小升初英语语法复习要点归纳(PEP版).doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除（人教PEP版）小升初英语语法复习要点归纳一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s、x、sh、ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数：

2、 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四大时态时态结构时间特征词一般现在时动词用原形或第三人称单数（s/es）every day/week,often,usually,sometimes现在进行时be(am,is,are) + doingnow,look,listen一般将来时1

3、.be going to +动词原形2.will +动词原形tomorrow,next week,this morning/afternoon一般过去时1.动词过去式(ed/不规则的)2.be动词过去式was / wereyesterday,last weekendbefore,2 days ago凡是在must, mustnt, can, cant, lets, dont, may，will后的一定要用动词的原形口诀：1 时间是经常，动词要用原形或第三人称单数。2 时间是现在，动词要用现在进行时be doing 形式。3 时间是将来，动词要用将来时be going to do（动词原形）。4

4、 时间是过去，动词要用过去式（-ed）或不规则形式。二、一般现在时 1一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 （关键时间：often, every day, every week, usually, sometimes）2一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。 3在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。 4在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加

5、does+not (doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (dont)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。 动词+s的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时

6、间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 （关键时间：now，look，listen）2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 四、一般将来时1定义：表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。（关键时间：

7、tomorrow，next week，tonight，this afternoon） 2肯定句：be going to +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句：把be动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形？如：What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形？如：W

8、ho is going to play football? 五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 （关键时间：last night，last weekend，yesterday）2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were

9、调到句首。 3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tas

10、ted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw

11、-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 六、Have、Has和There be结构 1.There be结构包括there is， there are ，there was， there were 2.意思都是“有”。 3.和have、has、had的区别： （1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） （2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个

12、名词决定。 （3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 （4）there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 （5）some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 （6）and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 （7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How muc

13、h + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ （8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： Whats + 介词短语？ （9）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。七、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级：在英语中，两者进行比较，强调一方比另一方，可使用形容词比较级than 结构2语法归纳（形容词比较级）情况加法例词一般情况加ersmall-smaller以e结尾的词加rlarge-larger以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i，再加ereasy-easier以一个辅音字母结尾的词将这辅音字母双写再加erhothotterthin-thinner3不规

14、则形容词比较级： good-better, beautiful- more beautiful八、数词基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one2、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth；3、二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth “第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“几”改为序数词

15、。如：88 eighty-eighth巧记序数词：1,2,3,特殊记,加th从4起; 8少t,9去e,逢5逢12 ve变f;2090,y要变ie;若是几十几,前基后序别倒位.九、特殊疑问词的复习what（什么） what colour（什么颜色） what time（几点） what day（星期几） how（怎样） how old（多大、几岁）how many（多少） who（谁） how much (多少钱)when（什么时候） whose （谁的） where（在哪里） why（为什么） which（哪一个）（一） What：什么（问事情、事物；问爱好；问职业；问外貌）1.What is

16、 this/that? 这/那是什么？It is a/an +名词单数。2.What are these/those? 这些/那些是什么？They are +名词复数。3.What is it? 它是什么？It is a/an +名词单数。4.What are they? 他们/她们/它们是什么？They are +名词复数。5.What is your sister like? 你姐姐长得怎么样？She is tall and young.6.What does your sister like? 你姐姐喜欢什么？She likes diving.7.What do you usually

17、do on the weekend?（一般现在时）I often visit my grandparents.8.What are you doing now?（现在进行时）I am reading a book.9.What are you going to do tomorrow?（一般将来时）I am going to watch TV tomorrow./I will watch TV tomorrow.10.What did you do last weekend?（一般过去时）I played football.与What有关的疑问词短语：1. What colour：什么颜色（问

18、颜色）2. What time：几点钟（问时间/问几点钟）What time is it now? It is 7:30.3. What day：星期几（问星期）What day is it today? It is Monday.4. What date：什么日期（问日期）What date is it today? It is June 1st.5. Whats the weather like today：（问天气）天气怎么样？ It is sunny.What was the weather like yesterday? It was cloudy.6.Whats the matte

