英文常用词.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除each, every这两个词都有“每个”的意义。 each强调各别、各个，而every 强调全部、都among /betweenshe likes to live among the working peoplethere are spaces between the rocks.为什么前者用among 而后者用between看字典解释，另外between用于2者和多者之间，很显然rocks是互相独立存在的。而工作人员属于一群人，1个整体翻译应该是 她喜欢住在工作人员中 而不是强调中间，不是强调量度石头中间还有空间 （你要看空间肯定是把石头当作

2、1个个独立存在的实体，分别看他们中间的空间）另外between可以用于表示介于2个量度（空间，距离，数量，重量等）之间Among is used of people or things considered as a group *among用於指作为一整体的人或事物: Share out the books among the class. 把书分发给全班. * They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话. * standing among the crowd at the football match 在人群中站

3、着看足球比赛. 2 Between is used of people or things, either two in number or more than two considered individually *between用於指两个或两个以上各自独立的人或事物: one book between two (pupils) 两个人（小学生）一本书 * She divided her possessions equally between her four children. 她把自己的财物平均分给了她的四个孩子. * They hung flags across the street

4、 between the houses. 他们把旗子横跨街道悬挂在两边房子中间. * Theres a lot of disagreement between the two main political parties on this issue. 对这一问题, 两大政党间有很大分歧. (Compare 试比较: Theres a lot of disagreement among politicians on this issue. 对这一问题, 政治家们有很大分歧.)trace, track, trail的区别这三个词分别是：迹线、轨道、小径的意思。 trace有“某种迹象”的意思。no

5、 trace没有任何迹象。 track跑道，足迹。keep track(of) 继续了解（的）情况 trail还有拖拉的意思。trail sth in/on/through trail V.追踪；把.拖在后面。N.一连串的痕迹（如一串血渍）；一连串的踪迹(含可看到和可闻到的，如车辙，动物身上的臭味）；一排（车）；一屡（烟） track V.跟踪。N.道（小路，小径，跑道，车道）；一连串的踪迹或痕迹（要用tracks，而且不能形容气味），被追踪的线路 trace V.追寻；追溯；回溯（trace back)。N.遗迹；痕迹（事件影响的结果，如战争留下的痕迹）；行迹Stage 和 phase他们俩

6、区别很大，stage ,舞台，阶段，phase 段落，时期 要说混淆，也就是阶段这个层面上能够混淆。 这时候，stage 之某一个特定的阶段。 而phase 是一个时期，意味着同时还有别的类似的时期。 这回答,也只是我的感觉,仅供参考. stage形容历史发生过的多一些,也就是发展过的某一个时期. phase这强调一系列中的一部分.比如作试验的某一个阶段.我中文表达的阶段和时期没有什么区别.很多词汇的理解区别也没有那么鲜明.我建议比较微妙的区别,查英英词典 既然你又问了,我又查了一下韦伯斯特.看看会不会有帮助. stage: a period or step in a progress, ac

7、tivity or development;esp, one of the distinguishable periods of growth and development of a plant or animal. phase: a particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes各类包含consistcomposecompriseconstitute的区别consist是不及物动词，得加介词用 consist of，例如The United Kingdom consists of Great

8、Britain and Northern Ipose既是及物动词也是不及物动词，作为构成的意思的时候是及物动词，而且要用被动语态be composed of,例如Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.另外compose还有创作的意思，是作为不及物动词使用的，例如He was composing at the piano at the age of prise是及物动词，当作组成构成的意思时候，可以用be comprised of,等同于be composed of,例如A football team is comprised of eleven pl

9、ayers. 也可以直接coomprise加名词或代词，不需要加介词，等同于constitute，例如Fifteen separate republics comprised the Soviet Union. 另外它还有包括包含的意思，等同于include，contain，incorporate，例如This months figures are comprised in the total.constitute 是及物动词，不需要加介词of，例如 Twelve months constitute one year.而且constitute一般多用于机构 ，组织的构成comprise com

10、pose consist contain embrace include involeComprise：包含，由组成。（可用复数的“部分”成分作主语，表构成） eg.The committee comprises five persons. Twenty lessons comprise Book One. Compose：组成，构成（几个部分构成一个统一体）be composed of eg.These twelve persons are believed to compose the jury. Consist：由构成（不能用被动语态）consist of eg.Our universi

