四六级阅读分类词汇.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除文化类（40个）1. discrepancy n. 差异a difference between two or more things that should be the same2. misconception n. 误解a belief or an idea that is not based on correct information ,or that is not understood by people3. discrimination n. 区别，歧视 the practice of treating sb. or a parti

2、cular group in society less fairly than others4. hierarchy n. 等级制度a system especially in a society or an organization, in which people are or organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest5. patriot n. 爱国者a person who loves their country and who is ready to defend it against an

3、 enemy6. compatriot n. 同胞a person who was born in, or is a citizen of ,the same country as sb. else 7. vernacular n. 本国的 本地话，本国话the language or dialect that is most widely spoken by ordinary people in a region or country8. immigration n. 移入the process of coming to live permanently in a country that

4、is not your own9. permeate n. 渗透，弥漫(liquid, gas, etc) to spread to every part of an object or a place10. entrepreneur n. 企业家 a person who makes money by starting or running businesses ,especially when this involves taking financial risks11. practitioner n. 开业者，从业者a person who works in a profession ,

5、especially medicine or law.12. anecdote n. 轶事 amusing account of something that has happened13. notoriety n. 恶名 becoming well-known for something bad14. counterpart n. 对应人，对等物another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.15. subordinate n. 下级someone who has a l

6、ess important position than you in the organization that you both work for.16. tactics n. 战术，技巧the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy 17. punctual adj. 准时的，守时的acting or arriving or performed exactly at the time appointed 18. harass n. 骚扰

7、annoy continually or chronically19. redundancy n. 冗余，冗员the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded 20. downsize n. 裁员 the practice of redesigning a vehicle to retain the interior volume, and often the nameplate and styling of a larger car to a smaller, more efficient platform21. ballot n. 投票 the

8、 system of voting in writing and usually in secret; the piece of paper on which sb. marks who they are voting for 22. impartial adj. 不偏不倚的not supporting one person or group more than another23. lobby a. n.大堂a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait b. v. 游说

9、to try to influence a politician or the government and for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law24. equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡a state of balance , especially between opposing forces or influences; a calm state of mind and a balance of emotions25. questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷a written

10、list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers26. quantitative adj. 定量的 connected with the amount or a number of sth. rather than with how good it is27. contingency n. 偶然性，偶然事件an event that may or may not happen28. incur v. 招致to suffer

11、 the unpleasant results of a situation that you have caused29. ethical adj. 伦理的，符合伦理的 connected with beliefs of what is right or wrong30. dubious adj. 疑惑的，可疑的not certain and slightly suspicious about sth.31. manifestation n. 显示,证明 the act of appearing as a sign that sth. exists or is happening 32. v

12、ogue n. 时尚 a fashion for sth.33. bizarre adj. 奇异的，古怪的 very strange or unusual34. mediocre adj. 平庸的 (disapproving)not very good; of only average standard 35. dietitian n. 营养学家 a person whose job is to advise people on what kind of food they should eat to healthy36. connoisseur n. 行家 鉴赏家 an expert on

13、matters involving the judgment of beauty, quality or skill in art , food or music37. homogeneous adj. 由相同事物（或人）组成的； consisting of things or people that同种类的 are all the same or all of the same type38. mainstream n. 主流思想 主流群体 the ideas and opinions that are thought to be normal because they are shared

14、 by most people; the people whose ideas and opinions are most accepted39. dialect n. 方言 the form of a language that is spoken in one area with grammar, words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language40. quantitative adj. 定量的 connected with the amount or a number o

15、f sth. rather than with how good it is生物/生理类（40个）41. molecule adj. 分子 (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound 42. protein n. 蛋白质any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells43. enzyme n. 酶proteins that are

16、 produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions44. catalyst n. 催化剂(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected45. chlorophyll n. 叶绿素a green substance in plants which enables them to use the energy from sunlight in o

