中考英语总复习代词教案.doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流中考英语总复习代词教案【精品文档】第 17 页 爱学社学习交流中心 古之成大事者,不惟有超士之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。 Every one can be successful,but there are so many different ways.Which one could make it come true,its up to yourself! Just try your best to do it! 第三次课一主要内容代词的分类,用法及区别二 知识要点1. 代词的定义代替名词以及起名词作用的短语,动词不定式,v-ing形式,从句或句子的词。2.
2、 代词的分类人称代词:I, we, you, he, she, it, them物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their, mine, hers, theirs,ours反身代词:myself,yourself, ourselves, itself, themselves指示代词:this, that,these, those相互代词:each, other, one another疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what不定代词:all,some,any,much,many,few,little关系代词:who,whose,that,
3、which连接代词:who,whose,which,what1.人称代词(1)人称代词的概念与形式概念:表示“我(们)”“你(们)”“他,她(们)”“它(们)”的词。人称代词的五种基本形式(包括相应的物主代词和反身代词):人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsits
4、elf复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves(2)人称代词的句法功能主格:用作句子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放在特殊动词后);eg:She lives in Toronto, Canada. Does he speak English?宾格:用作句子的宾语,放在动词或介词后;eg: Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike. I lost my book,now Im looking for it.(3) 人称代词的用法 A. 出现多个人称代词,单数并列时,需要按照“你”,“他”,“她”,“我”的顺序排列;复数并列时,按照“我
5、们”,“你们”,“他们”的顺序进行排列,即单数并列为you,he/she(him/her)and I(me); 复数并列为we(us),you and they(them)。如果需要承担责任,说话者这把I(me)或we(us)放在第一位。Eg:You, she and I should work together and play together. 你,我和她应该共同工作,一起玩耍。I and Li Ming broke the window. 我和李明把窗户打破了。B.人称代词单独使用时,常用宾格而不是主格。Id like to stay here for another week. 我想
6、再在这里待一周。Me, too. 我也是。You are supposed to help Jack. 你应该帮助杰克Why me?为什么是我?C. 下面两句中的情况,人称代词用主格和宾格都可以,通常认为主格较正式,用宾格是口语的用法。My sister is two years older than i(am)/me. 我姐姐比我大两岁。You are as tall as he (is)/him. 你和他一样高。2. 物主代词概念:表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词(1) 形容词性物主代词形容性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,做定语。它们的人称,数和性别取决于它们所
7、指代的名词或代词。Eg: Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次给我写的信。 The government has changed its policy.政府改变了政策。(2) 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词相当于名词,不能用于名词前做定语,它们的形式取决于所指代的名词,名词性物主代词在句中做主语,表语和宾语或与of连用做定语。Eg:Ours is a great country. 我的国家是个伟大的国家。(做主语)I forgot to bring my dictionary, could I use yours?我忘了带字典,我可以用下你的么?(做动词的宾语
8、)He wasnt in my room,he might be in his.他不在我的房间,他可能在自己的房间。 (做介词的宾语)Are those books yours,Daniel? 那些书都是你的么,丹尼尔?(做表语)Jack is a friend of mine. 杰克是我的一个朋友(与of连用做定语)3. 反身代词概念:表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,他(们)自己,她(们)自己,它(们)自己”的代词。句法功能:与所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称,数和性别上保持一致,在句中做宾语,同位语,表语等。Eg: Maria hides herself behind the do
9、or.玛利亚把自己藏在了门后面。(做宾语) Im not myself today.我今天不舒服(做表语) I myself made the mistake about your address.我自己把你的地址搞错了(做I的同位语)用法:强调性用法和非强调性用法 1. 强调性用法:反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面;但如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词其位置比较灵活。 反身代词用于强调时要重读。 Eg: The manager himself served the customers. / The manager served the customers
10、himself. 经理亲自为顾客服务。 I told them I wanted to see the manager himself. 我告诉他们我要见经理本人。在but, except, like, as 等词之后,或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用,但后者的语气更强。例: For my wife and me / myself it was a most enjoyable weekend. 对于我妻子和我(本人)来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。 She is about the same age as you / yourself. 她的年龄和你(本人)差不多。 反身代词作介词宾语或动词
11、宾语时,有时也可起强调作用。Eg:He has been living by himself since his parents died. 他父母死后,他就一直一个人生活。(by himself = alone)This matter is between ourselves(without anyone else knowing)这是我们两个之间的问题。The enemy will not perish of himself(of his own will)敌人不会让他如愿以偿的死去。She finished the job by herself. 她独自完成了这项工作。(by herse
