高考英语语法填空--3形容词副词.doc

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1、第三集语法填空核心考点考点突破形容词和副词使表达更准确生动【考向聚焦】往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。对应学生用书P9用适当的形容词或副词填空1(2013福建，31)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy _(af

2、ford)priced bikes.解析根据Those poor and needy teenagers(那些贫穷的青少年)可知，那个商店定价不太昂贵。答案affordably2(2013安徽，33)Its said that the power plant is now_(twice)large as what it was.解析考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数as形容词、副词原级as比较对象。答案twice as3(2013湖北，29)Dont defend him any more.Its obvious that he_(deliberate)destroyed the fence

3、 of the garden even without apology.解析句意：不要再坦护他了。他显然是故意破坏花园栅栏的，而且没有道歉，此处应用副词形式。答案deliberately4(2013江西，24)What a terrible experience！_，youre safe nowthats the main thing.解析考查副词。句意：多么可怕的经历！不管怎样，现在你是安全的，这才是主要的。答案Anyway5(2013辽宁，33)This is by far_(inspire)movie that I have ever seen.解析考查形容词比较等级。根据标志性词语by

4、 far及I have ever seen可知此处使用最高级。句意：这是迄今为止我所看过的最具激励性的电影。答案the most inspiring6(2013浙江，18)If what your friend comes up with surprises you，dont reject it immediately._，imagine that it is true.解析句意：如果你朋友想出的主意让你感到惊奇，不要立刻就反对，还不如设想它是正确的。答案Rather自查自纠表题号123456得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。对应学生用书P9比较级、最高级的考查【典例1】 Of the two

5、 coats，Id choose the _(cheap)one to spare some money for a book.(2010四川)解析从of the two coats可知用比较级。答案cheaper【典例2】 Speaking of all the songs he has written，I think this is probably his _(wellknown)one.(2013全国)解析根据语境all the songs he has written可知用最高级。答案bestknown1The businessman boasts to me that I cant

6、 find a _(good)gold necklace，because his shop deals in the best.解析句意：那位商人向我夸耀说我不可能找到比这更好的金项链，因为他的商店卖的是最好的。结合句意可知，此处是“否定式比较级”表达最高级的含义。答案better近几年有关比较级的高考试题的特点是：试题考查间接化，即很少出现标志性单词as，than，而是通过设置语境，让考生来判断该用原级、比较级还是最高级，这种命题思路无疑增加了试题难度。比较级、最高级前的修饰语【典例3】 After two years research，we now have a _(far)better

7、understanding of the disease.(2013全国)解析从句中的信息词better可看出是考查比较级前的修饰语。为了突出强调或表示程度，比较级前可用much，far，a little，any，some，a bit，even，still，rather，a lot等词修饰；最高级前可被序数词及much，by far，nearly，almost等词修饰。答案far【典例4】 Are you feeling any _(well)?Yes.Im fine now.解析本题暗含比较级的用法，即与过去相比，感受如何。其中any修饰比较级。答案better2The film is，I

8、have to say，not a bit interesting.Why？Its far _(interesting)than the films I have ever seen.解析考查形容词比较级。程度副词far可修饰形容词比较级，置于比较级前。根据前一句语境“这部电影一点也没有趣”可知，后一句意为“为什么？我觉得它比我之前看的那些电影都有趣”。答案more interesting3Youre driving too fast.Can you drive a bit more _(slow)?解析句意：你开车开得太快了。你能开慢一点吗？more修饰slowly，more slowly意

9、为“更慢”；a bit修饰比较级，表示程度，意为“一点”。答案slowly考场揭密：近三年常考的形容词ashamed惭愧的accurate精确的(un)acceptable(不)可接受的accessible容易得到的；可进入的amusing好玩的，逗的amazing令人惊异的attractive有吸引力的annoying讨厌的，烦人的anxious担心的；急切的brilliant聪明的brief简略的casual随意的，漫不经心的complicated复杂的curious好奇的delighted高兴的，愉快的discouraged使丧气的determined坚决的，坚定的energetic精力

10、充沛的extraordinary非同寻常的generous慷慨的instructive指导性的，指示性的independent独立的infrequent不经常的instant立即的impatient不耐心的modest谦虚的negative否定的，负面的potential潜在的promising有前途的restrictive限制的ridiculous荒谬的respectable值得尊敬的scientific科学的stressful有压力的technological技术的troublesome麻烦的，捣蛋的urgent紧急的unconcerned不关心的worthless没用的violent暴力

