初中英语语法——数词详解与练习.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除初中英语语法之数词目录数词1详解1一、基数词（cardinal number）11、位置22、巧记23、注意事项2二、序数词（ordinal number）3三、整数的表示方法4四、分数、小数和百分数表示法5五、约数表示法6六、倍数的表达6专项练习8详解数词（num.）：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序和等级的数词叫序数词。数词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等成分。一、基数词（cardinal number）1）基数词表示数量的多少。2）基数词写法和读法： 345three

2、hundred and forty-five； 3）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如scores of people 指许多人； b. 在一些表示一排或一组的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示几十岁:dozens of ages；in my thirties.d. 表示年代，用 in the 数词复数； in the 1990s 20世纪90年代e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is /are fif

3、teen. 部分基数词 0 zero,1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen,16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy,80 eighty, 90 ninety,100 a

4、hundred, 1000 a thousand, 1000000 a million（百万）, 1000000000 a billion(十亿). 基数词0-12 是独立单词,需逐个记忆。 基数词13-19是个位数词的词干后加-teen 构成。其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, 变化不规则。 基数词20-90 是在十位数词后面加 -ty 构成。 基数词21-99 是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成,中间加上连字符 。 例如: 21 twenty one 95 ninety five 基数词三位以上的数词, 在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词and 。 例如: 132 o

5、ne hundred and thirty two. 1340 one thousand three hundred and forty . 表示万的词英语中没有。如1万可用10千来表示： ten thousand. 30万表示：three hundred thousand 1、位置（1）位于another,all之后，如：Can you have another two cakes? 你还能吃2块蛋糕吗？ The boy lost all the five pencils last week.这孩子上周把5枝铅笔全丢了。 （2）位于such和more之前，如：I can finish rea

6、ding two such books in two days.两天里我能读完这样的两本书。Please give me one more apple to eat.请再给我一个苹果吃。 （3）可置于last,next,other之前或之后，如：His last two books are written in English.他的后两本书是用英语写的。 2、巧记基数词不难记，找清规律很容易，十二以内词名异； 十三数到十九数去，后加-teen莫忘记。 二十、三十至九十，整十之后有-ty； 要说“几十几”，中间“-”号别丢弃；hundred是“一百”，请你记住莫大意。 3、注意事项（1）十位数于

7、个位数之间通常用连字符号“-”，一百以上的数词通常在百位与十位之间加and，没有十位数时百位数与个位数之间通常也要加and，例如 231 two hundred and thirty-one，509 five hundred and nine,1465 a/one thousand,four hundred and sixty-five （2）用阿拉伯数字书写千以上的数目时，要由右向左每三位数间由一个空格。第一个空格前为thousand；第二个空格前为million；第三个空格前为thousand million（英）或billion（美）。 英语中没有万，十万，千万，亿这样的单位数词，故每两

8、个空格间的三位数都被看作“十位数或百位数的千”或“十位数或百位数的百万”。例如 56 000 fifty-six thousand 600 000 000 six hundred million （3）dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，不加-s。例如 a few hundred meters 几百米 several million people 数百万人 two thousand teachers 两千位老师，但如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时，则应用-s of构成短语。如：hundreds of

9、books 几百本书 thousands of workers 几千个工人 （4）表示一百，一千，一百万时需加上one或不定代词a。如：1000 a thousand 1031 a thousand and thirty-one 1100 one thousand ,one hundred 1498 one thousand,four hundred and ninety-eight 比较数字的开头多用不定代词a（见前两例），但在一个有百位数的数目前或在一个数目中间，则要用one（见后两例）。52，368读作：fifty-two thousand, three hundred and sixt

10、y-eight.4、基数词表计量。基数词表计量大于1时，它所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如: two bottles of water (两瓶水); three boxes of apples(三箱苹果)。5、基数词表番号（编号）。编号的事物如果数字较大，一般用基数词表达，且放在编号的事物名词之后。如：No.102 Middle School （102中学）；Room 206 （206房间） 如果编号的事物数字不大，用序数词表达，但它应放在编号名词之前。如：the first lesson (第一课) 6、含基数词的复合形容词。“基数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词作定语时，其中的名词用单数

