UNIT1演示教学.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流UNIT1【精品文档】第 5 页Unit2 (2)Well, thank you for your kind welcome, and for giving me the opportunity to give this brief tour of Literary England. I cant claim its an authoritative tour, as Im not a professional literary specialist. However, I have two amateur passions: one is travel

2、 and the other is reading and English literature in particular. And this lecture is a description of different visits I have made to places in Britain and Ireland, chosen specifically for their close links with well-known writers of what we call the classics of English literature.Just to give you an

3、 overview of the lecture, Im going to start in my home town of London, which is also the home of many well-known writers. But I think that the picture we have in our mind of London has been largely fashioned by the work of Charles Dickens and Shakespeare. Dickensian London is illustrated most clearl

4、y by his book Oliver Twist, and Shakespeares London brings to mind the plays written and performed here, such as Romeo and Juliet. Well also have a look at the memorial of great British writers, Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey.Then off we go to Oxford, another city rich in its literary history. Im

5、 going to focus on the greatest of Oxfords literary alumni, JRR Tolkien, the professor of English who wrote Lord of the Rings, which is now famous throughout the world because of the recent series of films.Then we turn south towards the gentle countryside of Hampshire, home of Jane Austen, where her

6、 various novels, including Pride and Prejudice are set. She also spent a period of her life in the magnificent Georgian city of Bath.Then we turn north to the hills of west Yorkshire where we find Brunt country, so called because it was the home of the three sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brunt.

7、 Perhaps the two best known novels are Charlotte Brunts Jane Eyre, and Emily Brunts Wuthering Heights, also made into successful films.Then up to the north-west, to the stunning land of mountains and lakes which is the Lake District, home of the Lakeland poets. Perhaps its most famous son is William

8、 Wordsworth, whose poem I wandered lonely as a cloud has been learnt by generations of school children not just in Britain, but around the English-speaking world.So thats the basic route round Literary England, although Ill be taking several detours to visit other famous writers whose work contribut

9、es to the glory which is English literature. Lets start.Unit3 (2)Organizers of the London Fashion Show have confirmed today that they will not be following the ban on size zero models which was introduced during similar events in Madrid and Milan. Faced with a disturbing increase in the number of ca

10、ses of the slimmers disease, anorexia, city authorities in Milan and Madrid decided to take action against the appearance in fashion shows of models whose Body Mass Index was less than 18.5the level below which a persons health is considered to be at risk. The ban follows the death of a Mexican mode

11、l that ate salads and drank Coke for three months. She had been told by her model agency that she would be extremely successful in the fashion world, but only if she lost weight. A short while after finishing her catwalk display, she complained of feeling unwell and later died of heart failure. The

12、London Fashion Show was expected to introduce a similar ban on its own size zero modelswhich is a UK size 4, or a European size 32. In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency by designers to use only the slimmest of models who show off their clothes to the best advantage. Critics claimed

13、 that the size zero models encourage young women of all sizes to reduce their weight to unhealthy levels. The Body Mass Index is measured by taking your weight in kilos divided by your height in meters squared. Its considered to be a more accurate measurement of a persons health than the dress size

14、they wear. But it appears that contributors to the London Fashion Show are nervous about Milan and Madrids concern for the health of their fashion models. A spokesperson said, We refuse to comment on or interfere in the creativity of the designers displaying their collections at our show. Others cla

15、imed that designers were not uncaring, and would use their common sense. Its an obvious choice not to use a model that is clearly unhealthy, said one industry insider. One unnamed designer said that he couldnt afford to design dresses in sizes which are more realistic for the average woman. He said

16、that if he made them any bigger, no one would use them in photo shoots for magazines. Its not the designers who are promoting size zero models. Its the fashion magazines and ultimately, its the customersthe people who buy the magazineswho decide what we design and promote in fashion shows. To explor

17、e the different sides of the debate weve invited a couple of leading fashion specialists into the studio.Unit5 (2)The differences between men and women interest everyone. What are these differences exactly? How great are they? To what extent are they due to biology and how much the result of upbring

18、ing? A lot of research has been done on the subject. Tests show, for example, that men tend to be more logical and analytical than women. Their spatial skills are better and theyre better at problem-solving and mathematics. Girls, on the other hand, learn to speak earlier than boys and in general wo

19、men have better verbal skills than men. They are more nurturing, have more empathy and have better social skills.Research suggests that at least some of these differences are a result of our biochemistry and brain function. Brain scans show that men have bigger brains than women. Before men get too

