2022年人教版高中英语必修核心词汇讲解及训练 2.pdf

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1、第 1 页共 15 页人教必修1Unit1-Unit5核心词汇梳理Unit 1 Friendship upset, ignore, concern, settle, suffer, recover, add up, go through, set down, get along with, join in 1. upsetadj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. 使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱（计划等）sth upset sb 某事使某人心烦意乱sb upset sth 某人打/ 弄翻某物upset a plan 打乱计划be upset about / over / at sth 为某事烦心u

2、pset ones stomach 使（肠胃）不适eg: His strange behaviour upset his father. Dont upset yourself about the exam. It s upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house. 注：upset 为表语形容词，非定语形容词；其过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；现在分词形式为 upsetting。2. ignorevt. 不理睬

3、；不顾；忽视ignore sb / sth 不理睬某人/ 某事ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of / about sth 不知道某事ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的 be ignorant that不知道某事be ignorant of / about sth 不知道某事eg: He ignored all the “No Smoking ” signs and lit up a cigarette. We can t afford to ignore their advice. Hes completely ignorant ab

4、out modern technology. 3. concern n.U 关心，担忧C 关心的人或事vt. 涉及；参与；使担心，使操心It is no concern of mine / yours. concerned adj. 关心的，关切的，担忧的；焦虑的（位于名词之前）；相关的（位于名词之后）as / so far asbe concerned 就而言； 依之见be concerned about / for sth 担心 ；关心 be concerned in / with 与有关be concerned over / at sth 为某事忧虑concern oneself abo

5、ut / for 担忧；关心concerning prep. 关于；有关eg: There is growing concern about violence on television. The President is deeply concerned about this issue. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. This chapter concerns itself with the historical background. 注： concerned 用作形容词时意为“ 担忧的；

6、关心的” ； 用作后置定语时意为“ 相关的；有关的 ” 。另外concerning 用作介词时意为“ 关于；对于” 。4. settlevi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决settle down 舒适地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安静/ 平静下来settle in / into 习惯于；适应名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页共 15 页settle on 选定，决定settle up 付清账单s

7、ettled adj. 稳定的；舒适自在的settlement n.协议，定居点eg: The company has agreed to settle out of court. It s all settled were leaving on the nine o clock plane.I settled her on the sofa and put a blanket over her. 5. suffervt. 遭受，蒙受；后跟pain / defeat / loss / poverty / hunger / punishment / hardship 以及表示疾病的词。vi. 后

8、常跟介词from ，表示 “ 受折磨；受 之苦，患某种疾病” 。sufferer n. 患病者，受苦者，受难者suffering n. （肉体或精神上遭受的）痛苦，疼痛eg: Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff. He suffered a massive heart attack. The Republican Party has just suffered a huge defeat in the polls recently. 6. recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得recover fo

9、rm 康复，恢复recover oneself 恢复常态recovery n. 恢复，改善eg: Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. It took her a few minutes to recover consciousness. She has made a full recovery from her illness. 7. add up 合计addin 把 加进去；包括addon (to)附加，加上addto 在中加上add to 增加；加强（多用于抽象意义）add up to 总计；总共（不用于被动语态）in add

10、ition 另外in addition to除之外eg: The numbers add up to exactly 100. Remember to add in the cost of drinks. A service charge of 15% was added on to the bill. 8. go through经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完go after 追赶go against 违反，与 不符go ahead 先走；开始做；着手干go by 逝去，过去go off 离开；爆炸go on 继续；上场；流逝go over 检查pass through 走过；路过live

11、through 经历look through 浏览；往 里面看pull through （大病、手术后）康复eg: I always start the day by going through my e-mail. Hes amazingly cheerful considering all he s gone through. Things will get easier as time goes by. 9. set down 放下；记下；登记名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - -

12、 - - 第 2 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页共 15 页set about (doing sth) 着手（做某事）set out (to do sth) 开始，着手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顾set back （把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free 释放；解放set off 动身，出发；使爆炸set out 动身，出发；着手；安排，组织set up 开办；建立；设立set an example 树立榜样set fire to = on fire 纵火烧eg: Passengers may be set down and picked up on

