TEM8 英语专八英美文学.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流TEM8 英语专八英美文学【精品文档】第 9 页英国文学(English Literature)450-1066Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 古英语（或盎格鲁撒克逊）时期1066-1500Middle English Period 中古英语时期1500-16601516-15781578-16251625-1660The Renaissance 文艺复兴 1) The beginning of the Renaissance 2) The flowering period 3) The epilogue of t

2、he Renaissance1660-1785The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期1785-1830The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期1832-1901The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期1901-1914The Edwardian Period 爱德华时期1910-1936The Georgian Period 乔治五世时期1914 -The Modern Period 现代时期1945 - Postmodernism 后现代主义一、 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 (8世纪-1

3、4世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期 (449-1066)A. Pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf贝奥武甫- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报 B. Religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙 610-680): 赞美诗

4、（Anthem）,大多取材余圣经（Bible）故事。 Cynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): 十字架之梦（Dream of the Rood） C. Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735)英吉利人教会史（Historian Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum） Alfred the Great(848-901)Father of English Prose盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle）2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500): Cava

5、lier literature骑士文学A. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight从1066年诺曼人征服英国,到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语.文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇,民谣和诗歌高文爵士与绿色骑士: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 linesGeoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400): the father of English poetry; Heroic couplet(英雄双韵体)The Can

6、terbury Tales; The Parliament of Fowls；The Book of the DuchessThe House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰罗曼史 William Langland(朗兰 1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman农夫皮尔斯之幻象B. English ballads（15th C）Thomas Malory (1395-1471) : Morte dArthur亚瑟王之死- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period

7、英国文艺复兴 (1500-1660): 人文主义humanism; 十四行诗Sonnets; 无韵诗Blank verse; 戏剧Drama; 斯宾塞诗体Spenserian；University Wits 大学才子派约翰李利(John Lyly, 尤菲绮斯(Eupheus、托马斯洛奇(Thomas Lodge,)、托马斯基德(Thomas Kyd)、罗伯特格林(Robert Greene)、托马斯纳施(Thomas Nashe, 浪漫传奇罗萨琳)、和克里斯托夫马洛（Christopher Marlowe,） 1) 诗歌 a. Thomas Wyatt Henry Howard(霍华德 151

8、6-1547)英国文学史上第一个创作无韵诗的诗人霍华德与托马斯怀特爵士把十四行诗引入英国。他们的诗歌在陶特尔杂集（Tottels Miscellany）（1557年）上发表(怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士 1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想 - “the complete man” Defense of Poetry为诗辩护 Astrophel and Stella爱星者与星; Arcadia阿卡狄亚: a prose roma

9、nce filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc. Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞 1552-1599): the poets poet The Shepherd Calendar牧人日历；Amoretti爱情小唱The Faerie Queen仙后：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian StanzaSpenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eig

10、ht lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔 1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia乌托邦: More与海员的对话b. John LylyUniversity Wits中最年长的 (黎里 1553-160，散文家，剧作家&小说家)：Eupheus尤菲绮斯 Euphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliteratio

11、ns(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means. The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根 1561-1626)： Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classicPhilosophical: New Instrument新工具 New Atlantis新大溪岛Advancement of Learning学术的推进Professionals: Maxi

12、ms of the Law法律格言3) 戏剧 a. Christopher MarloweUniversity Wits中最杰出的剧作家: University Wits 大学才子派 First made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝：残酷而野心勃勃的帝王b.

13、William Shakespeare(剧作家&, 1564-1616): 154 sonnets(十四行诗) + 38 plays + 2long poems16 comedies : Merchant of Venice (Shylock; Antonio; Bassanio; Portia); The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记 A Mid-Summer Nights Dream; As You Like It皆大欢喜; The Twelfth Night; The Comedy of Errors;Much Ado About Nothing无事生非; The Win

14、ters Tale冬天的故事; All is Well that Ends Well终成眷属 11 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet; Macbeth麦克白; The Tempest暴风雨 Othello: a hero Othello vs. bad man Iago; Venice and Cyprus King Lear: British King; greatest achievement; most complex in plot and most painful 10 historical plays: Henry IV; Henry V c.

