译林英语八年级上册语法复习及练习(含答案).doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 情态动词的用法 一、 情态动词的类型 （一） ）might（may）、could（can、must只做情态动词的有： 、1 need 可做情态动词也可做实义动词的有：、2 ）should（shall）、would（will 可做情态动词也可做助动词的有：、3 、4ought to 、have to可做情态动词的某些特征的有： （二） 情态动词的特征 must 构成谓语：必须和行为动词或系动词连用，但不能单独做谓语，有一定的词义， 、1 （）must go home ）X（home）例外，用于第三人称单数时用have to无人称和数的变化（ 、2

2、has to He must stay there. We must stay there. He has to walk home. We have to walk home. She may lose her way 后接动词原形： 、3 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语 、4 Yes, I can. Can you sing an English song ? 情态动词的用法 （三） 的用法could、can、1 表示能力，译为：能，会。如： ）1（ 你会打篮球么？Can you play basketball? 表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句当中，如： ）2

3、（ 他不可能在房间里。t be in the room.He can 。如：may表请求或允许，多用于口语，意为“可以”，相当于 ）3（ 你现在可以走了。You can(may) go now.的过去式，可以表示过去的能力。如：can是could ）4（ I could swim when I was seven years old. 。tcan和can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can以 ）5（ ）的用法might（过去式may、21（ ）表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。如： 他明天可能会来。He may come tomorrow. ）表请求、许可，意为“可以“。

4、如：2（ 我可以借用你的书么？May I borrow your book? ，不用tmustn其否定回答用的一般疑问句时，主语为第一人称表请求，用于may注意： ，意为“不可以，不许，禁止“，如：may not 是，可以。/ Yes, you may(can). 不可以tNo, you mustnMay I go now? 祝你成功May you succeed. ）表祝愿。如：3（，否定句也用can表示推测，意为一定，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用表示不可能。如：tcan表示可能不，而may not，但may 有人在敲门。heres someone knocking on the

5、 door. T 肯定是吉姆。It must be Jim. 开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must表示禁止，意为不允许。以tmustn：在否定句中，注意don或者tneedn，而否定回答则常用must 。如：tmustn，意为不必，而不用thaveto 我今天必须完成工作么？Must I finishthe work today? 不，你不必thaveto.t/youdonyouneedn，Noneed对）4（need用助动词提问或否定；为实义动词，need说明todo后加need词性的判断：提问或否定，肯定need为情态动词，用need后加动词原形，则need表被动；若doing后加 。如：tn

6、eedn，否定回答用must回答用 你不必这么早来学校。neednt come to school so early. You 的用法hadbetter 、5 hadbetternotdosth 动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用hadbetter+ ）的用法would（will）、should（shall 、6（ 用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。用于第二、三人称，表示命令如：shall ）1 ？我打开窗户好么？Shall I openthewindow ？我们在这儿吃饭好么？Shallwehavelunchhere 课堂上你必须听讲。You shall listen to the teac

7、her in class. 常用来表示义务、责任。如：should ）2（ 我们应该遵守交通规则。Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.（ 用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的意愿。如：will ）3 你能把这本书递给我么？Willyou pass me the book? 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。如：would ）4（ ？你能告诉我去东站的路么？Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation 易混点清单 、71（beableto 和can ）表beableto），但could（只用于现在时和过去式can表示能力时用法相同，beableto和can

8、。如：有现在时，过去时和将来时示经过努力后，能够做到 我们下周能回来。Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 去年不会说中文但今年会。, but now he can. Jimim couldnt speak Chinese last yearJ 表示可能性的区别may和can ）2（ 表可能。如：may在肯定句中用 你最好问问警察，他可能知道。You had better ask the policeman.

9、 He may know.，若语气不肯定，表cannot在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示不可能时用 。maynot示可能不时用 李老师不可能在，他去北京度假了。tbein the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.Mr Lican 表示委婉语气might，would，should，could ）3（would，should，could等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气，如：might， 你能告诉我去公园的路么？Would you tell me the way to the park? maybe 和maybe ）4（为副词，“大概，也

10、许”，相当Maybe，用在句中。be为情态动词，后面跟动词原形may ，用于句首。perhaps于can ）5（t mustn和t表达“禁止，不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯tmustn，tcan表否定推测时应用 表推测，意为“一定”。must定句中 Must I gotolawschoolandbea lawyer like you, Dad?D _, son. Youre free to you_，Nomakeyour own decision. D. neednt C. shouldnt B. mustnt cant A. Is Mr Brown driving here?A Im

11、 not sure. He_ come by train. D. must C. need B. shall may A. Lookat the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King?D No, it_ be her. She is wearing a white dress today. A. D. cant C. must B. may can May I stop my car here?No, you_. 1B D. dont have to C. neednt B. mustnt A. cant 2. Must we clean the house no

12、w?No, you _. A D. cant C. mustnt B. may not A. neednt 3. John_his father about his failure in the exam. C D. dares not to tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tell A. dares not tell 4. You_return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like. C D. may not C. neednt B. mustnt A. cant 5. Johnny,