13、ly at the official stops. The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks. We need to set about finding a solution. 注： set about 和 set out 都可作 “ 开始着手做某事”讲，但 set about 后加 doing sth ，而 set out 后加 to do sth。10. get along with 与相处；进展get along with sb 同某人相处get along with sth 某事进展/ 进行get

14、about / around （消息）传开get across 讲清楚；（使）被领会get away from离开；脱身get back 收回，找回get down 记下来；使悲伤get down to 认真做，开始着手做get in 到达；收割get on上车/ 船 / 飞机；继续进行；相处get over克服；摆脱get rid of消灭，摆脱，除掉get through（电话）接通；用完；通过get together 聚会，联欢eg: Shes never really got on well with her sister. I m not getting on very fast w

15、ith this job. It s time I got down to thinking about that essay. Your meaning didnt really get across. 11. join in 参加；加入join up 入伍，参军join up with (sb) （与某人）联合，会合join hands (with sb)（与某人）拉起手；合伙，联合辨析join / join in / take part in / attend / participate ：1join表示 “ 加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等，如 join the Party / You

16、th League / army / club /organization 。2join in表示 “ 参加正在进行的活动” ，如 join in a game / discussion / conversation / walk。亦可说： join sb in (doing) sth 。3take part in 表示 “ 参加会议、活动” ，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词，如 take (an active) part in a party / school activities / physical labour。4attend 表示 “ 出席或参加

17、会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，上课，上学，听报告” ，如 attend a meeting / a sports meeting / a concert / a show / school / a lecture 。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页共 15 页5participate为正式用语，和介词in 连用，表示积极地参与。eg: She listens but she never joins i

18、n. Our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing. How many countries took part in the 29thOlympic Games in Beijing? Our children attend the same school. Unit 2 English around the worldnative, base, command, request, recognize, block, because of, come up, such as, play a role / part in, 1. native

19、 adj. 本国的；本地的；天赋的n. 本地人；本国人be native to 原产于某地的，土生土长的be a native of 土生土长的本地人go native 入乡随俗，同化native art / dance / peoples 土著艺术、舞蹈/ 民族native wit / intelligence 与生俱来的机智/ 才智eg: The tiger is native to India. He is a native of Beijing. You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the native

20、s. 2. base vt. 以为根据n. 基部；基地；基础base sth on / upon sth 以为基础（或根据）base sb / sth / oneself in 以为据点（或总部等），把（总部等）设在the base of a column / glass / pyramid 柱基/ 玻璃杯底/ 金字塔底座a military / naval base 军事/ 海军基地based adj. （以某事）为基础/ 根据的baseless adj.无根据的；无缘无故的basement n.地下室eg: What are you basing this theory on? They

21、decided to base the new company in New York. The town is an ideal base for touring the area. 3. commandn. C 命令，指令U 掌握vt. 命令，指挥，支配；博得；赢得at sb s command 听某人指挥under one s command由指挥under the command of sb 在指挥之下have (a) command of 掌握；精通（尤指语言）take command of 控制(be) in command of 掌握，控制command sb to do sth

22、 命令某人做某事command that (should) do命令eg: The police arrived and took command of the situation. Applicants will be expected to have (a) command of English. The commission intervened and commanded that work on the building cease. 注： command 后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是should + 动词原形或省略should。4. requestn

23、.&vt.请求；要求名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页共 15 页make (a) request fo r 请求；要求 at sb s request = at the request of sb应某人之要求by request (of) 照需要；依照请求；应邀on request 一经要求request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事request that sb (should) do

24、sth 请求request sth from / of sb 向某人请求某物It is requested that据要求 eg: He was there at the request of his manager. She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision. You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant. 常用虚拟语气的动词口诀：一坚持 insist；二命令order， command； 三建议 advise， suggest， propose；四要求 ask，d