15、 Ben Jonson(琼生 1562-1637 诗人&剧作家&批评家): 称之为“马洛式的雄浑诗行”(Marlowes mighty line) Comedy：Every Man in His Humor人人高兴 ，福尔蓬奈（Volpone）。Satirical comedy讽刺喜剧：Volpone狐狸，The Alchemist炼金术士 Comedy of manners 风尚喜剧：Edy of Manners人性互异 d.Jonson Webster The White Devil; The Duchess of Malfi三、 17世纪文学17世纪是英国社会剧烈动荡的时期之一,由于君主

16、专制和资产阶级之间的矛盾,爆发了1642年的内战并导致了1688年的光荣革命.与政治斗争和资产阶级革命思想紧密相连的是宗教斗争和清教徒思想.因此这一时期的文学和艺术多展示革命思想的发展与成长,并带有浓厚的清教主义倾向.两个代表作家是弥尔顿和班扬.弥尔顿的代表作失乐园和班扬的代表作天路历程都取材于圣经.天路历程是一部寓言作品,用基督徒到达天国的历程象征人类追求美好未来的进程. 1) Literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Metaphysical 玄学派+ Cavalier骑士派) a. John

17、Donne(多恩 1572-1631)：玄学派创始人; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning临别辞：莫悲伤文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking the conflict between body and soul The Holy Sonnets; The Flea; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Songs and Sonnets（主题-爱） b. John Milton(弥尔顿 1608-1674)：Renaissance and Reformation

18、 (宗教改革)Paradise Regained复乐园; Paradise Lost失乐园: the greatest English epic; Satan is the heroSamson Agonistes力士参孙：closet drama; for reading rather than performing; On His Blindness目盲自咏; Areopagitica论出版自由; Comus; Lallegro快乐的人; Lycidas c. John Bunyan(班扬 1628-1688): prose writing in the Puritan Age; 文风：s

19、imple and lively prose style The Pilgrims Progress天路历程: prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁神曲、奥古斯丁忏悔录并列世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。2) Literature of the Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)王政复辟/德莱顿时期: tendency to Realism and Formalism restoration literature

20、: cliquish culture小集团文化; French classical tasteJohn Dryden (德莱顿 1631-1700, 批评家&戏剧家)：first poet laureate(桂冠诗人); the father of English Criticism establish the heroic couplet(英雄史诗式两行诗) as the fashion for satiric, didactic(说教) and descriptive(描写) poetry最先提出“玄学诗人”一词；他创造的“英语双韵体couplet”, 成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。All

21、for Love; Alexanders Feast; An Essay of Dramatic Poesy论戏剧诗歌四、18世纪英国文学: Realism (关注社会现状，普通人) 1）18世纪上半期的新古典主义The Neoclassical Period a. Samuel Pepys(毕博思 1633-1703): The greatest diarist in 17th C The Diaryb. Alexander Pope(蒲柏 1688-1744) : 新古典主义代表; master in satire and heroic couplet文风：词句工整、精练、富有哲理；对By

22、ron影响巨大 first introduced rationalism to England作品：An Essay on Criticism(处女作); An Essay on Man; Odyssey; The Rape of the Lock夺发记; Dunciad愚人记 c. Richard Steele (斯梯尔 1672-1729) & Joseph Addison (艾迪生 1672-1719): literary periodicalsThe Tattler(闲谈者报): 1709, by Steele; Addison wrote essays; 抨击封建偏见，傲慢的富人，及

23、大众对赌博和决斗的反感The Spectator(旁观者报)：共同创办；the Spectator Club - 现代英语小说先锋 贡献：资产阶级新社会道德；18世纪英国社会真实写照；英语散文正式成为一大文学流派 d. Samuel Johnson (字典约翰 1709-1784) : literary dictator; “grand champion in literature of that age” The Dictionary of the English Language: 英语字典的基础； The Lives of English poets: 52 early English

24、poets 2) 十八世纪中期小说的崛起: 首批英国小说家 the Sentimentalist & the Realist* 现实主义 a. Daniel Defoe(笛福 1661-1731): Father of English and European Novels Moll Flanders，The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe，A Journal of the Plague Yearb. Henry Fielding(菲尔丁 1707-1754, 小说家&戏剧家): 英国小说之父; 英国现代小说创

