怎样区别一般过去时与现在完成时.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题与练习一、现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词 have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）

2、（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet，twice, ever, never, three time 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.I have been to Beijing twice.（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续

3、教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。提问通常用 how long How long have you lived here? 注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如： I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。 I have lived here for a week by now. 到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。 I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。3.现在完成时的时间状

4、语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如so far, up to now

5、, in the past few years等。例如：He has been there three times in the last few days.c.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I havent.How many times have you been there this year?（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven

6、t seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive be here begin(start)be on die be dead come back be back leave be away fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) get up be upgo out be out finish be overput on wear 或be on op

7、en be openjoin be in或 be a member of close be closed go to school be a student borrowkeepbuy have catch(a cold)have(a cold) get to know know begin to study study come to work work等如：He has been in the army for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on fo

8、r ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.几点注意事项（1）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。 如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two year

9、s.他父亲去世已有两年了。（3）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发

10、生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。 I have just been to London. I went there last month. 1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morni

11、ng, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,

12、get married等。举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for

13、three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用

14、过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题1. A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _ _? No, they havent_ _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _ .3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _ _.B.用 sin

15、ce或 for1) We have learned five lessons _ _ _ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _ _ _last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _ _two weeks.C. 用have gone或 have been1) Where are the boy students? They _ to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _

16、 there before ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if I_ _ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ _to that city before. 2. 选择填空1.Mother _ _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried

17、D. madetried2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhasD. has learneddid3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedwas C. got wasD. climbedis4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopy

18、did B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad5. “Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted D. hasgothas shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendidsee B. Did seedidwatchC. HaveseenhaveseenD. Did seehav

19、eseen7.You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. keptwaited B. have keptwaitedC. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited8.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour. A.hasbeenhas goneB. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent9._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Ha

20、scriedhas stoppedB. Iscryingstopped C. Did crystopped D. Iscryinghas stopped10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knewhave lived B. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive11. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in12. My brother _col

21、lege for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at13.He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then. A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedisD. had joined has been14. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sent B. camehad

22、sent C. comehave sent D. had comesent15. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest.A. wenttook B. wenthad taken C. had gonetook D. had gonehad taken16. We _ out by that time that he _ a spy for a long time.A. had foundhad been B. had foundwas C. foundhad been D. foundwas17. Before t

23、he news _ him, he _ to know about it.A. reacheshas gotB. reachedhad got C. reachedgot D. had reachedgot18. I _ him a second letter before I _ from him.A. wroteheard B. wrotehad heard C. had writtenheard D. have writtenhear19. People _ that the soldiers _ fighting.A. sayhad stopped B. saidhas stopped

24、 C. saystopped D. saidhad stopped20. We _ in a good harvest because we _ enough rain.A. didnt gethad hadB. gothad hadC. had gothad had D. gothadnt had21. They _ for five hours when they _ in New York.A. flewarrived B. had flownhad arrived C. flewhad arrived D. had flownarrived22. She _ that it _ for

25、 two days by that day.A. sayshas rained B. sayshad rained C. saidhad rained D. saidrained23. John _ there since the year before, so he _ them.A. had workedknew B. had workedhad known C. workedknew D. workedhad known24. He _ angry because he _ for a long time.A. had gothad waited B. gotwaited C. had

26、gotwaited D. gothad waited25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already. -When _ you _ it？ -The day before yesterday. A. have； seen B. will； see C. did； see D. did； seen 26. Mr Black _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live 27. We _ trees last Sunday. So far we _ over 3，000 trees there. A. planted； planted B. planted； have planted C. have planted； planted D. have planted； have planted【精品文档】第 9 页