中考复习——定语从句.ppt

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1、定语从句讲解练习定语从句讲解练习概 念什么是定语从句：什么是定语从句： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，修饰的名词或代词叫先行一名词或代词，修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。词。 e.g. Do you know the man （who came to see Xiaowang this morning? ）名 词定语从句先行词= e.g. There is somebody here (who wants to speak to you. ) 这里有人要和你说话。这里有人要和你

2、说话。 代词定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由关系代关系代词或关系副词词或关系副词 引导，关系词放在它们中间。引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose关系副词：关系副词：when, where, whye.g.1. He is a man we should all learn from. 他是一个我们都应当学习的人他是一个我们都应当学习的人 2. I still remember the day I first came to 定语从句的翻译。定语从句的翻译。 要要 点：点：注注 意：意：用用 法：

3、法：1 . 定语从句修饰人，用定语从句修饰人，用who that，（，（who和和that一般可互换，有时可省去）一般可互换，有时可省去） 如人如人后有介词，则必须用后有介词，则必须用whom .e.g. The people (whothat) you were talking to were Japanese. Is she the girl that sells flowers?He is a man that you can safely depend on. 他是一个你能依靠的人。他是一个你能依靠的人。The girl to whom I spoken is my cousin.Th

4、e girl whothat I spoken to is my cousin.区别相似关系词区别相似关系词由由who，whom和和whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 who在从句中作主语，在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作在从句中作宾语，宾语， whose在从句中作定语。在从句中作定语。e.g.1. This is the thief who stole my bike. 这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。 2. He is the boy whom you wanted to find. 他就是你想要找的那个男孩。他就是你想要找的那个男孩。 3. The girl w

5、hose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. 妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。 2 . 修饰物用修饰物用which that.e.g. The train whichthat has just is for xian. The pen thatwhich you gave me is very nice. This is the question that weve had so much discussion about. This is the question about which weve

6、had so much discussion 用用 法：法：3. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.4. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has

7、 been pulled down.5. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.判断关系代词与关系副词判断关系代词与关系副词重点重点关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose

8、）；）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状语）原因状语） 。判断改错：判断改错：This is the mountain village where I visited last year.This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year .I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. Ill never forget the d

9、ays （which） I spent in the countryside.巩固练习巩固练习1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. thatC. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the oneDA解释：解释：1: this museum作主语，作主语，the one代替主语作先代替主语作先行词，且作宾语，省去行词，且作宾语，省去which. 2: the

10、 museum作状语。作状语。 判断改错（用横线表示出错误并改正。）判断改错（用横线表示出错误并改正。）1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the city.改改1：where改成改成which，因为，因为the mountain village作宾语。作宾语。2： when改成改成which，因为，因为the days作宾语。作宾语。介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介

11、词宾语时从句常由介词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous.注注 意意(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(3) Well go

12、to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 只能用只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况作为定语从句的关系代词的情况A ) 在在there be 句型中，只用句型中，只用that，不用，不用which。 B ) 在不定代词，如：在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时

13、，等作先行词时，只用只用that，不用，不用which C ) 先行词有先行词有the only, the same, the very, all, any, no , much 等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用that。 强强 调：调：D ) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用级时，只用that E ) 先行词既有人，又有物时。先行词既有人，又有物时。F )当主句以当主句以who、which开头时，用开头时，用that避免重复。避免重复。 All_ glitters is not gold.I realize that there is very litt

14、le_ I can offer him.The only thing_ matters is to find our way home.This is the very good film_ I have seen.Look at the man and his donkey_ are corssing the bridge. Who is the student _ you often say. thatthatthatthatthatthat不用不用that的情况的情况 a) 引导非限定性定语从句时引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：。例如： （错）（错）The tree, that is fo

15、ur hundred years old, is very famous here. 改正：改正：that改为改为which. b) 介词后不能用。介词后不能用。例如：例如： We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。我们依赖土地获得食物。做做 到到 精精 益益 求求 精精We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词和关系词常用逗非限制性定语

16、从句的先行词和关系词常用逗号隔开，且不能用号隔开，且不能用that引导。引导。e.g. 1、She had eight children, three of whom lived to grow up.2、Smoking, which is a bad habit,is very popular.勇攀高峰强化训练勇攀高峰强化训练1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other da

17、y? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. that B.

18、 where C. in which D. in that 6. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 7. The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 8. I like the second football match _ was held last week.

19、A. which B. who C. that D. / 9. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what10. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which . 11.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which