12、lf = without help)反身代词作表语时也可表示特殊意义。例:I am not quite myself today. 今天我身体不舒服。(=I am not feeling so well as I usually do) 2.非强调性用法 反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反身代词成为固定搭配,请注意,汉译时“自己”多不译出。例: A. behave oneself 有礼貌;规矩 He behaves himself well.他为人很好。 Behave yourself while I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。 B. enjoy oneself 过得
13、快活 We all enjoyed ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。 C. express oneself 表达自己的意思 Can you express yourself in English? 你能用英语表达思想吗? He expressed himself satisfied.他表示满意。 D. present oneself 到场;present itself出现 He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital.他到医院接受体格检查。 When the cave door was unlock
14、ed, a sorrowful sight presented itself。 山洞门一打开,就出现了一幅悲惨的景象。 E. reveal itself 出现 Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself.声音渐渐多起来,生活又开始了。 F. collect oneself 清醒过来,镇定下来 I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself. 我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。 有时“动词+反身代词”之后,还需要一定的介词。例: G. busy oneself wit
15、h 忙于 He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house. 他忙于家里的许多事情。 H. avail oneself of 利用 We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English.我们利用每个机会讲英语。 I. address oneself to 专心于(工作) They address themselves to the main difficulties.他们专心致志解决主要困难。 J. devote oneself to 致力于;献身于 We are determin
16、ed to devote ourselves to the cause of education. 我们决心为教育事业献身。4. 指示代词概念:用来指代或者标记人或事物,表示这个(些),那个(些)句法功能:指示代词与定冠词,人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境,指示代词在句中可做定语,主语,宾语,表语等。用法:(1)指示代词的基本用法指示代词(this, that, these, those)在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语:This is yours and that is mine. 这是你的,那是我的。I want this book, not
17、 that book. 我要这本书,不是那本书。I like these and he likes those. 我喜欢这些,他喜欢那些。These computers are cheap. 这些电脑便宜些。What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。【说明】指示代词用作主语和定语时,可指人或物;用作宾语和表语时,只指物。如This is my father. this 在句中作作主语,可以指人,但是在Do you know this? 中,this作宾语,此句只能理解为“你知道这个情况吗?”不能理解为“你认识这个人吗?”(2)、表替代的that 与 those有
18、时为了避免重复,可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词:The population of China is much larger that that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that = the population)His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those = the views) (3)、this 与 that用法比较1. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或 that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this:She married J
19、im, and this that surprised me. 她嫁给了吉姆,这使我感到很吃惊。I want to know this: Is he healthy? 我想知道这一点:他是否很健康。【说明】回指上文的 that 在译成汉语时,通常却译为“这”:Thats where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。2. 在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?但在美国英语中指对方时也可用 this。3. 除用作代词外,this 和that 都可用作副词,与形容词或
20、副词连用,其义为“这么”、“那么”(=so):Its about this (that) high. 大约这(那)么高。Is it this hot every day? 每天都有这么热吗?四、this 的特殊用法注意以下各句中this 的用法:He will be in Paris this day next week. 下个星期的今天他将在巴黎了。He will come here this day next month. 他将在下个月的今天来这儿。比较:He got married ten years ago today. 他是10年前的今天结婚的。5.不定代词概念:指代某个(些)人,某
21、个(些)事物的代词,不定代词可以替代名词和形容词,没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可做主语,宾语,表语,定语等。分类:普通不定代词:some any,one,none,somebody,anybody,nobody,someone,anyone,no one,something,anything,nothing个体不定代词:each,other,another,either,neither,halfeverybody,everyone,everything数量不定代词:all,both,many,much,few,little,a few,a little,other,others,another,
22、the other句法功能与用法:(1)some和 any 的用法:some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗?)any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:T
23、hey didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗?)any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)(2)no和none的用法:no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅
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