20、excited about this we should point out that both sexes do equally well in intelligence tests. So the fact that men have bigger brains does not mean theyre more intelligent. But there are other important brain differences. Men have more grey matter in their brains and women have more white matter. Be

21、cause of the different ways in which white matter and grey matter function, this could explain why men are better at spatial tasks and mathematics, and women are better at language skills.Now lets take a look at the effect of hormones on the brain. Testosterone is the hormone that makes the body mas

22、culine. Its present in both men and women but obviously theres a lot more of it in men. It seems that testosterone has the effect of making men more interested in systems and less interested in people. This would explain why women have better social skills than men.All this is not to say that its bi

23、ological differences alone that make men and women different. Upbringing is very important too and parents treat boys and girls quite differently. For example, up to the age of two, mothers make more eye contact with daughters and talk to them more. Men are a lot more physical with their sons and pl

24、ay rougher and noisier games with them. Both men and women speak more loudly to boys than to girls and girls are stroked more than boys. We will probably never be able to decide exactly how important upbringing and biology are in creating male and female differences. But the journey of discovery is

25、fascinating.Unit6 (1)Just as Chinese children learn about the emperors of China, English children learn about Englands history through its kings and queens. There have been many more kings than queens but one of the greatest and most loved rulers of England was a woman, Queen Elizabeth I. During her

26、 reign in the second half of the 16th century Elizabeth made England rich from international trade and also defeated one of the most frightening invasions England ever faced.Elizabeths father, King Henry VIII, had six wiveshe divorced two of them and executed two. Elizabeths mother, Queen Anne Boley

27、n, was Henrys second wife and one of those whom he executed, when Elizabeth was three years old.Elizabeth, who was born in 1533, was very intelligent, talented, and, unusually for a woman, received an excellent education. However, for much of her early life she was afraid that she would be executed

28、like her mother. But after the death of her half-brother and half-sister, she became Queen in 1558 at the age of 25. All the rulers of Europe wanted to marry her and Elizabeths advisors also wanted her to marry and have a son. But Elizabeth never did, because she was afraid a husband would try to co

29、ntrol her.One of Elizabeths greatest problems was her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary believed she should have been ruler of England. Believing that her cousin was a danger to her as long as she remained alive, Elizabeth imprisoned Mary in 1568 and finally executed her in 1587.The King of Spain,

30、Philip II, had once wanted to marry Elizabeth but the two countries then became enemies. Mary, Queen of Scots shared the same religion as Philip, and her death gave the King an excuse to go to war with England. At the time Spain was the most powerful country in Europe and in 1558 Philip assembled a

31、huge navy called the Spanish Armada. It sailed for England with the intention of invading it. Queen Elizabeth made a famous speech to her soldiers, in which she said, I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a King of England too. The Span

32、ish Armada was defeated.By the time she died in 1603, Elizabeth was ruler of one of the most powerful and richest countries in the world.UNIT 7 (1)A woman who spent nine months living in her car has had a book accepted by major publisher HarperCollins. The book, an autobiography, is due to be publis

33、hed next spring.The woman, Anya Peters, first came to the attention of the public through a blog in which she kept a diary of her experience of homelessness. Peters, a law graduate in her early 30s, became homeless after a series of difficult events. Unable to pay the rent, she started living in her

34、 car, spending time in institutions such as libraries and hospitals during the day and sleeping in her car at night. Unusually, she did not seek help from charities or hospitals for the homeless. However, her online diary of her experiences, written at public libraries, soon found readers and came t

35、o the attention of one of the largest literary agencies. She was encouraged to turn her experiences and blog into a book, which immediately found a publisher. The advance from the book has enabled Peters to move out of her car into rented accommodation.Anya Peters story has drawn attention to the pr

36、oblems of homeless people in Britain. There are now more than 100,000 families living in temporary accommodation such as hostels. The government recently announced plans to halve the number of these families in the next four years.These figures do not include rough sleepers, people who for various r

37、easons such as domestic violence, family breakdown or unemployment have no money and nowhere to go so find themselves sleeping on the streets. Last year the number of people sleeping rough in England counted on anyone night was 483, with the highest numbers in London. It is estimated that the number

38、 of rough sleepers has fallen by nearly three quarters in the last ten years. While there is a constant movement of people onto the streets, most are helped off the streets into some form of accommodation.Charities play a particularly important part in finding accommodation for rough sleepers, the m

39、ajority of whom are male, with UK nationality, and aged between 26 and 45. Approximately 40-50 per cent have or have had drug or alcohol problems and about the same percentage have been in prison. These figures do not include the hidden homeless, people who become homeless but find a temporary solution by staying with family or friends.