25、始人；comic epic in prose创始人Joseph Andrews; Amelia；The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃婴汤姆琼斯的故事；Mr. Allworthy “Prose Humor”c. Jonathan Swift(斯威夫特1667-1745, 政论家&讽刺小说家): 伟大文学创造者之一；master of English satirical prose文风：simple, clear and vigor; “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definitions of

26、a style”Gullivers Travels格列佛游记: Liliput(小人国); Brogdingnagians(大人国); Laputa(勒普泰岛); Houyhnhnms(慧马国)The Battle of the Books; The Tale of a Tub; A Modest Proposal (bitter irony)d. Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771)：罗德里克道登历险记)(The Adventures of Roderick Random)；汉弗莱克林克(Expedition of Humphry Clinker)* Sent

27、imentalism(感伤主义): a. Samuel Richardson(理查森 1689-1761): the founder of the English domestic novel 小说开始审视“发生于内心的东西”Pamela; Clarissa; The History of Sir Charles Grandisonb. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩 1713-1768)：Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy项狄传- unusual and queer artistic formc. Oliver Goldsmith (戈德史密斯

28、 1728-1774)：Romantic school; The Deserted Village荒村; She stoops to ConquerThe Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师：one of the most enduring characters in English fiction3) Poetry of the Pre-Romanticism and Sentimentalism (前浪漫主义和感伤主义诗歌)：18世纪中期a. James Thomson(汤姆森 1700-1748 苏格兰)：The Seasons: theme - nature; bla

29、nk verse； the first significant poem in the tradition of Pre-Romanticismb. Edward Young(杨 1683-1765) Busiris；The Revenge ；The Universal Passion ；The Complaint or Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality；The Brothers c. William Collins(柯林斯 1721-1759)：Ode to Evening晚颂d. Thomas Gray(格雷 1716-1771)：

30、sympathy for the poor and unknown, mocks the great ones who despise and hurt themElergy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌；Ode on the Springe. William Blake(布莱克 1757-1827 浪漫派诗人、画家、雕刻家)： The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Songs of Experience经验之歌: The Tiger; London; The Chimney-Sweeper扫烟囱的孩子 世间的丑恶Songs

31、of Innocence天真之歌: The Lamb Poetical Sketches素描诗集 f. Robert Burns(彭斯 1759-1796 苏格兰)：the greatest songwriter; the national poet of Scotland; the peoples poet文风：lyrics on love and friendship; simplicity; Scotch dialects My Hearts in the Highland；A Red, Red Rose; Auld Lang Syne旧日美好时光; For a That and a T

32、hat不管那一套4) 戏剧a. John Gay(盖伊 1685-1732): The Beggars Opera乞丐歌剧: one of the most conspicuous stage triumphsb. Richard Brinsley Sheridan(谢立丹 1751-1816 喜剧作家)： The Rivals情敌；The School for Scandal造谣学校：best English comedy since Shakespeare 五、The Romantic Period英国浪漫主义文学 It begins with William Wordsworth and

33、 Samuel Taylor Coleridges joint work Lyrical Ballads in 1798.It ends with the death of Walter Scott in 1832. The Poetic Revolution(1798-1837): Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats 反对新古典主义文学(1798-1832) 19世纪上半期1) 诗歌 Lakers / Lake Poets (湖畔诗人, 第一代): Wordsworth, Coleridge & Southey - w

34、orshipper of naturea.William Wordsworth (华兹华斯 1770-1850)：Poet Laureate Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集：Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏; Lines Written in Early Spring 英国浪漫主义开端The Prelude序曲； The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女； I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud；Composed upon Westminster Bridge； Lucy Poems;

35、My Heart Leaps Up; To the Cuckoo致布谷鸟b. Samuel Taylor Coleridge(柯勒律治 1772-1834)：poet and literary critic； Kubla Khan忽必烈汗；Christabel；The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Lyrical Ballads)古舟子咏; The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的倒塌c. Robert Southey(骚赛)：Joan of Arc圣女贞德2) 诗歌 第二代诗人: 早熟、热情而短命；against the bourgeois so

