It的用法.ppt

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1、 It 最基本的用法是最基本的用法是人称代词人称代词.1.主要代表主要代表刚提到的东西以避免重复。刚提到的东西以避免重复。E.g.: Look at that car. Its going much too fast. Eg2: Where is the car key? - I put it in your drawer. 2.也可以代表抽象的东西。也可以代表抽象的东西。E.g.: Its all my fault . 3.也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。E.g.: What a beautiful baby- is it a boy? How about the

2、 baby? - Ill take care of it. 4.还可代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东还可代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西。西。E.g.: Where does it hurt? If he doesnt come, I cant help it. You have saved my life. I shall never forget it. It 用于代替指示代词用于代替指示代词.It 可以表示可以表示“是谁是谁（在某处或做某事）（在某处或做某事）”e.g.: “Whos that?” “Its me.” Its your mother on the phone. “Why, it

3、s you!” she cried. it 的非人称代词的非人称代词it 有时并不指具体东西，而指天气、时有时并不指具体东西，而指天气、时间、环境、距离等，称为非人称代词间、环境、距离等，称为非人称代词it.E.g. Its raining. Its Tuesday today. Its quiet here. Its two miles to the beach. 替代词替代词one, ones, that, those, it, this, that1)one, ones, that, thosethat替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词

4、。只替换单数的可数名词。Eg: The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one on the right. The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico.that只用于替换表示事物的名词，只用于替换表示事物的名词， 而而one/ones替换表示人和表示事物的名替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。词皆可。Eg: His younger sister is taller than his elder one. I need the plastic bags, no

5、t the paper ones.The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while those in their school arent.The football players on our team seem to be more energetic than those on your team.that/ those用于替换有定冠词的名词；用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有不定冠词的名词。用于替换有不定冠词的名词。Eg: The style of the building is simila

6、r to that of a temple. A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.that/ those一般不带前置定语，但必须有后一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。置定语。one/ones都可。当替换词的后置定都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被所有格短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时，不用修饰时，不用one/ones而用而用that of/those of.E.g. I like the vase better than the one in the other shop.

7、The windows of your flat are cleaner than those of mine.A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent.2) it, this 和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余不如其余两者那么强调。两者那么强调。E.g. So she decided to paint the door pink. It upset the neighbors a bit. So she decided to paint the hous

8、e pink. That really upset the neighbors, as you can imagine. 当前面提到的事物不止一件时，当前面提到的事物不止一件时， it通常指最先提到的事物，而通常指最先提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。E.g. We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. It is mainly used by the children. (指指 the machine) We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room.

9、This/Thatis mainly used by the children. (指指the spare room)This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的则指上文所提到的事物。事物。E.g. Listen to this! We will have three days off. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said that?3) It和和one It用以指特定的前面提到过用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个事和它替换的是同一个事物，物，it前无修饰语

10、；而前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修饰之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别。语来加以区别。E.g. I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using it now. I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.形式主语形式主语it有下面几种类型：有下面几种类型：Be+形容词形容词+不定式不定式 e.g.

11、Its better to be early. Be+名词名词+不定式不定式 e.g. It was his duty to take care of the orphans. Be+介词短语介词短语+不定式不定式 e.g. Its beyond me to say why. It + 及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式 e.g. It makes me sick to think about it. Be+名词名词+动名词动名词 e.g. Its no good standing here in the cold. Be + 形容词形容词+动名词动名词 e.g. Its helples

12、s trying to convince her. 其他结构其他结构+动名词动名词 e.g. It doesnt matter waiting a few more days. 用于由用于由that 引导的主语从句，有下面引导的主语从句，有下面几种类型：几种类型：it +be+形容词形容词+that从句：从句： e.g. It is natural that they should have different views. it +be+名词名词+that从句从句: e.g. Its a shame that youre sick.it +动词（动词（+宾语）宾语）+that从句从句 e.g

13、. It happened that she wasnt in that day. It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. It+动词的被动语态动词的被动语态(said/believed/thought/expected/reported/ known + that从句从句 e.g. Its said that there has been an earthquake in India. 形式宾语形式宾语it:it 可以代表不定式：可以代表不定式：e.g. She found it difficult to convince hi

14、m. He felt it his duty to take care of them.it 代表代表that引导的从句：引导的从句：e.g. I took it for granted (that) you would be coming. They havent made it known where the meeting is to take place. it间或代表连接代（副）词引导的从句：间或代表连接代（副）词引导的从句：E.g. He hasnt made it clear when he is coming back. They havent made it known wh

15、ere the meeting is to take place. 用用it起始的句型归纳：起始的句型归纳：1）it +be+形容词形容词+从句：从句：e.g. It is not clear to me why he behaved like that. 2）it +be+名词名词+从句从句: e.g. Its a puzzle how life began.用用it起始的句型归纳：起始的句型归纳：3）it +动词（动词（+宾语）宾语）+从句从句 e.g. It doesnt matter much where we live.It makes no difference whether w