11、的；猛烈的考场揭密：形容词、副词的常用结构比较结构中放入一个名词时的语序问题常常让人感到棘手，但只要记住了以下句型，问题便能迎刃而解：(1)as/soadj.a/an单数名词asHe is as honest a man as you.(2)a/an比较级adj.单数名词thanThis is a more interesting story than that one.(3)as many复数名词as；as much不可数名词asI can carry as much paper as you can.(4)as much(a/an)名词asIt is generally believed

12、that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为教学既是一种艺术也是一门科学。固定搭配【典例5】 He began to take political science _(serious)only when he left school.(2013湖北)解析take.seriously重视，认真对待。答案seriously【典例6】 Its hard for him playing against me.Ive got nothing to play for，but for him，he needs to win so _(ba

13、d)(2013湖南)解析so badly意为“非常急切地”。答案badly【典例7】 Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.The job is _ I could do myself.(2013福建)解析more than表示“超过”。答案more than1no more than意为“仅仅，至多”；not more than意为“不多于，不超过”。如：Its no more than a mile to the shop.离商店只有一英里。Ill stay here not more than three days.我将待在这里不超过三天。2no more.than

14、译为“和一样不”，than前后两部分在意义上都是否定的。not more.than可译为“不如”。如：He is no more diligent than you.你不勤奋，他也不勤奋。He is not more diligent than you.他不像你那样勤奋。4Must I turn off the gas after cooking?Of course.You can never be _ careful with that.解析考查英语中固定句型“cannot/can never be too.”。意为“越越好”或“再也不过分”。句意为“你越小心越好”。答案too5(2012新

15、课标全国)This restaurant wasnt _(的一半好)that other restaurant we went to.解析考查倍数表达法。句意：这家饭店还不如我们以前去的那家饭店的一半好。本句所用到的倍数表达法的结构是“倍数词as.as.”。在此结构中，应把倍数词放在as.as的前面。答案half as good as6_(十名强壮的中国青年)students are required to take part in the boat race.解析要符合“限定词(ten)描绘性形容词(strong)年龄(young)国籍(Chinese)名词”的顺序。答案Ten strong

16、 young Chinese口诀：多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。对应学生用书P11用适当的形容词或副词填空1China is _ country in Asia.That is，it is larger than _ country in Asia，and it is larger than _ country in Africa.解析句意：中国是亚洲最大的国家，比其他任何亚洲国家都大，比非洲任何一个国家都大。中国属于亚洲，不属于非洲，所以第二个空填any other，第三个空填any。答案the largest；any other；

17、any2Sometimes the same word has slightly different meaning，which can be _(confuse)解析句意：有时候，同一个单词意义有一点细微的差别，这让人困惑。副词修饰形容词一般前置，“令人困惑的”是用现在分词形式的形容词confusing。答案confusing3Well have to wait a _(far)two weeks to know the examination result.解析far的比较级形式有两个：farther和further。further意为“更进一步的”，“更多的”，符合句意。如果用more，

18、要用two more weeks。答案further4Chen Yifei(19462005)，who died in his _ fifties，was a most successful artist.解析in ones late fifties意为“在某人五十来岁时”。答案late5Dont you think Jim was brave to go bungee jumping?Personally，I thought he was _(mad)than brave.解析句意：吉姆去蹦极你不觉得勇敢吗？我个人认为他是疯了，而不是勇敢。more.than可以将两个不同品质的形容词放在一起

19、比较。答案more mad6The salesman showed her several MP3s and she chose _(expensive)one as she didnt want to spend too much money on it.解析几个MP3中最便宜的，要用最高级表示。expensive为多音节形容词，所以应为the least expensive。答案the least expensive7Interviews were carried out _(official)over the telephone，via email or fax or face to f

20、ace in four cities including Beijing，Shanghai，Guangzhou and Wuhan.解析根据句意，进行正式的访谈(如通过电话、电子邮件、传真或面谈)，应选副词officially。答案officially8When did you first meet Tom?The first day I came to this city，_(确切地说)，on May 2.解析or rather意为“确切地说”。答案or rather9I have $50，but that isnt _(near)enough for my journey fare.解析n