11、形式。如：two-week holiday 两周的假 ； an eighteen-metre-wide street 一条18米宽的街道 但注意它与名词所有格形式作定语的区别。如：How far is it from your home to your school? Its about ten minutes walk. 从你家到到学校多远？大约十分钟路程。7、基数词与“多少又一半”的表达。“多少又一半”的表达有种方法：一种是“数词+n.(单数或复数)+and a half”；另一种是“数词+and a half +n.复数”。如：“两个半月”可译为：two months and a hal

12、f或two and a half months 8）、基数词表时刻。英语时刻表达法有两种：1）是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数：2）是先说分钟数，后说钟点数，中间要用past或to连接。即：130分钟（含30分钟）用“分钟数+past+钟点数”；3159分钟用“（60-分钟数）+to +下一个钟点数”。如：4:20 four twenty或 twenty past four5:45 five fifteen或 fifteen to six或 a quarter to six二、序数词（ordinal number）序数词表示排列的顺序和等级。序数词的缩写形式： first-1stsecon

13、d-2ndthirty-first-31st 1.first (1st) 2. second (2nd) 3. third (3rd) 4.fourth (4th) 5.fifth (5th) 6.sixth (6th) 7. seventh (7th) 8. eighth (8th) 9. ninth (9th) 10. tenth (10th) 11. eleventh (11th) 12. twelfth (12th) 13. thirteenth (13th) 14. fourteenth (14th) 15.fifteen fifteenth (15th) 16.sixteen si

14、xteenth (16th) 17.seventeen seventeenth (17th) 18.eighteen eighteenth (18th) 19.nineteen nineteenth (19th) 20.twenty twentieth (20th) 21.twenty-one twenty-first (21st) 22.twenty-two twenty-second (22nd) 30.thirty thirtieth(30th) 40.forty fortieth (40th) 50.fifty fiftieth (50th) 60.sixty sixtieth (60

15、th) 70.seventy seventieth (70th) 80.eighty eightieth (80th) 90.ninety ninetieth (90th) 100.a/one hundred one-hundredth (100th) 101.one hundred and one one hundred and first (101st) 1000.a/one thousand one thousandth (1000th) 1,000,000.a/one million one millionth (1,000,000th) 除了first, second, third以

16、及和它们一起组成的高位序数词以外，序数词的构成方法是在相应的基数词之后加-th，但要注意fifth, eighth, twelfth等不规则拼法。twenty, thirty等在变为序数词时，要把y变成i, 再加-eth。 序数词在句子中的应用1)作定语The first time I came to China, I liked it very much. 第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家.2)作主语The first is always better than the second. 第一总是比第二好.3)作宾语She will choose the third. 她将选择第三个.4)作

17、表语Mary is the first to complete the test paper in her class. 玛丽是班上第一个完成试卷的人.5)作状语She always comes first. 她总是第一个到.三、整数的表示方法 1表示二十以上的十位数，要在个位数与十位数之间加连字符号。表示百位数，要在百位数与十位数之间(无十位数，则在百位数和个位数之间)加and。在美国英语中，and往往省去。如： 68 sixty-eight 156 one/a hundred (and) fifty-six 602 six hundred (and) two 2.书写千位数以上的阿拉伯数字

18、，从后往前每隔三位用一分节号，如： 1,000 = one/a thousand 10,000 = ten thousand 100,000 = one/a hundred thousand 1,000,000 = one/a million 在一些科技文章中，千位以上的数不使用分节号，而用一个空白字符表示分节，如：56 112 482。 3hundred, thousand, million等词前面有具体数字或several修饰时，不加-s。如： The magazine has two million readers. 不与数词或several连用，可以复数形式出现，表示“数以百计”、“成

19、千上万”等。如： Mr. Smith has donated (捐赠) hundreds of books to the school. (数以百计) 四、分数、小数和百分数表示法1.分数的分子以基数词表示，分母以序数词表示，当分子大于1时，序数词要用复数， 其写法与读法如下： 1/2 a/one half 1/3 a/one third 1/4 a/one fourth; a/one quarter 2/5 two fifths 2.小数是以基数词加小数点表示，小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读，小数点后面的数按个位基数词依次读出。如： 0.5 zero point five 0.006 zer

20、o point zero zero six 0.257 zero point two five seven 148.06 a/one hundred and forty-eight point zero six 其中zero可替换为naught或读作也可读作字母O。 3百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成，百分号(%)读作percent。如： 0.6% zero point six percent 5% five percent 500% five hundred percent100% one hundred percent 12.34% twelve point three four per

21、cent4. 小数表示法 (1) 小数的读法 小数点左边的数通常按基数词读，若为三位以上的数，也可按编码式读法读出，即将数字单个读出；小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。如： 6.86 six point eight six 14.15 fourteen point one five 345.456 three four five point four five six 或three hundred and fortyfive point four five six (2) 小数中“0”的读法 “0”在小数中通常读作nought（英）或zero（美），也可读作字母O。如： 0.08 （no

22、ught）point nought eight 或 （zero）point zero eight 9.07 nine point o seven 5. 倍数表示法1.) 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 2.) 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。 3.) 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than The gr

23、ain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 4.) 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 6. 加减乘除式的读法 6+5=11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven. 11-6=5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from elev

24、en is five. 45=20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty. 204=5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five. a b a is more than b. a b a is less than b. 7. 分数表示法 (1) 较小分数的一般读写方法。如： 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 3/5 three-fifths (2) 较复杂分数的简明读写方法。如 22/9 twenty-tw

25、o over nine a/b a over b 或 a divided by b 43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven (3) 整数与分数之间须用and连接。如： four and a half nine and two fifths (4) 分数用作前置定语时，分母要用单数形式。注意下列写法与读法。如： a one-third mile1/3英里 a three-quarter majority3/4的多数 8.年代表示法 20世纪80年代 1980-1989 inthe 1980s五、约数表示法（1） 表示“大约、接近”，常用nearly, about,

26、 some, almost, around 等。about 700 people大约700 人 some fifty years ago 大约50年前（2） 表示“左右”用or so In the past five years or so 在过去五年左右的时间里（3）“少于”用less than Less than 30 years old 不到30岁（4）“多于”用 more than , over More than a year ago 一年多以前 over 70 years ago 70多岁了 六、倍数的表达(一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词times。如：5倍f

27、ive times)。倍数的表示法 1. 表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+ the size（length, amount width age height.）”结构组成。如： The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon. 2. 表示“比大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+ than +被比较部分”结构组成。如： This box is three times bigger than that one. 3. 表示“是倍”，由“倍数+ as +形容词+ as +被比较部分”结构组成。如： Our factory is t

28、wice as big as theirs. 【精品文档】第 16 页专项练习1( ) 1 There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-fiveD. three hundred and sixty five( ) 2 There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six

29、 C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2( ) 1 _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of( ) 2 There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of( ) 3 Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million peo

30、ple B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people( ) 4 _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of( ) 5 Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thou

31、sands of star3( ) 1 My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one( ) 2 We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six( ) 3 Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the pa

32、ge two C. second page D. page second4( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and

33、 forty-five( ) 2 The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine5( ) 1 He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth( ) 2 Every day he beg

34、ins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten( ) 3 He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning6( ) 1 He began to work there_. A. on his fifty B.

35、 at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties( ) 2 They moved to Beijing _A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980s( ) 3 We all like the boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten( ) 4 She was _ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C

36、. of D、 in7( ) 1 There are_ months in a year. December is the _month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth( ) 2 During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty( ) 3 Sunday is

37、 the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was _.A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninthB. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth8( ) 1 -Whats the date today

38、?-It is_.A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th( ) 2 Jenny was bornA. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday9 ( ) 1 Ab

39、out_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth( ) 2 _ of the students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three( ) 3 _ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. A. T

40、hree quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth10( ) 1 Tom is_ in the row.A. a second B. the second C. two D. second( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing_ song in English.A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second( ) 3 Now let me have_.A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. thi

41、s third try参考答案：1. 1-2 C C 2. 1-5 D A B A C 3. 1-3 B D A 4. 1- 2 C B5. 1-3 B A A 6. 1-4 D C A D7. 1-5 B B B B C 8. 1-3 D A B9. 1-3 B C A 10. 1-5 B B B ( ) 21 There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and

42、sixty five( ) 22 There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-sixD. eight hundred forty-six( ) 23. _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of( )24. There are two_ people in th

43、e meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of( ) 25. Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people( ) 26. _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D.

44、 Two thousand of( ) 27.Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star( )28. My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one( )29.We are going to learn_ this term.

45、A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six( ) 30.Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second ( ) 31. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five( ) 32 The year 1999 should be rea