最新IT专业英语UNIT4 How To Write A Technical Report(共27张PPT课件).pptx

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1、UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report UNIT4 How To Write A Technical Report 4-1 Sample Feasibility Study4-2 Words & Expressions4-3 Reading Material4-4 Exercises 第一页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 第二页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 第三页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technica

2、l Report 4-1 Sample Feasibility Study A feasibility study is an analysis of a problem to determine if it can be solved effectively given the budgetary, operational, technical and schedule constraints in place. The results of the feasibility study determine which, if any, of a number of feasible solu

3、tions will be developed in the design phase. The aim of the feasibility study is to identify the best solution under the circumstances by identifying the effects of this solution on the organization. 第四页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report Within the system development cycle the feasibility

4、 study is under taken after the problem has been defined and analyzed, but before undertaking detailed design of a solution. Defining the problem has quantified the needs, the objectives and the boundaries of the problem. This, to some extent, identifies the constraints. 第五页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Writ

5、e A Technical Report The system analyst usually undertakes the feasibility study. Sometimes, CTO or project manager may play the role of system analyst.Based on analysis of the problem, presented in the Requirement Definition Report or User Requirement Document, the report writer uses his or her und

6、erstanding of software design and development to describe and evaluate a feasible solution to the problem. Commonly a number of feasible solutions are described and evaluated. These are presented to management as alternatives or options in a Feasibility Report to allow management to select the best

7、solution. 第六页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report These are three types of feasibility report:1The first type studies a situation (for example, a problem or opportunity) and a plan for doing something about it and then determines whether that plan is “feasible”which means determining whethe

8、r it is technologically possible and practical (in terms of current technology, economics, social needs, and so on). This type of feasibility report answers the questions “Should we implement Plan X?” by stating “yes”, ”no”, but more often “maybe”. Not only does it give a recommendation, it also pro

9、vides the data and the reasoning behind that recommendation. 第七页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 2The second type starts from a stated need, a selection of choices, or both and then recommends one, some, or none. For example, a company might be looking into grammer-checking software and

10、 want a recommendation on which product is the best. As the report writer on this project, you could study the market for this type of application and recommend one particular product, a couple of products (differing perhaps in their strengths and their weaknesses), or none (maybe none of them is an

11、y good). This type answers the question “Which option should we choose?”(or in some cases “Which are the best options?”) by recommending Product B, or maybe both Product B and C, or none of the products.第八页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 3The third type provides an option or judgement

12、rather than a yes-no-maybe answer or a recommendation. It provides a studied opinion on the value or worth of something. This type of feasibility report compares a thing to a set of requirements or criteria and determines how well it meets those requirements. (And of course there may be a recommenda

13、tioncontinue the project, abandon it, change it, or other possibilities.) 第九页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 4-2 Words & Expressions feasibility n. 可行性；可能性；现实性 heading n. 标题，题名；信头 adage n. 谚语，格言 streamline vt. 把做成流线型；使现代化；组织；使简单化 jot vt. 匆忙(cngmng)记下；略记；摘要记载下来第十页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Wr

14、ite A Technical Report 4-3 Reading Material How To Write A Good Technical ReportA good technical report is concise and well organized. All kinds of businesses require technical reports. Many companies evaluate the effectiveness of everything from new business models to computer code using technical

15、reports. Reports can also document the feasibility of a project or recommend one product over another. The difference between an average report and a good report is often simply organization: present the information in a clear and engaging format and your information will be easier to find and use.