21、ot nearly意为“远远不(够)”。答案nearly10The government should think about the medical reform again and make sure of medical care，in my opinion._(much)The medical services and efficiency are not good at the moment.解析从语境上看，答话人表示赞成上文所叙述的情况。I cannot agree more.意为“我再同意不过了”。答案more第四集语法填空核心考点考点突破连词与介词语言学习的基础,【考向聚焦】历

22、年高考题中至少有一道题要考到连词或介词。介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如with，beyond。连词考查较多的有：but和while，“祈使句and/or并列句”中的and和or；另外，for作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。对应学生用书P12用适当的连词或介词填空1(2013安徽，22)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library_a book about it.解析考查介词。句意：在

23、你去一个名胜旅行之前，在你当地的图书馆寻找一本关于它的书。本题关键在于认识到动词look与选项中的介词搭配构成固定短语的时候，其中隔有短语in your local library。答案for2(2013福建，29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _ the way whenever she tries to.解析考查介词短语。句意：史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西有困难，因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。答案in3(2013湖北，30)An artist wh

24、o was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered_ chance a long lost antique Greek vase.解析考查短语辨析。此处表示“偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古希腊花瓶”。答案by4(2013北京，26)I have an appointment _ Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.解析考查介词。短语为have an appointment with sb，意为“与某人预约、约会”。答案with5(2013新课标，11)A serious study

25、 of physics is impossible_some knowledge of mathematics.解析考查介词。句意：如果没有一点数学知识，要认真研究物理是不可能的。答案without6(2013新课标，34)It was a real race_time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it.解析考查介词。句意：为了完成这项工程，这真是与时间的一次赛跑。答案against7(2013新课标，32)Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_an

26、other man，also intelligent，fails.解析考查并列连词。根据句意，前后两句话为两种情况的对比“一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明，但是失败了”。并列连词while表示对比。答案while8(2013重庆，23)Its not easy to change habits，_ with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible.解析考查并列连词。句意：改变习惯不易，但如果是有意识和有自我控制能力的话，还是有可能的。前后为转折关系，用并列连词but。答案but对应学生用书P12介词的普通用法【典例1】 Four Chi

27、nese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.(2009上海)解析考查介词的用法。among表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”。根据题干中“在获奖的14个人里边，中国模特占4人”可知。答案among【典例2】 He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.(2009陕西)解析考查介词的用法。at Christmas表示在圣诞期间；介词on后接具体的某一天。此处表示在圣诞节前夕，故用介词o

28、n。答案on【典例3】 Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name，not case number.(2010江西)解析句意：如今一些医院以名字来叫病人，而不是以病历号。考查固定短语。by表“方式”。答案by【典例4】 _ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious，the government is searching for ways to improve peoples life.(2013扬州调研)解析句意：随着经济危机变得越来越严重，政府正在想方设法改善人们的生活。这里t

29、he crisis of economy getting more and more serious是一个短语，所以应该用介词with，表示伴随；而as，when和if后面都要跟句子。答案With1When do we need to pay the balance?_ September 30.解析by后接时间点，意为“不迟于”，“在之前”。答案By2Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch.解析句意：子弹以一寸之差未击中上尉的头部。by可表示时间、空间、距离等数量的相差。答案by3A great person is a

30、lways putting others interests _ his own.解析句意：伟人总是把他人的利益置于个人利益之上。above意为“在上方”符合句意。答案above4_ the production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year.解析句意：由于产量增长了60%，该公司又有一个丰收年。答案With介词with的用法主要有1表示“和在一起”，“由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。2表示“随着”W

31、ith time passing，they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。3with后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。4表示“具有；带有；包括在内”China is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。5表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling with fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。介词短语【典例5】 When asked a

32、bout their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ favor of younger men.(2011湖北，30)解析句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。考查介词短语辨析。句中的step aside表示“让位，让开”，后面接介词短语in favor of表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。答案in【典例6】 More and more highrise buildings have been built in big c

33、ities _ lack of space.(2010福建)解析“介词名词介词短语”多由in和for开头，常见的有in favour of(赞成)，in honour of(为了纪念，为向表示敬意，为庆祝)，for fear of(以免)等，如for lack of(由于缺乏)。答案for【典例7】We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and _ return，dogs give us their all.(2010江西)解析“介词名词”构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点，因此，熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由by，fo