11、ty consists of 22 departments. The entire world consists of matter. Contain：包含，容纳（它的宾语只是整体的一部分） eg.Sea water contains salt. Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol The hall can contain 2000people. Embrace: 包括（与include同义）；包围 eg.The hills embrace my hometown. This course of study embraces every

12、aspect of the subject. Include:包括（宾语只是整体的一部分） eg.Your duty will include washing the test tubes. Involve: 包括（含必然包含）；使专注；使卷入 eg.Building this road involves the construction of the bridges. He was involved in writing a test report. This is an experiment which involves a lot of difficulties.Continuity、

13、continuation & continuancecontinuity 连贯性continuation 续集，增刊，附加物（继续之物）continuance 继续的行为或事例（“继续”本身）；持续时间首先，前者是强调连续不断的状态；后两者则有“后续”之意。continuation和continuance有些时候可以互换，但区别在于：1）指“持续时间”要用continuance【如：in his continuance in office 在他的任期里】2）continuation强调的是行动的延期或重新开始【如：a continuation of the meeting 会议的推延】或者是物

14、理上的延伸【the continuation of the street 街道的延伸】3）故事经历一个停顿之后的继续，叫continuation（续篇，补编）。单指续集啊，续编啊这个意思，个人觉得是可以互换的。4）continuation在数学里叫做“延拓”。另外，continuance是只用单数的。over time随着时间的流逝As time goes on随着时间的推移in the light of 根据，按照property、character、characteristic、trait、attribute、feature这组词常用于表示人或物的特征。property多指物的物理或化学特

15、性，或同类事物所共有的特性，一般不用于指人。 1)The two elementary forms of carbon have very differentproperties. （碳的这两个基本形式量性质大不相同。） 2) We may not be able to identify a substance from a singleproperty.（凭单一特性我们也许不能别出一种物质。）character泛指人的性格特征，或指人的独特的典型的特征。 1)Indeed, he is a very kind man at heart. What you know about him is

16、not his realcharacter. （确实他是一个非常心地善良的人。你对他的了解并不是他的真正品格。 2）A manscharactercan be measured by the types of men with whom he associates. (一个人的性格可从他交往何种类型的人加以判断。)characteristic可指人或事物所具有的、不同于其他人或物的个性或性质。指人时是character中的具体特征或特点。 1)She united with herself thecharacteristicsof two distinct persons.（她身上具有两个截然

17、不同的人的特点。）2）Reaction to strong stimuli from the outside world is acharacteristicof all animals. (对外界的刺激产生反应是所有动物的一个特性。)3) This town has all thecharacteristicsof a typical seaside resort.（这个小城镇具有所有典型的的海滨特色。）trait与character一样，指人的具体性格的特征,侧重于指先天行为模式或性格特征。1）Enthusiasm and honesty are the chieftraits/chara

18、cteristicsof his character.2)The worlddiscriminatesone on the basis of clearly genetictraits, such as physical beauty and musical talent.(世界常根据显著遗传特点区分人，如长相美和音乐天赋等。)attribute多指主观人赋予某人或某事物特性或属性。1) A certain degree of ruthlessness is a necessaryattributefor any successful CEO or president. (某种程度的残酷对任何

19、一个成功的首席执行官或董事长来说是一种必需要具备的特性。) 2）Credibility is an essentail attribute that is build on the elements of integrity, reliability, competence and commitemnt. (诚信是人的一个基本的特质，是建立在正直，可靠，能力和承诺的基础上。)3)Heavy rain is a distinctiveattributeof the weather near the equator. (下大雨是赤道附近地区气候的显著的特征。)。feature用于人指人的外貌特征，

20、用于物指突出引人注目的特点。1)I havent seen him for ages, but I can recall herfeaturesvery distinctly. （我好久没有见到他了,但我还能清楚地回忆起她的容貌。）2）The magazine makes afeatureof childrens stories. (这本杂志义刊登儿童故事为特色。)3）The most fruitful approach to a problem is the one which reveals the fundamentalfeaturesof the problem.（解决问题最富有成效的

