定语从句知识结构图解.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 定语从句知识结构图解 概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 指人的先行词 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词 替代前面的先行词 （替代作用） 关系词的作用 连接主句和定语从句 （连接作用） 在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） 定语从句“三

2、要素” 关系词: 引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类 关系代词：在从句中做 主,宾，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why) 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句的分类 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is

3、a beautiful city with a long history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)从 He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)句 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语关系代词的省略 He is no lo

4、nger the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)限定性定语从句 关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较: Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用which且不能省略） 以疑问词who开头的句子中 定语从句几个难点 Who is the man that is shouting there? 关系代词在从句中作表语时 用t

5、hat的情况 She is not the girl that she used to be. 先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for.先行词是人 that/who的区别 先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have towait at the gate of the school. 句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的

6、情况 个用who Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 在there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 关系词置于介词之后,作宾语. The pen with which you write is Jacks. 用which的情况 先行

7、词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. 先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,先行词是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等 that / which的区别 She did all that she could to help us. 先行词被all, every, no, some, little, mu

8、ch, the only, the very, the right，the last等所修饰时 This is the very book that I want. 先行词中既有人又有物时 She described in her compositions the people and 用that的情况 the places that impressed her most. 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the first film that Ive seen since I c

9、ame here. 定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用that He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.定 当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that Who is the person that is standing at the gate?语 定语从句10个难点 As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定 句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中从 Such/so. as. 像.一样 the same . as 和.同样的 A co

10、mputer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. 句 As引导定语从 He is not the same man as he was. 句的用法 引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. the same as.和the same that.引导定语从句的区别This is the same bike

11、that I lost yesterday. (同一事物) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物） When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. （when=on which） Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等 Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which) Why 在定语从句中做

12、原因状语，先行词只有reason.关系副词的运用 I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which) 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词 Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等 What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。 （

13、此时where = in which） way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比较: The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.（way在定语中作tell的宾语） time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句几个特殊 先行词time This is the first time that the president has

14、 visited the country.的先行词 time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词when This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. （此时when = during which 在.期间） 先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here. 比较：Is this the reason that/

15、which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference. （reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语） 该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）该结构介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配 This is the book on which I spent $ 8. This is the book for which I paid $ 8. 根据先行词的搭配习惯 I remember the days during which I lived there. I rem

16、ember the day on which I graduated from university. 介词+关系代词 根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定 The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen. 英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。 Here is the money with which to buy the piano. She is the right person on whom to depend. 定 注意:如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略 The person (whom/who/t

17、hat) you will write to is Todd.语 定语从句10个难点 有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如 look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等从 This is the baby that you will look after.句 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor定语从句的 ever

18、y year. 主谓一致 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 定语从句可以转换为 ing或

19、-ed形式 定语从句的 The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan. 转化 I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway. The man (who stands) standing there is my friend. 判断从句是否为定语从句 （先行词，关系词，定语从句） 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 (主、宾、表、定、状) 10.定语从句的 从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词 解题方法 例：Is this the museum _ you visited a

20、 few days ago? Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held？ A. where B. that C. on which D. what 注意：.关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。当先行词是人： whose = the + 名词 + of whom 当先行词是物：whose = the + 名词 + of which Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday? Id like a room whose window

21、/ the window of which faces the sea. .That引导定语从句，名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别 定语从句中的that: 关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。 名词性从句中的that: 从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。 强调句中的that, 运用于it is/wasthat.结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。 比较：This is the book that I am looking for. (that 引导定语从句) It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied fo

22、r three years. (that和前面的it is构成强调句型) The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us. (that 引导名词性从句-同位语从句) That he will come to the conference has excited all of us. (that引导名词性从句-主语从句) We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger. (that引导名词性从句-宾语从句) The reason for your fa

23、ilure is that you lack confidence in yourself. (that 引导名词性从句-表语从句)定语从句练习题： 1. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. A. most of themB. most o

24、f whichC. most of whatD. most of that3. I will give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where4. All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that5. Villagers here depend on the

25、fishing industry, _ there wont be much work. A. whereB. thatC. by whichD. without which6. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which7. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in

26、 the rural areas. A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which8. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom9. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of

27、whom10. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my home town, will open next year. A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which11. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A. whoB. whichC. whatD.

28、that12. Look out! Dont get too close to the house_ _roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. what13. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us._ we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which14. Many children，_

29、parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom15. What do you think of teaching, Bob？ I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that16. The house

30、I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which17. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these18.Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that19.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where20. That is such a well-known place_everyone wants to visit _we