13、 you_play with the knife, you_hurt yourself. B D. cant.shouldnt B. mustnt.mayC. shouldnt, must A. wont.cant 6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_ get out. D D. was able to C. could B. would A. had to C7. Would you go out for a walk with me?No, I_. My girl friend is coming. D

14、. shouldnt C. wont B. shall not A. wouldnt 8. Man_die without water. A B. can A. will D. shall C. need 9. If he started at 9 0clock, he_be there by now. D D. must C. ought to B. shall A. need 10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_it. D D. must have received B. cant receive C. might receive A. m

15、ust receive 11.The professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30p.m. A D. would be finished B. will finishC. must be finished A. be finished 12. There was plenty of time. You_. D B. mustnt have hurriedC. neednt hurry A. mustnt hurry D. neednt have hurried ) boy. He_go to school though it w

16、as raining hard. 勤奋的13. Tom was a diligent(A D. wasnt able to C. couldnt B. could A. was able to 14. _I go back before lunch?No, I dont think you_. C B. Do.need to C. Must.have to D. May . ought to A. Need.must 15. The teacher_do all the exercises, but a student_. A D. cant.must B. may not.mustC. ne

17、ednt.neednt A. neednt.must 16. Would you open the window please ?Yes, I_. A B. would A. will D. can C. do 17. A lion_only attack a human being when it is hungry. C D. shall C. will B. can A. should 18. Must I finish this novel this morning ?No, you_. C A. mustnt B. might not C. dont have to D. cant

18、19. The taxi _ only hold six passengers. It is full. You_take the next one. B A. may.may B. can.may C. may.can D. must.can 20. I_a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. C D. must have come B. may have come C. could have come A. may come 21. I wish to go home now, _I? A D. do C. must

19、 B. cant A. may 22. He must have finished his homework, _he? D A. mustnt B. didnt C. neednt D. hasnt 23. This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose_it be? B C. may B. can A. must D. might 24. He didnt do well in the exam. He_hard at his lessons. B D. has worked B. ought to have workedC. would have

20、 worked A. must have worked 25. I wonder how he_that to the teacher. D C. not dare say B. dare saying A. dare to say D. dared say 26. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? C D. Are C. Shall B. Will A. Should 27. You_the trees. Look, it is raining now. B A. must

21、nt have watered B. neednt have wateredC. could have watered D. might have watered 28. I_give you an answer tomorrow. I promise! B B. will A. must D. shall C. may 29. As a soldier, you_do as the head tells you. B D. ought C. may B. shall A. will 30. The streets are all dry. It_ during the night. A D.

22、 shouldnt have rained A. cant have rained B. must have rainedC. couldnt rain 现在完成时 二、定义：某个动作发生在过去，但对现在仍然有影响和结果，这个动作或状态可能已 （一） 经结束，但影响可能还要持续下去。，疑问句应将not后加have/has动词过去分词，否定式在have/has+其构成形式是： （二） 放在句子主语之前。have/has 现在完成时的用法 （三） yet, already, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有： ）1（，thesedays，never, just 等。如：r

23、ecently，inthepastyears 你去过北京么？Have you ever been to Beijing? 中国已经在科技方面made great progress in science and technology. Chinahasalready 取得了巨大的进步。 我爸爸刚下班回来了。My father has just come back from work. 2（表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。 ） 如：since 1991时间点”（表时间段），since+、“fortwoyears时间段”如for+“ 他们已经离开这里两年了。T

24、heyhavelefttherefortwoyears. 年开始他就一直住在美国。1960从He has lived in America since 1960. 年了。6我们学习英语已经We have studied English for six years. for ）3（引导的短语都表示“一段时间”，所以谓语动词应该时延续性动词，不since和，study，work，live有：延续性东西表示该动词可以一直持续进行，能用非延续性动词。等，非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持续，在短暂的时间里stay，teachborrow完成的，有： 等。buy，lend，die，leave，ge

25、t，arrive，come，她来了。Shehascome. 我已经买了一块手表。I have bought a watch. 她已经来了一个小时了。She has been for an hour. 我去年就买了一块手表。I havehadawatchsincelastyear. 表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。现在完成时可以在条件或时间状语从句中， ）4（ He will come as soon as he has finished the homework. 他一完成家庭作业就来。 我们将一直在这里等着直到雨停。Weshallwaithereuntiltherainhasstoppe

26、d. 现在完成时和一般过去时的用法比较 （四）一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的某个 ）1（时间的状语连用。而现在完成时表示某种动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，强 调的是现在情况，不能和表过去时间的状语连用。如：Wehavevisitedthefarm. （现在对农场有所了解） （说明上周参观农场这件事）Wevisitedthefarmlastweek. 如果询问某事发生的时间、地点，只用一般过去时。如： ）2（ 你是什么时候找到了你的包？When did you find your bag? 我下午找到了它。Ifounditintheafternoon.