21、方法是一个能揭示该问题基本特征的方法。）forexample,suchas和namely的用法有什么区别？【问】 编辑老师,您好！我非常喜欢英语,学习也很用功,成绩也一直不错。可我一看到意思相近的短语或单词时就很迷惑。如,我总是分不清for example, such as 和namely 的用法,请您帮我讲解一下。 （山东 黄翁宁）【答】 谢谢你的来信。for example, such as 和namely 都有 “例如”的意思,它们的区别在于：1. for example 一般列举同类人或物中的一个,作为插入语用逗号隔开,可放在句首、句中或句末。如:Some students, for

22、example, Tim, live far away from here. 有些学生,比如Tim, 住在离这很远的地方。2. such as 用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子。如:He knows four languages, such as Chinese and English. 他会说四种语言,如汉语和英语。3. namely 表示全部列举。如:He knows three languages, namely Chinese, English and French. 他会说三种语言,如汉语、英语和法语。fast, quick与rapid的用法区别三者均可表示“快”，其区别比较麻烦，归纳

23、以下几点供参考：1.表示人的动作之迅速，三者都可用，有时可换用。如：a fast rapid, quick worker做事手脚快的人a fast rapid, quick typist打字快的打字员2.fast表示“快”，侧重指速度方面。如：She ran as fast as she could.她有好快就跑好快。You are reading too fast for me to follow.你读得太快，我跟不上。注：询问速度或表示钟表走得快等，通常用fast。如：How fast is the fish swimming?这鱼游得有多快?My watch is 5 minutes f

24、ast.我的表快5分钟。3.quick通常表示某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短，有时还含有匆忙之意(但通常不指动作的频率)。如：He gave her a quick kiss.他突然吻了她一下。He had a quick look at it.他匆匆地扫了一眼。She ate a quick breakfast and rushed off to work.她匆匆吃了早餐就赶去上班。注：催人快做(快走等)，通常用quick。如：Be quick!快点!4.rapid比另外两词要稍正式些，通常指突然或急速(且连续不断)的动作。如：a rapid burst of machine-gun fir

25、e机枪声骤起He asked questions in rapid succession.他连珠炮似地发问。另外rapid还有一个特殊用法，即指一种有益的高速度(相比之下，fast和quick有时指无益的急速)。如：He made rapid progress in English.他在英语方面取得了很快的进步。RequireIt requires that .有.的必要require sth. of sb.对某人有.的要求require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事aim at v. 针对；瞄准；目的在于同义词和常用词语汇总error, fault, blunder, flaw

26、, mistake, shortcoming, defect, slip这些名词均有“错误”或error： 指思想或行动背离正题轨道或没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。fault： 一般指小并且可宽容的缺点、错误。blunder： 通常指由于无知或情况不明造成判断或行动上的大错。flaw： 指结构或组织上的缺点，如破裂之处。用作比喻意义时，指品格上的缺陷。mistake： 最普通用词，泛指思想上、行为上或认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。shortcoming： 指没有达到所要求的标准、没有充分发展或没尽到职责的不足、缺点或短处。多用复数形式。defect： 普通用词。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物

27、本质上的缺点。slip： 指因疏忽或无意而造成的差错。37组同义词高频词汇，记完你会有种升级了的感觉【分享】8 0As a result, redundant data, which are useless to objective classification, are involved in calculation of membership degrees of the objective.结果对目标分类不起作用的冗余数值被用于计算目标隶属度。1优势：Advantage, merit(功勋，长处）, virtue（美德，贞操，优点）, benefit, upside, strength，

28、ascendency（优势，优越）, ascendent（幸运星，优势）, dominance（支配地位，优势）, predominance（主导地位，优势）, preponderance(数量上的优势）, superiority（优越性，盛气凌人的行为）.2 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness, defect, fault, flaw, imperfection, blemish ，shortcoming.3解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, addres

29、s, tackle4损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize5给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford,confer.6培养：Develop, cultivate, foster, nurture.7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle，confuse8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indi

30、spensable, imperative9 认为：Consider, reckon, think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced，10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve, safeguard.11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental,