34、r，in，on等“活跃介词名词”构成，如by chance/accident(偶然)，on purpose(故意)，in return(反过来)。答案in5Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?解析考查介词。句意：你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧了？across表示“从一边到另一边”，符合句意。答案across6An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.解析考查介词的用法。句意：达成协议似乎

35、不可能，因为大多数委员会成员反对。against“反对”，符合句意。答案against1动词介词account for说明agree on对达成协议begin with以开始come across碰见go into调查keep from阻止look for寻找stand for代表agree with 同意(某人意见)answer for对负责wait for等待decide on对作出决定head for向前进live on靠生活look into调查stick to坚持agree to同意(某种安排等)aim at针对call for要求get into进入hear from接到的信、电话

36、look after照顾run into碰到wait on招待2动词副词介词add up to合计达come up with提出get on with与相处融洽look down upon看不起look up to敬仰(某人)put up with忍受come up against遭到反对do away with废除keep up with跟上look forward to盼望make up for弥补stand out for坚决要求come up to达到get down to开始认真考虑live up to不辜负(期望)look out for当心run out of用完stick ou

37、t for坚持要求3动词名词介词catch sight of突然看见make room for为腾出地方take pride in以为荣make friends with和交朋友pay attention to注意show interest in对感兴趣make fun of取笑take care of照顾take part in参加含有介词的成语【典例8】 We hadnt planned to meet.We met _ chance.解析by chance为固定搭配，意为“偶然”。答案by【典例9】 His efforts to raise money for his program w

38、ere _ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.解析句意：他为这个项目筹集资金的努力徒劳无功，因为没有人愿意从腰包里掏一分钱。in vain意为“徒劳”，符合句意。答案in7He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.解析句意：他是一个好学生，大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过，多于”，符合句意。答案above8Sometimes proper answers

39、are not far to seek _ food safety problems.解析考查介词。句意：有时候，解决食品安全问题的答案并不太难寻求。answer to表示“(问题)的答案”，是固定搭配。本句中的food safety problems被从proper answers的后面移至现在的位置，从而加大了此题的解题难度。答案to揭密常考的介词成语(1)含有at的成语at a time一次at least至少at the same time同时at all costs不惜一切代价at most至多at times有时候at first最初at once立即at will任意地at la

40、st最后at present目前at work起作用(2)含有by的成语by accident偶然by day/night白天/夜间by heart能背诵by turns轮流by birth出身by no means绝不by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下by chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说一下(3)含有in的成语in a sense从某种意义上说in case假使in fact实际上in ones opinion在某人看来in other words换句话说in short总之in the long run从长远

41、来看in advance事先in store必将发生in general一般说来in no time立刻in public公开地in vain徒劳in time及时in the meantime同时in danger处于危险中in turn轮流in order井井有条in return作为回报in the end最后in all总共(4)含有on的成语on average平均on foot步行on sale在出售on the way在途中on business出差on holiday在休假on strike罢工on time准时on duty值日on behalf of代表on the con

42、trary相反on the spot当场on fire着火on purpose故意地on the other hand另一方面(5)含有out of的成语out of breath气喘吁吁out of date过时out of order发生故障out of patience失去耐心out of work失业out of control失去控制out of doors 在户外out of question毫无疑问out of reach拿不到out of the question不可能out of danger脱险out of fashion不合时尚out of luck倒霉out of sh

43、ape变形out of touch失去联系并列连词【典例10】 Find ways to praise your children often，_ youll find they will open their hearts to you.(2011山东)解析句意：设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。考查并列连词。从句意连贯判断应用and表顺承关系。答案and【典例11】 They wanted to charge $5，000 for the car，_we managed to bring the price down.解析两个分句之间是转折关系，故用并列连词but。答

44、案but【典例12】 In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.解析此处是对women和men的分工进行对比，故用while，而不用but。答案while【典例13】 John plays basketball well，_ his favorite is badminton.解析yet是并列连词，表示转折。答案yet【典例14】 He found it increasingly difficult to read，_ his eyesight was

45、beginning to fail.解析for在此引出表示原因的并列分句。答案for【典例15】 Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better.解析此并列句的结构为“祈使句and陈述句”。祈使句表示条件，and在此引出表示结果的并列分句。答案and9Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can，_ you will see more progress over time.解析这是一个“祈使句and陈述句”结构。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果，所以用and。答案and10I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first