27、从去年开始他一直住北京（现在也住着）Hehaslivedin Beijing since lastyear. 去年以前他住在北京（现在是否住不知道）Helivedin Beijingbeforelastyear. 的区别have/hasgone和have/has been （五）的意思是“去过，到过”，表示曾经去过某处，但现在人不在那，have/has been to意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经have/hasgoneto 到达。如：她已经到北京去了。（她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到Shehasgoneto Beijing. 达。现在人不在这里）她曾到北京。（她

28、过去到过北京表示一种经历，表示说She has been to Beijing. 话的时候她还在这里）讲的时过去的情况，强调过去与否，着重到目前为止的某个have/has been to总之，指现在人不在“这里”，只用于第三人称，不用于第一、have/hasgoneto结果，而 。havebeento第二人称，不能用来代替 his Both 、1B sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . look parents have known . knew . .will know must know . He has _ been to Shanghai

29、, has he ? 、2B . still .ever .never already . ？Have you met Mr Li _、3C just . a moment ago . .before ago . The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . 、4D writing .was writing . is written .has .wrote _ a lot so far . Our country 、5C Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . . has changed ; wel

30、l . changed ; better . has changed ; better changed ; good _in this school for two years . Zhao Lan _already 、6C . was ; studying . are ; studying . has ; studied . will ; study We _ Xiao Li since she was a little 、7C girl . known had . . know knew . known . have Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_

31、 it twice . 、8B . see will . .see saw . seen have States . United the to been have farmers These 、9B there ? Really ? When _ . do did they go . . will they go have they gone . go they _ you _ your 、10B yet ? homework ago . moment a it Yes . I _ Have ; done ; finished . Did ; do ; finished . will ; d

32、o ; finish . Have ; done ; have finished . 1978 . since Party _ the father His 、11D in been has . was in . has joined . joined . Do you know him well ? 、12B Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . . have made . have become . have been _ here ? How long have you 、13A About two months . . come

33、 . gone been . . arrived play _ for ten minutes . up! The Hurry 、14C begun has . began . on been has . begun had . It 、15A一般过去时，+since+时间段It is/has been+（_ ten years since he left the army . 以来多长时间了）.自 . is . was . will . has library . the to office . she_ the in isnt Green Miss 、16A gone .has been

34、has . go .will . went Shandong for ten years . parents _ My 、17A to gone have . . have been to have been in . been . have The students have cleaned the classroom,? 、18D C. have they B. dont they A. so they D. havent they has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? 、19C D. How far,

35、 arrived C. How long, came B. How often, got A. How soon, comes His uncle for more than 9 years. 、20C B. has started to work A. has come here D. has left the university C. has lived there 三、 的区别as、while、when 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：) 一( 他看书时睡着了。He fell asleep when while, as he was reading

36、. 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含as 【注】 (development) 和发展(action)有动作 如(一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词意味的动词， ：as 不能换为while ，所以下面一句中的)等be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 我要去邮局。m going to the post office. I：A 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票re there, can you get me some stamps? While you：B ? 吗且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的从句表示两个同时进行的

37、持续性动作，若主、(2) ：while 整个时间，通常要用 吃饭时不要说话。re eating. t talk while youDon 在他写的时候，我默不作声。I kept silent while he was writing. ：as 但是，若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用 她边走边唱。She sang as she went along. ：while 但不用as / when 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用) 三( 我们到达时正下着大雨。It was raining hard when as we arrived. )或几乎同时(若

38、主从句表示的是两个同时) 四( ：as / when 发生的短暂性动作，用 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. ：as 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，一般用) 五( 随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 天色越晚，天气越冷。As it grew darker, it became colder. ：when ，一般要用)暗示一种规律性(表示“每当的时候”) 六(下雪时天冷。s

39、 cold when it snows. It 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。He smiles when you praise him. ：when 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用) 七( 他回来时，我就回家去。I will go home when he comes back. 可用作并列连词，) when 八(、“而”表示也可以用作并列连词，;while ”)突然(“这时表示 则没有类似用法：as 但);表示对比(“却” We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜

40、欢茶。He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 一般不这样用：while 后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但when 和) as 九( 他小时候在日本。As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 一般不这样as 但形容词等构成省略句，介词短语、后可接现在分词、while 和) when 十( 用： 他看书时睡着了。When While reading, he fell asleep. When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。 1. That bank clerk

41、plays football _ a football player. D A. as good as B. as better as C .so well as D. as well as 2. He has told the story just _ it happened. C A. to B. and C .as D.if 3. The film had been on _ we arrived. B A. while B. when C .how D. if 4. My mother was working _ I was doing my homework. D A. when B

42、. because C .and D. while 5. My brother want to work _ an astronaut when he grows up. C A. in B. for C .as D. like 6. _ time goes on, he finds hid neighbours are kind. C A. when B. while C .as D. if 7. I was having supper_ someone knocked at the door. A A. when B. while C .as D. if 8. Mary is a girl of few words, _ his sister is talkative. B A. when B. while C .as D. if , I will go to the Century Park. doesnt rain know if it will rain (rain) tomorrow, if it dont9. I 10. Can you tell me if it will rain(rain) tomorrow? 11. Hundreds of jobs will be lost(lose) if the factory closes. 【精品文档】第 12 页