31、deleterious(传说这个单词经验最高）13 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away，eradicate15 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16 因此：Wherefore,so, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a co

32、nsequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to， slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to,level to19保持稳定：Level out，do not chang

33、e，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerabl

34、y，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 发生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 发展：Development, advance, progress26 有益

35、的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding， advantageous27 影响：Affect, influence, impact, effect,28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear，transparent。29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose,provide30与相比

36、：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe,unfold,indicate,exhibit33 大约：Approximately，al

37、most，about，around，nearly，roughly,some34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation,wave, unstable.35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put

38、 it like this，to put it differently，to put it another way，to put it from another angle.37美丽：beauty, comeliness, fairness, goodliness, loveliness, pulchritude, pretty, finery, presentability, swanky, magnificent, floweriness,brightRelevant and relatedrelevant: relivnt a. 相关的,切题的,中肯的词形变化: 副词:relevantl

39、y 例句与用法: 1. His nationality isnt relevant to whether hes a good teacher. 他的国籍与他是否是位好老师无关。 2. This type of university course is no longer relevant to todays problems. 这类大学课程对当今的问题而言已没有实际价值。 3. She gobbled up all the relevant information. 她如饥似渴地收集一切有关的信息。 4. These facts are relevant to the case. 这些事实和

40、此案有关。 5. The essay isnt even remotely relevant to the topic. 这篇文章毫不切题. related: rileitid a. 有关系的,有关联的v. 讲,有关系vbl. 讲,有关系词形变化: 副词:relatedly 名词:relatedness 例句与用法: 1. A variable so related to another that for each value assumed by one there is a value determined for the other. 应变量，函数一个与他量有关联的变量，这一量中的任何一

41、值都能在他量中找到对应的固定值 2. So she took her veil and covered herself. The servant related to Isaac all that had happened.Isaac conducted her into the tent and took her as his wife. 利百家就拿出面纱把脸蒙上。老管家就向以撒讲述了全部经过，以撒把利百加领进帐篷，娶她为妻。 3. One thing that is related to or connected with another. 相配物与另一种东西有关系或有联系的东西 4. S

42、he related some of her experiences in Xinjiang. 她讲了讲自已在新疆的一些经历。 5. We are nearly related. 我们是至亲。 6. People should read the related regulations before they exploit natural resources. 在开发自然资源前，人们应该先了解相关的规定。 7. He is my double, though we are not related. 我们两人虽然没有亲缘关系，他却和我长得一模一样。 8. These two events wer

43、e related to each other. 这两个事件相互有联系。Be prone toTo 是介词v. 有的倾向，易于 be prone to 1. 倾向于 11. footage：电影胶片 12. be prone to：倾向于 13. martyr：烈士 - 基于2个网页 2. 易於有傾向 409.pass up（讓過去；拒絕） 410.be prone to（易於有傾向） 411.pride oneself on（以為榮） .tw/driven/blog_article.asp?id=4237 - 基于1个网页 3. 易于做某事（常指不好的事） 18 apt to 常会，容易（有

44、某种倾向） 19 be prone to 易于做某事（常指不好的事） 20 bounce back 受挫折后恢复原状 - 基于1个网页 4. 易害病的 stunt 阻礙的發育成長,生長 be prone to 易害病的 fracture 骨折 .tw/index.php3?action=history&url=/lunajack/20031017103050.html - 基于1个网页 相关词条 to be prone to sth 1. 易于某事的 1. 形容词 to be prone to sth 易于某事的 2. 形容词 - 基于4个网页 be prone to err 1. 易犯过失

45、be prone to err 易犯过失 http:/www.bj- - 基于3个网页 be prone to social ills 1. 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀 be guilty of 有罪 be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶习的侵蚀 bully n .欺凌弱小者； vt .威吓，威逼 - 基于4个网页 2. 易受社会恶习的侵蚀 自私自利的人 an egocentric person 易受社会恶习的侵蚀 be prone to social ills 虐待儿童 child abuse - 基于2个网页 be prone to social evils 1. 容易受到社会恶习的影响 be morally polluted 精神受到污染 be prone to socia