主动语态与被动语态使用.doc

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1、 主动语态与被动语态补充材料 一. 概念: 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。l二. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。l三. 被动语态的时态：以为work 例l1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ workedl2. 一般过去时: was / were+ workedl3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ workedl4. 过去将来时: should / would+ workedl5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ workedl6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked

2、 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四. 用法：l当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五. 方法：l Many

3、people speak English.(主动语态)l English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）六. 注意以下问题：l A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for . 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, c

4、ook etc.leg.l1. Mary gave him some books.l He was given some books by Mary.l Some books were given to him by Mary.l2. Her father bought her a new bike.l She was bought a new bike by her father.l A new bike was bought for her by her father.l B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。leg

5、. 1. We call him Gina.l He is called Gina (by us).l 2. They made me happy.l I was made happy( by them).l 3. He asked me to come here.l I was asked to come here (by him)llC. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。l eg.l1. We saw them play football just now.l They we

6、re seen to play football just now. 2. We often hear her sing in English.l She is often heard to sing in English.l D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.l1. People often talk about that film. l That film is often talked about.l2. We should speak to the old people politely.l The old

7、people should be spoken to politely. E. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例如:Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_.被动语态专项练习一、选择题( ) 1._ a new library _ in our sch

8、ool last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( ) 2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( ) 3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( ) 4. So far, the moon _ by man alre

9、ady.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( ) 5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( ) 6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( ) 7.A lot of

10、things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( ) 8. -When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; usedD. are; used( ) 9. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )

11、10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( ) 11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( ) 12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( ) 13.The school bag _ behind the ch

12、air. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put( ) 14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( ) 15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面)二、用括号内所

13、给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are m ade 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing1. Its said(

14、据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must sen) to the hospital

15、.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.14. Th

16、is kind of shoes _ (sell) well.15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1. Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday pre

17、sent _ _ _ _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children.5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now.6. People use metal for mak

18、ing machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him.8. They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out th

19、e light green dresses. (改为被动语态The light green dresses _ _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ “Lianliankan” by us.一、选择题（215=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is

20、spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （130=30分）1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. neednt b

21、e done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (110=10分) was bought for me Is made in China covered with五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）be done改为 do listened改为 listened to remembered 改为 was remembered is sounded 改为sounds By who 改为 By whom