16、第十一页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report Organize your report1. Create an outline, complete with headings. Your report should have an introduction, body of evidence, and conclusion. By identifying your headings early on, you can ensure that your information flows logically. 第十二页，共二十七页。UNIT

17、4 How To Write A Technical Report 2. Write your introduction. You should let your reader know right away what to expect from the report. Highlight the research methods and resources you used and state your findings. Describe the reports organization, so the reader can skip straight to a specific sec

18、tion if needed. 第十三页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 3. Develop your evidence. The body of your report will give the reader all of the information he needs to decide, evaluate, or assess a business problem. Keep your language clear and concise. The next section discusses techniques for

19、communicating the content of your report.4. Use the conclusion to remind your reader what the problem was and how your evidence addresses it. Your report may identify a solution or propose next steps. Cite any resources you used. 第十四页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report Present your evidenc

20、e1. Use first hand information wherever possible. If you are evaluating two products, use information from the manufacturers themselves or reviews from users within your own organization. If your report is a progress report, talk directly to the people performing the work. This will minimize misinfo

21、rmation and give your report credibility.第十五页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 2. Use charts and visuals when possible and appropriate. They say a picture is worth a thousand words and nowhere is this adage more useful than in a technical report. Complex information and relationships bet

22、ween items or events are often more easily understood when they are presented visually. 第十六页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 3. Use appendices for related information. This will streamline your report. Each appendix should contain a single piece of information, for example, a string of

23、computer code, a single products specifications or individual test results.4. Edit out extraneous text. Your report should not contain anecdotes or personal observations unless they relate directly to the report contents. 第十七页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report How to Write a Project Manag

24、ement Technical ReportWriting a good and thorough project management technical report may be easy for someone who knows what they are doing, but for someone who is new to it, it may seem somewhat daunting. There are a few tricks to generating a good and precise report. 第十八页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write

25、 A Technical Report 1. Use a pen and paper to jot down some notes regarding the project you are managing. Write down (or tape record, if that is easier for you) Key Points about the project. Use your notes to put together an outline of the project. Create a heading for each section and use bulleted

26、or numbered lists for points. Summarize and keep paragraphs to a minimum length. Identify topics that are relevant to your report.第十九页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 2. Include a statement of purpose for the report. This should be a description of the goals and objectives associated wi

27、th the project and its specific management tasks. (This will be different from the introduction, which should briefly summarize the format of the report.) List goals and how they were achieved, and any tasks yet to be completed. Name specific individuals who served key roles in the project. Briefly

28、describe how achievement of the goals should help the team or organization to accomplish its mission.第二十页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 3. Use relevant statistics and charts throughout the report, making sure that their placement makes sense. Fill in any other information that backs u

29、p the statistics or explains what they are for. Use statistics and charts to help explain or describe Key Points, such as management steps throughout the project and how those steps helped to improve productivity.第二十一页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 4. Create a summary of Key Points. A

30、fter youve paragraphed and reported all important information throughout the report, go back to the beginning and add in an introduction or an opening statement that explains what the report is about. The report may need to be completed first before this description or statement is added. Summarize

31、all Key Points and information in the beginning, like a table of contents in a book, so that individuals reading the report will know where to look for specific information. 第二十二页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 5. Finalize and refine the report. Type all information into a word process

32、ing document, saving as you go. Add numbers to the pages, so that its easier to find information someone is particularly looking for. Put all headings in bold. Read through the report, making sure everything has proper punctuation and that it makes sense to the reader (this may be accomplished by re

33、ading it out loud to hear if the information flows). Have someone with good proofreading skills review it and then make any final revisions. 第二十三页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 4-4 Exercises I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text.1A feasibility study is an analys

34、is of a problem to determine if it can be solved effectively given the _ in place. 第二十四页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report 2The aim of the feasibility study is to _ under the circumstances by identifying the effects of this solution on the organization.3The difference between an average r

35、eport and a good report is often _: present the information in a clear and engaging format and your information will be easier to find and use.第二十五页，共二十七页。UNIT 4 How To Write A Technical Report II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa.可行性报告(bogo)，用户需求文档，CTO，progress report，word processing documentIII. Think of an idea you would like to see implemented on your campus or on you job. Write a short feasibility report, persuading your audiece that your idea is worthwhile.第二十六页，共二十七页。内容(nirng)总结UNIT4 How To Write A Technical Report第二十七页，共二十七页。