25、emand，request，require。5. recognizevt.辨认出；承认recognize sb / sth by / from根据 认出某人/ 某事（物）be recognized to be / as 被认作 被认为是 It is recognized that人们公认 recognition n.认识；认出out of / beyond recognition 认不出来eg: Drugs were not recognized to be / as a serious problem then. It was recognized that this solution co

26、uld only be temporary. The book is now recognized as a classic. 6. blockn. 大块；大楼；街区；一批，一组v.阻塞，挡住a block of ice / concrete / stone 一大块冰/ 混凝土 / 石头a tower block 高层建筑an office block 办公大楼a block of shares 一大宗股份block off 封锁，堵住block out 挡住，遮住block up 塞住，封住block from 阻止 做eg: His apartment is three blocks aw

27、ay from the police station. The main roads of the city have been blocked off. The fallen trees blocked us from going into the flooded area. 注 ： 表 示 “ 阻 止 做 ”的 动 词 有 ： block ; (from) / prevent ; (from)/ stop ; (from) / ban ; (from)/ keepfrom 7. because of因为；由于because of 是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词； because是连词，

28、后跟从句。辨析 because of / owing to / due to / on account of / thanks to ：这五个短语都有“ 由于、因为 ” 的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。1because of 意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中一般作状语。2owing to 与 because of 一样，也强调因果关系，作表语或状语。3due to 引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表语、状语。作状语时与owing to 同义，但 due to 一般不置于句首。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

29、 - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页共 15 页4on account of 与 because of，owing to 同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语。5thanks to 只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“ 幸亏 ” ，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻中的 “ 感谢 ” ） 。eg: Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury. The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain. The tea

30、ms success was largely due to her efforts. It was a great success thanks to a lot of hard work. 8. come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出； （太阳、月亮等）升起come up with 想出；提出come about 发生come across 穿过 (路、桥 )；偶遇；偶然发现(=come upon) come along 一道来；一起去；进步；赶快come back 回来；记起come on (风、雨等 )到来； (演员 )出场；赶快；得了吧come out 出版；出来，出现；结果是

31、come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到eg: The daffodils are just beginning to come up. The subject came up in conversation. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 注： come up 含有 “ 被提出 ” 之意，以物作主语，此时不用被动语态；而 come up with 意为 “ 提出，想出 ” ，其主语是人。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting. 9. such

32、as例如；像这种的辨析 such as / for example / that is / and so on：1such as 用来列举事物。通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意思是“ 比如；诸如 之类的 ” ，也与 like 互换， as后面不能有逗号。2for example起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例子，可位于句首、句中或句末，意思是“ 例如 ；举个例子” 。3that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely，意思是 “ 即，也就是说 ” 。4and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用

33、and so on 进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“ 等” 。eg: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for example, Physics. We discussed everything when to go, what to see and so on. 10. play a role / part in在中担任角色；在中起作用play an impor

34、tant role / part in 在方面起重要作用名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页共 15 页play the role of sb = play / act the part of sb （在剧中）扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要（带头）作用eg: Clowns play an important role in a circus. She plays an a

35、ctive part in local politics. The media play a major role in influencing people s opinions.11. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. 1more than + 数词，表示“ 超过，多于 ” 。2more than + 名词，表示“ 不仅是，不只是” 。3more than + 形容词/ 副词，表示 “ 非常，十分” ，与 very 同义。4more

36、than 之后接含有can 的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。5morethan 意为 “ 与其 不如 ；是 而不是” ，表示自身的比较。6no more than = only 意为 “ 只有，仅仅 ” ；not more than 常用于数词之前，意为“ 至多，不超过 ” ，其意义相当于at（the）most。eg: There is room for no more than three cars. She was far more intelligent than her sister. I m more than ha

37、ppy to take you there in my car. It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident. Unit 3 Travel Journal prefer, persuade, determine, view, change one s mind, give in, no matter how 1. prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）prefer sth 更喜欢 prefer (sb) to do sth 更喜欢（某人）做prefer that 更喜欢that