36、ciety and the ruling class; 自由至上a. George Gordon Byron(拜伦 1788-1824)：lyrical poems deal with nature and love, Byronic Heroes: 孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满反抗精神。内心孤独苦闷，却又蔑视群小。 作品： Cain该隐；Don Juan唐璜：西班牙贵族子弟周游各国，发生在18世纪后半叶。长诗Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗尔德游记: Childe是其诗歌中首位拜伦式英雄。长诗She Walks in Beauty; When We Two Parte

37、d; Hebrew Melodies希伯来歌曲b. Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱 1792-1822)：love the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters Queen Mab；The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛； Adonais； A Defence of Poetry；The Necessity of Atheism(无神论)诗剧：The Cenci钦契一家； Promethus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯(Greek mythology)Love lyrics: Ode To a Sky

38、lark云雀颂；Ode to the West Wind (冬天来了，春天还会远吗): swift, proud and wild的西风c. John Keats (济慈 1794-1821)： “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” leading principle Ode to Psyche普赛克颂；Ode on Melancholy；Isabella；Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale； Ode on a Grecian Urn3) 散文: 19世纪早期，critical prose writing - Leigh Hunt,

39、 De Quincy a. Charles Lamb(兰姆 1774-1834 随笔): nostalgia, humor, delicacy, personal and observations 最佳散文家Old China古旧的瓷器; Tales from Shakespeare(儿童文学); Essays of Elia(论说文集) b. William Hazlitt (哈兹利特 1778-1830): 犀利的文学批评 - The Characters of Shakespeares Plays Lectures on the English Poets; Lectures on th

40、e Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth My First Acquaintance with Poets; On Going a Journey论出游4) 小说a. Walter Scott (司各特1771-1832): 西欧历史小说之父； the first novelist to recreate the past 浪漫主义向现实主义转变Waverley威弗利；Rob Roy罗伯罗伊(苏格兰历史)；Ivanhoe艾凡赫b. Jane Austen(简奥斯丁 1775-1817)：humor, wit and delicate

41、 satire; true to life 首位女作家，以特有的敏锐和细腻刻画英国乡村中产阶级的生活和思想。预示现实主义小说崛起 Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺；Sense and Sensibility；Pride and Prejudice；Emma；Persuasion; Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园 c. Mary Shelly (雪莉)：Frankenstein六、The Victorian Period维多利亚时期 (1832-1901) 19世纪中后期 Critical Realism 批判现实主义- novel poetry/proseFull and

42、detailed representation of social and political events, and the fate of common people and of whole social class1) 小说a. Charles Dickens(狄更斯 1812-1870): 小资产阶级知识分子 humoritst, satiristWith striking force and truthfulness, he pictured bourgeois civilization, showing the misery of common people.Bleak Hous

43、荒凉山庄；Hard Times艰难时世；A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌 1st Period (1836-1841): youthful optimism The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店; Oliver Twist雾都孤儿；The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传 2nd Period(1842-): excitement and irritation David Copperfield; Dombey and Son董贝父子 3rd Period: intensifying pessimism Great Expectations远大前程；A T

44、ale of Two Citiesb. The Bronte SistersCharlotte Bronte(1816-1855): Jane Eyre(Mr. Rochester); Shirley雪莉Emily Bronte (1818-1848): Wuthering Heights (Heathcliff & Catherine) 资本主义社会婚姻制度Anne Bronte(1820-1849): Agnes Greyc. Mrs. Gaskell (盖斯凯尔夫人 1810-1865): Life of Charlotte Bronte 英国最佳传记Mary Barton玛丽 巴顿：t

45、he class struggle between the workers and the capitalistsd. George Elliot(艾略特 1819-1880 女作家): 田园生活，道德问题，心理描写 Silas Marner织工马南文风：rich humor and keen observation, very philosophical Adam Bede：Adam爱上变心女The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨房：Tom & Maggie； Middlemarch, a Study of Provincial Life米德尔马契e. William Makepeace Thackeray(萨克雷 1811-1863): Vanity Fair/ A Novel without a Hero名利场