17、rder to grow46. photosynthesis n. 光合作用the process by which a green plant turns water and carbon dioxide into food when the plant is exposed to light47. botany n. 植物学a branch of science that deals with plant life 48. flora n. 植物群 all the plant life in a particular region or period49. fauna n. 动物群 all

18、 the animal life in a particular region or period50. bacterium n. 细菌 any one of a group of very small living things that often cause disease51. fungus n. 真菌 a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores52. organism n. 机体，组织a living thing that has

19、 (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently53. arthropod n. 节肢动物invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin 54. reptile n. 爬行动物 a group of cold-blooded animals which have skins covered with small hard plates called scales and lay eggs

20、55. amphibian n. 两栖动物 animals such as frogs and toads that can live both on land and in water56. mammal n. 哺乳动物 any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair57. primate n. 灵长目动物a member of the group of mammals which includes humans, monkeys, and apes 58. evolution n. 进化

21、a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage 59. anthropoid n. 类人猿any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids60. gene n. 基因 (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain61. genetics n. 遗传学the branch of biology

22、 that studies heredity and variation in organisms62. helix n. 螺旋，螺旋状物a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle63. identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的exactly alike; incapable of being perceived as different64. mutation n. 突变 any event that changes genetic st

23、ructure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism65. predator n. 捕食者an animal that kills and eats other animals66. embryo n.胚胎 an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development67. hibernate n. 冬眠spend the winter in a state like a deep

24、 sleep68. torpid adj. 麻木的，蛰伏的 in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation69. cerebral adj. (大)脑的relating to the brain70. hemisphere n. 半球 one half of the brain; one half of the earth71. cortex n. 脑皮层the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal72. somati

25、c adj. 躯体的affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit73. limb n. 四肢one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper74. anatomy n. 解剖，剖析the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals75. paralyze n. 使瘫痪m

26、ake powerless and unable to function76. artery n. 动脉a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body77. gland n. 腺体any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream78. hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素the secretion of an end

27、ocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect79. cholesterol n. 胆固醇 an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues80. fade v. 凋谢，褪色gradually become paler; gradually cease to be visible教育类（40个）81.

28、 accommodation n.(膳宿)供应somewhere to live or stay, often also providing food or other services82. lodging n.寄宿(处) temporary accommodation83. lease v. 出租to use or let sb. use sth., especially property or equipment, in exchange for rent or a regular payment 84. tenant n. 房客，佃户someone who pays rent for

29、the place they live in, or for land or buildings that they use.85. landlord n.房东a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc. 86. dormitory n.寝室a room for several people to sleep in, especially in a school or other institutions 87. reciprocal a.相互的，互惠的agreement involves two

30、 people or groups who do the same thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way.88. flat a.平的，瘪的,n.公寓having a level surface, not curved or sloping ; not containing enough air, usually because of a hole ; a set of rooms for living in, including a kitchen, usually on one floor of

31、a building 89. utensil n.器皿tools or objects that you use in order to help you to cook or to do other tasks in your home. 90. stationery n.文具paper, envelopes, and other materials or equipment used for writing91. laundry n. 洗衣，洗衣店the process or the job of washing clothes, sheets, etc. ; a business or

32、place where you send sheets, clothes, etc. to be washed 92. cafeteria n.自助餐厅a restaurant where you choose and pay for your meal at a counter and carry it to a table. Cafeterias are often found in factories, colleges, hospitals, etc. 93. cater v. 满足(需要) to provide food and drinks for a social event 9

33、4. amateur n. 业余爱好者；业余运动员; a person who takes part in a sport or other activity生手；外行 for enjoyment, not as a job ; (usually disapproving) a person who is not skilled 95. excursion n.远足a short journey made for pleasure, especially one that has been organized for a group of people 96. commonwealth n.共

34、和国，联邦an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and most of the countries that used to be part of the British Empire 97. illiterate a.文盲 不识字的not knowing how to read or write 98. discipline n. 学科，纪律the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the c

