09专八阅读真题及答案详解.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流09专八阅读真题及答案详解【精品文档】第 14 页09专八阅读真题及答案详解TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our childrens horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything wed been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we ar

2、e based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones（11题答案C的出处）, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkok later this year, but thought our 11- and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicured boulevards and pristine monum

3、ents.What we didnt foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting our children in danger, referring vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism or just the unknown. To help us get acquainted with the peculiarities of Istanbul and to give our children a chance to choose

4、 what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellent guidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving. Friendly warnings didnt change our planning, although we might have more prudently checked with the U.S. State Departments list of troublespots. We didnt see a lot of children a

5、mong the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul, but we found the tourist areas quite safe, very interesting and varied（12题答案A的出处）enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request is that we not see every single church and museum in a given city.Vaccinations werent needed for the

6、 city, but we were concemed about adapting to the water for a short stay. So we used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precaution that may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy. Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbuls major tour

7、ist sites. This not only got us some morning exercise, strolling over the Karakoy Bridge, but took us past a colorful assortment of fishermen, vendors and shoe shiners. From a teenager and pre-teens view, Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors. They were a

8、t a good age to spend time wandering the labyrinth of the Spice Bazaar, where shops display mounds of pungent herbs in sacks. Doing this with younger children would be harder simply because the streets are so packed with people; it would be easy to get lost.For our two, whose buying experience consi

9、sted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques（13题答案D的出处）, it was amazing to discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up with two of something for the price of one. They also learned to figure out the relative value of the Turkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros

10、.Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especially the enormous Blue Mosque, was our first glimpse into how this major religion is practiced. Our childrens curiosity already had been piqued by the five daily calls to prayer over loudspeakers in every corner o

11、f the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women. Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or in restaurants, was unfailingly popular. Since we had decided this trip was not for gourmets, kebabs spared us the agony of trying to find a restauran

12、t each day that would suit the adults desire to try something new amid childrens insistence that the food be served immediately. Gradually, we branched out to try some other Turkish specialties. Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for every awkward question th

13、at might come up, such as during our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi, the Ottoman Sultans palace. No guides were available so it was do-it-yourself, using our guidebook, which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide could provide（14题答案B的出处）. Next time, we reso

14、lved to make such arrangements in advance.On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, its courtyards and its harem. The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily lef to a learned third party.11. The couple chose Istanbul as their holida

15、y destination mainly becauseA. the city is not too far away from where they lived.B. the city is not on the list of the U.S. State Department.C. the city is between the familiar and the exotic.D. the city is more familiar than exotic.12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The family f

16、ound the city was exactly what they had expected.B. Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan.C. They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along.D. They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city.13. We learn from the couples shopping experience back home thatA. t

17、hey were used to bargaining over price.B. they preferred to buy things outdoors.C. street markets were their favourite.D. they preferred fashion and brand names.14. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in IstanbulA. guidebooks are very useful.B. a professional guide is a

18、must.C. one has to be prepared for questions.D. one has to make arrangements in advance.15. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPTA. religious prayers.B. historical buildings.C. local-style markets.D. shopping mall boutiques. （根据本文，shopping mall boutiques是讲述者在国内购物的去处）TE

19、XT BLast month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming demographic cliff will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labour force.The workforce is ageing across the rich world（16题答案D出处）. Within the

20、EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have i

21、ncreased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35- to 44-year-olds decline by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a looming problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over t

22、heir expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: When the baby-boomer generation retires, many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked out the door, leaving insufficient talent

23、 to fill in the void. Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence, for example, as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decli

24、ne.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work for his engineering co

25、mpany there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow?If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-car

26、e firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected, says the Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government. Near the top of the AARPs latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense industrial-equi

27、pment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deeres 46,000 employees are over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working(17D), telecommuting, and so forth(17A) - also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. The company

28、spends a lot of time on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer（19题答案D出处,根据上下文和ergonimics的字面意思the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environme

29、nts）.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advanced manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labour available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW recently set up a factory in Leip

30、zig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45. Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks（17B）. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000 registered alu

31、mni, and about 25% of its experienced new recruits are former employees who return after an absence. But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found that although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it is not dealing wit

32、h the issue. Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questioned by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are looking to them to fill another

33、gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards - this when the pool of retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of th

34、e reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labour（19题答案D出处）. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supply - whatever the local effect of

35、demographics in the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the need for

36、 workers by spending money on machinery and automation.16. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching retirement would beA. a loss of knowledge and experience to many companies.B. a decrease in the number of 35- to 44- year-olds.C. a continuous increase in the

37、 number of 50-to 64-year-olds.D. its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing.17. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing workforce EXCEPTA. making places of work accommodate the needs of older workers.B. using alumni networks to hire ret

38、ired former employees.C. encouraging former employees to work overseas. D. granting more convenience in working hours to older workers.18. The company spends a lot of time on the ergonomics of its factories (Paragraph Seven) means thatA. the company attaches great importance to the layout of its fac

39、tories.B. the company improves the working conditions in its factories.C. the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factories.D. the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment.19. In the authors opinion American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of

40、the ageing workforce mainly becauseA. they have not been aware of the problem.B. they are reluctant to hire older workers.C. they are not sure of what they should do.D. they have other options to consider.20. Which of the following best describes the authors development of argument?A. introducing th

41、e issue-citing ways to deal with the issue-describing the actual status-offering reasons.B. describing the actual status- introducing the issue-citing ways to deal with the issue-offering reasons. （根据整个文章的结构）C. citing ways to deal with the issue-introducing the issue-describing the actual status-off

42、ering reasons.D. describing the actual status-offering reasons-introducing the issue-citing ways to deal with the issue.TEXT C(1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and

43、 that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of her greater success can b

44、e obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude（21题答案B出处）. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most e

45、levated in his wifes.(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children（22题答案D出处）. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields: Practically never . in a working-class home,

46、will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my exp

47、erience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a Mary Ann.(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or

48、 the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within ra

49、nge and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness（25题答案A出处）. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the womans response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.(5) What does seem cle