38、从句中常用(should+动词原形 ) prefer sth / doingto sth / doing与相比更喜欢；宁愿 ，不愿 prefer to dorather than do宁可 也不 preference n.偏爱；爱好；喜爱give preference to sb / sth 给以优惠；优待in preference to sb / sth 而不是eg: I prefer playing in defense. I would prefer that you (should) not mention my name. He prefers to stay at home rat

39、her than go shopping. She was chosen in preference to her sister as a volunteer of the Beijing Olympic Games. 注： 在 prefer to 结构中， to 后接动词原形；在prefer to 结构和 preference 构成的短语中to 都为介词。2. persuadevt. 劝说；说服persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb ou

40、t of doing sth 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页共 15 页说服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth (= advise sb to do sth) 尽力劝说某人做某事（但未劝服）persuade sb of sth 使某人相信 persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念辨析 advise / pers

41、uade ：advise 表示 “ 劝告 ” 的动作，不看结果，而persuade强调 “ 已经说服 ” ；advise 既可接动词的-ing 形式作宾语，也可接that 引导的宾语从句（必须用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形） ，而 persuade 不能。eg: Try to persuade him to come. I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition. I am still not fully persuaded of the plan s advantage. 注： You can advi

42、se him but you may not persuade him. 3. determinevt.&vi.决定；确定； （使）下定决心determine + n. / pron. 决（确）定determine to do sth 决定做某事（表示动作，非延续性动词短语）determine on / upon决定determine that / what决定determine sb to do sth 使某人决定做某事determine sb against sth 使某人决定不做某事be determined to do sth 决心做某事（表示状态可与表示时间段的状语连用）determ

43、ined adj.坚决的，有决心的determination n. 决心eg: We determined to leave at once. His advice determined me to delay no more. I am determined to find out who is responsible for this. 注 ： determine to do sth在 词 义 上 等 于be determined to do sth 。但前者强调动作，后者强调状态。类似的短语还有：prepare for / be prepared for ， worry about /

44、be worried about 。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。4. viewn.风景；视野；观点；见解vt.观看；注视；考虑in ones view 在某人看来come into view 进入视野，看得见in full view (of sb / sth) 完全看得见in view of sth 鉴于，考虑到，由于with a view to sth / to doing sth 为了，指望eg: We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere. How do you view your position in the comp

45、any? In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing. 5. change one s mind 改变主意make up ones mind 下决心，决定bear / keepin mind 记住have in mind 考虑；打算call / bring sth to mind 回忆起某事fix ones mind upon 把注意力集中在be of one / the same mind 对意见一致名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - -

46、 - - - - 第 8 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页共 15 页be out of ones mind 发狂，发疯eg: Have you made up your minds where to go for your honeymoon? She couldnt call to mind where she had seen him before. He will bear the beautiful girl in mind forever. 6. give in屈服；投降；让步；上交give in to sb 对某人让步give away 赠送；泄露

47、；出卖give back 归还give off 放出；散发出（液体、气体、气味、能量、热量、光、声音）give out 分发；用完，筋疲力尽give up 放弃；停止；认输；把送交give over 移交give way to 给让路；对让步eg: The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers demands.He gave away most of his money to charity. After a month their food supplies gave out. 7. When I tol

48、d her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 1在 “ 主语+ 系动词+ 形容词+ 不定式 ” 结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：a. 不定式作状语修饰作表语的形容词；b. 不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。2不定式作定语时，当在句子中能找到不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，这时不定式可用主动形式表示被动含义。eg: It s a difficult que

49、stion to answer. Tom is easy to please. Harry Potter is interesting to read. 8. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. no matter how 引导让步状语从句，意为“ 无论多么 ” ，how 后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于 however + 形容词/ 副词。疑问词 -ever 和 no matter + 疑问词1whatever，whichever ，whoever，whomever 可以引导

50、让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what / which / who / whom，位置可以在主句前或后。2wherever，whenever，however 常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no matter where / when / how，可以防在主句前或后。3however引导让步状语从句常与倒装结合起来。这时， however 起双重作用，一是引导让步状语从句，二是修饰某一个形容词或副词，而这个形容词或副词要紧接在它之后。eg: Whoever says that is a liar. （主语从句）Wherever she goes