SystemlAll health care is freelWorking woman and late marriagelGrandparents not live together HousinglFlats, including semi-detached house and apartments;Expensive housing; Most people strive to buy a house of their own; lBritish are great gardeners and take great pride in their own piece of

21、 ground;Lawn and flowers, especially roses English Garden, a style of landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, presented an idealized view of natureAsymmetrical!Food in UK HomelLight BreakfastOrange juice, cold cereal, toast and coffee or tea, fried or scrambled eggs; lLu

22、nchSoup, sandwiches, sliced meat, salads and bread or rolls; lDinner Main meal;Meat, potatoes, vegetables, rice or pasta, a salad followed by cheese and crackers and fruit or ice cream for dessert; brunchA full English breakfast with scrambled eggs, sausage, black pudding, bacon, mushrooms, baked be

23、ans, hash browns, and half a tomato. often advertised as Traditional English BreakfastThe simpler continental breakfast of tea, coffee and fruit juices with croissants or pastries.A croissantFood in UK (Cont.)lAfternoon TeaBlack tea with sugar and milkThinly cut sandwiches, cakes and biscuits, scone

24、s with clotted cream and strawberry jamlScottish food is differentLarger breakfast, main meal at noon, High tea, combines tea time food and light supperFood in UK Home (Cont.)lThe big meal (formal dinning)Sunday or holidaysNuclear and extended family memberslCourses of the big mealAn appetizer (star

25、ters or snacks), soup, fish, salad, main course, dessert and cheese and crackersWinesWines in UK and USlTable winesMade of fermented grape juiceIn US, refer to “ordinary wines” as a wine style, different from Fortified wines and Sparkling wines;In UK, refer to the lowest level of wine classification

26、 (vs. the superior ). lFortified wine A distilled beverage (usually brandy) has been addedSweeter and strongerAs dessert wines in USAbout 20% alcohol by volume (ABV)lSparkling wineA wine with significant levels of carbon dioxideCelebrate holidays, milestones and achievementsChampagne (from France),

27、Prosecco and Asti (from Italy), Cava (from Spain) and domestic sparkling white wine.11% 13%lSpirits (Liquor)a distilled beverage that contains no added sugar at least 20% ABVPopular spirits include brandy, fruit brandy, gin, rum, tequila, vodka, and whisky.Restaurants and PubslBritish restaurants an

28、d foreign cuisinelPub or public houseBeer drinkingTalking and drinking after workMeet friends and play game like darts or skittlesMeals like sandwiches, soups, hot meat pies, baked potatoes, bread and cheese. UK ReligionlChurch of EnglandA protestant church created by King Henry VIII in the 16th C;D

29、o not regularly attend the church.lOther religionsRoman catholic still exists in British IslesMethodism, Jewish, Islam British HobbieslGardening lHorseback ridinglHorse Sportslthe first races to take place in Britain were organized by soldiers of the Roman Empire in Yorkshire around 200 ADHorse raci

30、nglSteeplechase (National Hunt racing)lFlat-track racing (flat racing)Polo Fox huntingA steeplechase race In the UK and Ireland the official term now used for the sport is National Hunt racing. Originated in Ireland in the 18th century The first recorded steeplechase over a prepared track with fence

31、s was run in Bedlam, North Yorkshire in 1810. Jockeys the ridersPolo is a team sport played on horseback in which the objective is to score goals against an opposing team. China, Tang DynastyA game first played in Persia/Iran at dates given from the 6th century BCFox hunting originated in the United

32、 Kingdom in the 16th centuryRed FoxAn English foxhoundMass MedialBritish Broadcasting Company (BBC)Sponsored by the national governmentRadio and television programs“BBC English”lBritish people spend much time watching TVlUsed to be a nation of readers, but now replaced by TV and computersBritish Spo

33、rtslSports clubsSoccer (Premier League ), Rugby (Super League), Tennis (Wimbledon), Lawn bowling, cricket Amateur and the gentlemen vs. professional and the playersThe sports like soccer, tennis, rugby and golf are originated in BritainlSports spiritsIn UK, “it doesnt matter if you win or lose its h

34、ow you play the game”In US, “winning isnt everything it is the only thing!”The competitive edge that is needed to play world-class sports has never been a part of the British upbringing. lOlympics Game 2012, LondonGreat Britain won a total of 47 medals and 19 gold in Olympics 2008, Beijing (the Chin

35、as numbers?)100 and 51The Championships, Wimbledon,held in late June and early July, one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments Live EntertainmentlRepertory theaterGlobe TheaterShakespeares playslSymphony orchestra lChoral societylJazz ensembleslAmateur dramatic groupslAmusing musical worksGilber

36、tSullivanlStand-up comicsNight clubs featurelFilms lEaster Good FridayEaster SundayEaster MondaylBank HolidaysBeing so called because banks are shut on these days (but not necessary in fact)A Monday at the end of MayAnd a Monday at the end of AugustlGuy Fawkss Day (Nov 5th)The guy who planned to blo

37、w up the house of Parliament in 1605 (religion conflict)Celebrate by burning self-made Guys with old clothes and stuffed with strawTar Barrel RollinglChristmas (Dec 25th)lBoxing Day (Dec 26th, 27th or 28th)The day after Christmas, but not always Dec 26A charity day in earlier time, but now becomes the biggest shopping day of the year in UKlNew Year (Jan 1st)A big celebrationFirst footing, especially observed by ScotsBritish Holidays