16、e go by train or by boat. 4）it +动词的被动语态动词的被动语态+从句从句e.g. It is not decided who will edit it. 5）it +动词动词be +that从句从句 e.g. No, it couldnt be that they were interested in him. 6）It +be + 一点时间一点时间+ whene.g. It was Christmas Eve when I got the news of his being killed in a car crash.7）It +be+一段时间一段时间+ sin

17、ceE.g. It is/has been three week since I last heard from him.8）It is time to do/ that(谓语用过去谓语用过去时态）时态）E.g. It is time for us to give the house a thorough cleaning. It is time that we gave the house a thorough cleaning.9）It + be + the first/second time that(谓语动词用完成时态）谓语动词用完成时态）E.g. It is the first ti

18、me in history that two Nobel Prizes have been awarded to the same person.10）It takes sb. Time to doE.g. It took Mary 20 minutes to choose a suitable dress for the party.There起始的句型归纳：起始的句型归纳：1）there live/stand/lie/existE.g. There stands a big tree at the entrance to the temple.There lay a ditch two m

19、eters wide ahead.2) There come/go/appear/occur/follow用于描述用于描述某事的发生或某个动作的开始。某事的发生或某个动作的开始。E.g. There will follow a break of 10 minutes and then we will go on with the lecture.3) There being（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）E.g. There being nothing left in the fridge, we had to do some shopping first.4) there to be结构常见

20、于动词结构常见于动词expect, intend, mean, consider, hate, want等后。等后。E.g. No one would expect there to be a war in his country. I dont want there to be another accident like this. 5) There is no need to doE.g. There is no need to wait for the bus since we can take you in our car.若名词是若名词是harm, sense, point时时The

21、re is no + 名词名词 + in doingE.g. There is no point in arguing with him. He wont listen to anyone.6) There appear /seem /is likely /is certain to beE.g. There seems to be something wrong with the electric fan. There is likely to be more people at the speech contest than expected.It 用于强调句用于强调句结构：结构：It+动

22、词动词be+强调部分强调部分+who(whom)/that+其他部分其他部分it可以用来对句可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。子的某一成分加以强调。E.g. Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week. It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week. It was last week t

23、hat Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构：有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构：I didnt hear from her until last summer.It wasnt until last summer that I heard from her. I didnt do all this for myself. It wasnt for myself that I did all this.问句也可变成这种结构：问句也可变成这种结构：Who called him “comrade”?Who was it that called

24、 him “comrade”?How did you forget to lock the door?How was it that you forgot to lock the door?Ex:把下列句子改为强调句：把下列句子改为强调句：1.Tom broke the window last night.2. They want money.3. Peter saw his friend in the park yesterday.4. I didnt have an opportunity of seeing her again for several years. Ex:把下列句子改为强

25、调句：把下列句子改为强调句：5. Why does everyone think Im narrow-minded?6. I didnt receive my letter until yesterday?7. Did Dick call the meeting last week?8. Did it happen in 1980?1. It was I _ helped him out.A. which B. who C. where D. what2. It is I to marry.A. who is B. that is C. who am D. who are3. Why was

26、it _ you were angry with me?A. that B. when C. which D. what4. It was not until midnight _ the rain stopped.A. that B. then C. when D. who5. Was it during the Second World War he died?A. that B. while C. which D. when6. that saw her in the street?A. Was it who B. Who it was C. Whom it was D. Who was

27、 it7. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected _ to be much better.A. that B. this C. one D. it8. Sometimes _ is not easy to tell fight from wrong.A. this B. that C. it D. *9. - Is _any good trying it again?- I m afraid not.A. it B. that C. which D. one10. Does _ matter if I cant finish the

28、job on time?A. this B. that C. he D. it11. Was it in 1980 _he died?A. that B. then C. while D. when12. It was not she took off her dark glasses realized she was a famous film star.A. when / that B. until / thatC. until / when D. when / then13. It was the day before yesterday _ he told me the news.A.

29、 that B. what C. which D. when14. it _ often comes to help you?A. Who are / that B. What is / who C. Who is / that D. Whom is / whoI5. _he made up his mind to leave?A. When was it B. When was it that C. When it was D. What it was that16. Where was it _happened? A. that that B. this that C. is that D

30、. this this17. _ you were born ?A. Was it where that B. It was where thatC. Where was it that D. Where it was18. It _ James and Tom who helped me to move that heavy box.A. was B. were C. is D. are 19. _ I shouted at the top of my voice did he turn his head.A. Until B. Not untilC. It was not until D.

31、 Only until20. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. this B. that C. which D. it21. It is I who _ going to Wuhan.A. am B. is C. are D. *22. The weather here is not so good as _ there.A. that B. this C. it D. one23. The cars made in Shanghai are better than

32、_ made in Xian.A. that B. those C. ones D. it24. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. This25. Was it because it snowed last night _ he didnt come?A. why B. that C. when D. then26. It was seven forty-five _ he finished the work.A. when B. that C. s

33、ince D. before27. about two miles from here to the Summer Palace.A. Its B. That s C. This is D. Its28. _ is said that he has gone to America.A. It B. That C. This D. Somebody29. As _ happens, I have brought my umbrella with me.A. it B. thisC. that D. its30. _ has been decided when we are to hold the sports meet.A. It B. ThatC. This D. Which