19、r with you?（问病症）你怎么了？I have a cold.7.Whats your favourtite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season?My favourite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season is8.Who is your favourite teacher? 谁是你最喜爱的老师？Mr Chen/Miss Li is my favourite teacher.（二） Where：在哪里（问地点、位置、方位）where 配动词go1.Where do you usually go every

20、weekend?（一般现在时）I usually go to a park.2.Where are you going now?（现在进行时）你现在去哪里？I am going to U.S.A. now.我去美国。3.Where are you going to go tomorrow?（一般将来时）你明天打算去哪里？I am going to the bookstore tomorrow./ I will go to the bookstore. 我准备明天去书店。4.Where did you go last weekend?（一般过去时）你上个周末去了哪里？I went to Beij

21、ing last weekend.我上个周末去了北京。（三） Who：谁（问人）1.Who am I? You are Mike. 2.Who are you? I am Amy. 3.Who is he/she? He is Mike./ She is Amy. 4.Who are they? They are Mike and Amy.5.Who is the(this) boy / girl? He is Mike./ She is Amy. 6.Who is that man/woman? He is my father./ She is my mother.（四） Which ：哪一

22、个（问具体事物）1.Which floor? It is on the 5th,Room 5A.2.Which bus can I take? You can take the No.3 bus.3.Which bus can you take? I can take the No.5 bus.4.Which bag is Mikes? The yellow bag is Mikes bag./The bigger one is Mikes bag.5.Which season do you like best? I like summer best.（五） When：什么时候（问时间）1.W

23、hen is your birthday? (in+月份, on +月+日)(1)My birthday is in October./ Its in October.(2)My birthday is on October 5th./It is on October 5th.2.When is Teachers Day/National Day/Childrens Day/Womens Day?It is September 10th./October 1st./June 1st./March 8th.（六）Why：为什么（问原因；用because答）1.Why do you like su

24、mmer? Because I can swim in the sea.2.Why does Mike like fall? Because he can fly kites.3.Why do you like grapes? Because they are sweet.4.Why does John like apples? Because they are sweet.（七） How：怎样（问交通方式；问身体状况；问心情,问感觉）1.How are you?：你好吗？（问身体状况）I am fine,thanks.2.How do you feel?：你感觉怎样？I feel sick.

25、3.How does Mike feel? （问心情）He feels happy./He is happy.与How有关的疑问词短语：How many：多少（问数量） How much：多少前（问价钱）How tall：多高（问身高） How old：多少岁（问年龄）How heavy:多重（问体重） How big：多大（问尺码、大小）How long：多长（问长度） How large：多少平方（问面积）1. How many days are there in a week? There are 7.2.How many months are there in a year? Ther

26、e are 12.3.How many seasons are there in a year? There are 4.4.How many people are there in your family? There are 4.5. How many brigdes are there in the picture? There is one.6. How many birds can you see? I can see 2 birds.7.How much is your pen? It is 2 yuan.8.How much are the books? They are 20

27、yuan.9.How tall are you? I am 168 cm tall.10.How tall is your father? He is 180 cm tall.11.How old are you? I am 12 (years old.)12.How old is Mike? He is 11 (years old).13.How heavy are you? I am 35 kg.14.How heavy is Amy? She is 32 kg.15.How big are your feet? I wear size 37.16.How big are your bro

28、thers feet? He wears size 40.17.How long is the dogs tail? It is 10 cm long.18.How long are your legs? They are 90 cm long.19.How large is your room? 你的房间有多大？It is 25 square meters.（平方米）（八）Whose:谁的（问属于谁的东西）1.Whose pen is it? It is Mikes pen.2.Whose bike is it? It is Johns bike.九、代词1、人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他

29、”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)2、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/th

30、eir)+名词而名词性物主代词则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.表格记忆：主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I（我）memy（我的）minemyself（我自己）复数we（我们）usour（我们的）oursourselves（我们自己）第二人称单数you（你）youyour（你的）yoursyourself（你自己）复数you（你们）youyour（你们的）yoursyourselves（你们自己）第三人称单数he（他）himhis（他的）hishimself（他自己）she（她）herher（她的）hersherself（她自己）it（它）itits（它的）itsitself（它自己）复数they（他们/她们/它们）themtheir（他们的/她们的/它们的）theirsthemselves（他们/她们/它们自己）【精品文档】第 7 页