疑问句大全.doc
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1、精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除疑问句(questions)指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。(一)一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述一般疑问句(general questions),也可称为“yes/no” questions(是否型问句),因为它一般是由yes或no回答的,如:Can you swim to the other side? 你能游到对岸吗?Yes, I can.是的,我能。No,I cant.不,我不能。Have you locked the door?你锁门了吗?Yes,I hav
2、e.是的,锁了。No,I havent. 不,没有锁。2一般疑问句的结构(1)基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调,如:Are they your friends?他们是你的朋友吗?Does he go to school on foot?他是步行去上学吗?Will you be free tonight?你今晚有空吗?Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?(2)陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调,如:Somebody is with you?有人和你一起吗?He didnt finish the
3、work?他没有做完活吗?You are fresh from America,I suppose?我猜,你刚从美国回来吧?3、一般疑问句的答语(1)一般疑问句一般由yes或no来回答,如:Are you tired?你累了吗?Yes,I am.是的,累了。No, Im not.不,不累。Does she do the cleaning?她扫除了吗?Yes ,she does.是的,她打扫了。No,she doesnt.不,她没打扫。(2)回答一般疑问句除了用yes或no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,of course,all right,with pleas
4、ure等代替yes,用never,not at all等代替no,如:Can you help me?你能帮个忙吗?Certainly.当然。Could you please make less noise?你可以小声一点吗?All right,sir.好的,先生。Have you been there?你到过那里吗?Never.从来没有。4、一般疑问句的否定式(1)一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+not,如:Do you not/Dont you believe me? 你不相信我?Believe me?你不相信我?
5、Is it not / Isnt it a lovely day? 天气难道不好吗? Are you not / Arent you coming?你不来吗? Will you not /Wont you sit down? 你不坐会儿吗? Is he not / Isnt he a doctor? 他不是医生吗?Does Helen not /Doesnt Helen like chocolate? 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗?Will he not /Wont he go with you?他不和你一块儿去吗?(2)否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的
6、语气更强烈些。1)否定疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如:Havent you read the newspaper?你没读过这份报纸呀?Wont he come?他不来了?2)否定疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如:Shouldnt we start now?我们现在是不是该动身了?Wasnt it an interesting film?那部电影是不是很有趣?3)否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如:Wouldnt you like to go with me?你不想和我一块儿去吗?Wont you have a cup of coffee?你不喝杯咖啡吗?(3)否定的一般疑问
7、句的答语中,yes的含义为“不”,no的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定结构,no后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如:Are you not Mr Smith?你不是史密斯先生吗?Yes,Iam.不,我是。No,I am not.是的,我不是。Havent you read this book before? 你从前没有读过这本书吗?Yes,I have.不,我读过。No,I havent.是的,我没有。Dontyou play chess?你不下棋吗?Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。No,I dont.是的,我不下棋。教你一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,
8、如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用no。(二)特殊疑问句1、特殊疑问句概述特殊疑问句(special questions),也可称为“wh”-questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when,which,whose,why这类词开头,如:Who is it on the phone?谁来的电话?How many oranges can you see in the picture?你能在图画上看到多少个橘子?Where did you last see it?你最后一次看到这东西时是在什么地方呢?What did you eat yesterday?你昨天吃了些
9、什么?How do you usually go to school?你通常是怎么去学校的呢?2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法(1)它的结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),如:What can be done about it?对此能做些什么呢?Which are yours?哪些是你的?Who would like to come for a game of football?谁愿意来踢场足球呀?What did you say?你说什么?Why didnt you tell me?你为什么没有告诉我?(2)特殊疑问句有时可有一个
10、以上的疑问词,如:Which present did you give to whom?你把哪件礼物给了人啦?When and where did you meet?你们何时在何地相遇的?(3)特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如:By whom is the book written?此书是谁写的?Since when have you lived here?你从什么时候起住在这里的?(4)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同,如:Who is in the room?谁在房间里?(5)“why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如:Why don
11、t you come earlier?你为什么不早些来呢?Why not go skiing?为何不去滑雪呢?3、特殊疑问词特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词(1)疑问代词疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,which,what,whose。它们没有性和数的变化,除了who外也没有格的变化。疑问代词意义作用例句who谁作主语, 用来指人Who is the girl under the tree? Who is not here? Whom谁 作宾语,用来指人Whom are you writing to? Whom do you want to see? Whose谁的用来指
12、所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词Whose pen is this? Whose are those shoes? Which哪个,哪些用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which girls will be in the sports meeting? Which hat is lilys ? WhatWhat通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What is in the teachers room? (2)疑问副词疑问副词包括when,where,why,how及how与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词。疑问副
13、词意义用法例句when何时询问时间When will she return?Where何地询问地点Where do you come from? Why为什么询问原因Why are you late for school?How如何询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school? How old多大询问年龄How old is Jims little brother? How much/many多少询问数量How many friends do you have? How far多远询问距离How far is it from your home
14、to school?How long多长、多久询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing? How often多长时间一次询问频率How often do you go to see your grandparents? How soon多久询问时间How soon will you come back?4、特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用yes或no。在回答时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子。问句简略答语整句答语Who has borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车?Jac
15、k. 杰克。Jack has borrowed your bike.When did he borrow my bike?他什么时候借了我的自行车?This morning. 今天早晨。He borrowed your bike this morning.Where is he?他现在在何处?At the office. 在办公室。He is at the office.What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?Working. 工作He is working.Whose bike is this?这辆自行车是谁的?Mr. Smiths. 史密斯先生的。Its Mr. S
16、miths bike.(三)选择疑问句1、选择疑问句概述选择疑问句(alternative questions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如:Will you go there by bus or by train?你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿?What would you like,coffee or tea?你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?How many pens do you have ,one or two?你有几枝钢笔,一枝还是两枝?2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句Is it
17、right or wrong?是对还是错?Were you or he there?是你还是他在那儿?Are they reading,chatting or watching television?他们是在看书、聊天,还是在看电视?Do you want to go there by land or by air?你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿?3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句Which do you like better,coffee or milk?你更喜欢喝什么,咖啡还是牛奶?What colour is it,red,blue or yellow?它是什么颜色,红的,蓝的,还是黄的?Wh
18、ere are you going,to the classroom or to the library?你要去哪儿,教室还是图书馆?How shall we go,by sea or by land?我们怎么去,走水路还是陆路?4、or not构成的选择疑问句Do you want to buy it or not?你是想买它还是不想买?Are you ready or not?你准备好了还是没有准备好?5、选择疑问句的答非所问语选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用yes或no,如:Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你乘公交车还是骑自行车去
19、上班?By bus.乘公交车。Which would you like, tea or coffee?你要茶还是咖啡?Coffee.咖啡6、or连接的选择疑问句并列部分可以是多种句子成分(1)表语,如:Are you an Englishman or an American?你是英国人还是美国人?Im from England.我是英国人。(2)状语,如:Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow?代表团今天到还是明天到?Today,I think.我想是今天到。(3)宾语,如:Would you like coffee or tea? 你要咖啡还
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