35、ontrolled behavior or situation that results from this training ; an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university 99. terminology n.术语 a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline100. faculty n.（高等院校的）系，院 ; 全体教师 a department or group of

36、 related departments in a college or university ; all the teachers of a particular university or college 101.dean n .教堂主任牧师；系主任;院长；教务长a senior official at a college or university102.curriculum n.1.(一个学校,专业,或学科的)全部课程;2.(取得毕业资格等的)必修课程the subjects that students study at a particular school or college10

37、3.syllabus n.教学大纲、课程大纲； a list of the topics, books, etc. that students should study课程提纲；课程纲要 in a particular subject at school or college104.calendar n.日历；历法；日程表；挂历 a set of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year105. compulsory adj.强制的；义务的；强迫的；必修的something that is compulsory

38、 must be done because of a rule or law106.recruit v.吸收（新成员）；征募（新兵）；组建 to get someone to work in a company or join an organization; to get someone to join the military107.prestige n.声望；威望；威信 the high reputation and respect that someone or something has earned, based on their impressive achievements,

39、quality, etc.108.esteem n.尊重；敬重；好评 a feeling of admiration and respect for someone109.aptitude n.天赋；天资；天生的才能；资质；能力倾向natural ability that makes it easy for you to do something well110. matriculation n.录取入学；入学礼；(大学)入学考试 the act or process of matriculating at a college or university111.vocation n.职业，使命

40、；神召，天命the particular occupation for which you are trained112.abbreviation n.省略，缩写，简化，缩写词a shortened form of a word or phrase113.scholarship n.奖学金；学术；学识financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit114.tutorial n.个人辅导的；教程，辅导材料；使用说明书a session of intensive tuition given by a tutor t

41、o an individual or to a small number of students adj.家庭教师的；指导教师的；辅导的；监护人的of or relating to tutors or tutoring;115assignment n.分给，分配；任务，工作，（课外）作业a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces);116.dissertation n.专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting

42、 from research117.credential n.外交使节所递的国书，信任状；文凭a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts118.alumni n.（男）校友，（男）毕业生；校友a person who has received a degree from a( alumnus的名词复数 ) school (high school or college or university)119.overestimate v.对（数量）估计过高，对作过高的评价；，对估计过高make too high an estim

43、ate of120.caliber n.口径；能力；水准a degree or grade of excellence or worth环境类（40个）121. conservation n. 保存，保持；保护an occurrence of improvement by virtue of preventing loss or injury or other change122. acid n. 酸；迷幻药 adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的being sour to the taste123.carbon n. 化学 碳；碳棒；复写纸an abundant nonmetallic tetrav

44、alent element occurring in three allotropic forms124.ozone n. 化学 臭氧；新鲜的空气a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water125.radiation n. 辐射；发光；放射物energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles126.greenhouse n. 温室a building with glass walls and roof; for the c

45、ultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled conditions127.solar adj. 太阳的；日光的；利用太阳光的； relating to or derived from the sun 与太阳相关的 or utilizing the energies of the sun128.phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才a remarkable development129.catastrophe n. 大灾难；大祸；惨败an event resulting in great loss and misfortun

46、e130. deterioration n. 恶化；退化；堕落a symptom of reduced quality or strength131. extinction n. 消失；消灭；废止no longer in existence132. endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的；有生命危险的in imminent danger of extinction133. drought n. 干旱；缺乏a shortage of rainfall134. recurrent adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的recurring again and again135.inundate

47、vt. 淹没；泛滥；浸水；（洪水般的）扑来fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid136.desertification n. （土壤）荒漠化；沙漠化the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land137. barren adj. 贫瘠的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的providing no shelter or sustenance138.

48、 attributable adj. 可归于的；可归属的capable of being attributed139. deforestation n. 采伐森林；森林开伐the state of being clear of trees140. log vi. 伐木 vt. 切；伐木；航行a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches141. vegetation n. 植物，植被all the plant life in a particular region or period142.habitat n. 栖息地the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives