Unit11第一课时语法宾语从句.ppt

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1、Can/Will/WouldLearning Aims:学习目标学习目标主要目标：主要目标：1.弄清什么是宾语从句。弄清什么是宾语从句。 2.使用宾语从句应考虑使用宾语从句应考虑 哪些方面？哪些方面？ 3.正确地使用宾语从句。正确地使用宾语从句。重重 点点：什么是宾语从句，使用：什么是宾语从句，使用 宾语从句时应考虑哪些宾语从句时应考虑哪些 方面？方面？ 难难 点点： 宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句的语序和时态。 Lead-in：Read the following sentences ,then find out what the object clause is. 阅读下面的句子，然后弄清

2、什么是宾语从句。阅读下面的句子，然后弄清什么是宾语从句。 1.I know that Tom is a good student. 1.I knew that Tom was a good student2.I want to know if/whether you like English. 2.I wanted to know if/whether you liked English.3.I dont know what he likes eating.3.I didnt know what he liked eating.宾语从句：一个从句宾语从句：一个从句在复合句中充当主句动词在复合句

3、中充当主句动词 的的宾语宾语就叫做就叫做宾语从句宾语从句。 宾语从句宾语从句是主从复合句中的一种从句。是主从复合句中的一种从句。所谓所谓主从复合句主从复合句就是由一个主句和一个或一个就是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是复合句的主体，以上的从句构成的句子。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。不能独立。 从句在复合句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句从句在复合句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。从句分别可在复合句中充当主语、宾语、定语、从句分别可在复合句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语。表语、状语。 由从属连词由从

4、属连词thatthat引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 如何将主句和宾语从句连接起来呢？如何将主句和宾语从句连接起来呢？1.陈述句充当宾语从句：陈述句充当宾语从句：2.一般疑问句充当宾语从句：一般疑问句充当宾语从句：3.特殊疑问句充当宾语从句：特殊疑问句充当宾语从句：需要用到连词。连词位于主句动词后，连接主句和宾需要用到连词。连词位于主句动词后，连接主句和宾语从句。不同的

5、句式充当宾语从句有不同的连词语从句。不同的句式充当宾语从句有不同的连词注意注意：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略在口语当中往往省略He will be back in an hour. 一小时后他会回来一小时后他会回来He missed us very much. 他非常想念我们。他非常想念我们。The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转地球围着太阳转 。陈述句充当宾语从句时，连词用陈述句充当宾语从句时，连词用that陈陈述述句句He tells mehe will be back in

6、an hour. he missed us very much. the earth moves around the sun.that主句是一般现在时，主句是一般现在时，从句依据原句时态从句依据原句时态不变。不变。注意注意：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略在口语当中往往省略He will be back in an hour. 一小时后他会回来一小时后他会回来He missed us very much. 他非常想念我们。他非常想念我们。The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转地球

7、围着太阳转 。陈述句充当宾语从句时，连词用陈述句充当宾语从句时，连词用that陈陈述述句句I heardhe would be back in an hour. he missed us very much. the earth moves around the sun.that客观真理客观真理主句是一般过去时，从句主句是一般过去时，从句时态要做对应变化（除开时态要做对应变化（除开客观真理）客观真理）一般现在一般现在一般过去一般过去一般将来在一般将来在过去将来过去将来现在进行现在进行过去进行过去进行现在完成现在完成过去完成过去完成一般疑问句充当宾语从句，连词用一般疑问句充当宾语从句，连词用wh

8、ether, if（是否）是否） if (whether) he will go to the park with us. whether (if) he can come. whether it is going to rain or not.当句末有当句末有or not时，连词只能用时，连词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.Will he go to the park with us?Can he come? Is it going to rain or not? 一一般般疑疑问问句句I want to know主句是一般现在时，主句是一般现在时，从句依据原句时态从句依据原句时态不

9、变。不变。特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！一般疑问句充当宾语从句，连词用一般疑问句充当宾语从句，连词用whether, if（是否）是否） if (whether) he would go to the park with us . whether (if) he could come. whether it was going to rain or not.当句末有当句末有or not时，连词只能用时，连词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.Will he go to the park with us?Can he come? Is it

10、 going to rain or not? 一一般般疑疑问问句句I wanted to know主句是一般过去时，从句主句是一般过去时，从句时态要做对应变化（除开时态要做对应变化（除开客观真理）客观真理）一般现在一般现在一般过去一般过去一般将来一般将来过去将来过去将来现在进行现在进行过去进行过去进行现在完成现在完成过去完成过去完成特别提示：宾语从句一定要用特别提示：宾语从句一定要用 陈述句语序哟！陈述句语序哟！特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词及连接副词 when, where, how,

11、 why1.Who could answer the question? （who做主语做主语）2.Which is smaller,the earth or the moon? （which做主语做主语）3.Whose handwriting was the best in the class? （whose handwriting 做主语做主语）4.Whom are they waiting for?5.When will we have a meeting?7.How can I get to the station?8.How long has he been here?9.Why d

12、oes he like eating tomatoes?10.Where did he go just now?特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词及连接副词 when, where, how, why1.Do you know ?1.Who could answer the question? 2.Which is smaller,the earth or the moon?3.Whose handwriting was the best in the class?4.Whom they a

13、re waiting for?5.When we will have a meeting?7.How I can get to the station?8.How long he has been here?9.Why he likes eating tomatoes?10.Where he went just now?主句是一般现在时，主句是一般现在时，从句依据原句时态从句依据原句时态不变。不变。特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词what, whom, whose, which,

14、 what及连接副词及连接副词 when, where, how, why1.Who could answer the question? 2.Which was smaller,the earth or the moon?3.Whose handwriting was the best in the class?4.Whom they were waiting for?5.When we would have a meeting?7.How I could get to the station?8.How long he had been here?9.Why he liked eating

15、 tomatoes?10.Where he went just now?2.Did you know ?主句是一般过去时，主句是一般过去时，从句时态要做对应变从句时态要做对应变化（除开客观真理）化（除开客观真理）一般现在一般现在一般过去一般过去一般将来一般将来过去将来过去将来现在进行现在进行过去进行过去进行现在完成现在完成过去完成过去完成特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，用连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词及连接副词 when, where, ho

16、w, why3.Could you tell me ?1.Who could answer the question? 2.Which is smaller,the earth or the moon?3.Whose handwriting was the best in the class?4.Whom they are waiting for?5.When we will have a meeting?7.How I can get to the station?8.How long he has been here?9.Why he likes eating tomatoes?10.Wh

17、ere he went just now?此句型只表示说话此句型只表示说话的语气委婉，不表的语气委婉，不表达过去式，因此从达过去式，因此从句的时态不需要改句的时态不需要改变。只考虑语序。变。只考虑语序。特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！特别提示：宾语从句一定要用陈述句语序哟！ 难点突破（难点突破（时态、语序时态、语序）Could you please tell me （仅表委婉，不表过去（仅表委婉，不表过去） 1.Where is W.C? 2. Where can I find W.C? 3. Which is the way to W.C? 4. Is there a W.C nea

18、r here? 5. How will we get to W.C?1.where W.C is? 2. where I can find W.C? 3. which is the way to W.C? 4. if there is a W.C near here? 5. how we will get to W.C?语序：疑问句充当宾语从句语序：疑问句充当宾语从句一般一般将将主谓交换位置主谓交换位置变为陈述句语序变为陈述句语序时态：由主句谓语动词的时态确定宾语从句的时态时态：由主句谓语动词的时态确定宾语从句的时态难点突破难点突破（不含不含do,does,did助动词的疑问句充当助动词的疑问

19、句充当 宾语从句）宾语从句）Do you know ?Did you know? 1.Where is W.C? 2. Where can I find W.C? 3. Which（做主语）（做主语） is the way to W.C? 4. Is there a W.C near here? 5. How will we get to W.C?1.where W.C is/was ? 2. where I can/I could find W.C? 3. which is/was the way to W.C? 4. if there is/was a W.C near here? 5.

20、how we will/we would get to W.C?Do you knowDid you know语序：疑问句充当宾语从句语序：疑问句充当宾语从句一般一般将将主谓交换位置主谓交换位置变为陈述句语序变为陈述句语序时态：由主句的时态确定从句的时态时态：由主句的时态确定从句的时态难点突破难点突破（含含do ,does,did助动词的疑问句充当宾语从句）助动词的疑问句充当宾语从句）I dont know 1. Does your sister need to rest? 2. Did Jim come here?3.Where do they live? 4. What does he l

21、ike to do? 5. When did she finish the work? 1. if /whether your sister needs to rest. 2. if/whether Jim came here.3.where they live. 4. what he likes to do. 5. when she finished the work.I dont know 含含do,does,did助动词的疑问句充当宾语从句，将其去掉，再助动词的疑问句充当宾语从句，将其去掉，再根据主句动词的时态，把宾语从句的动词作相应变化。根据主句动词的时态，把宾语从句的动词作相应变化。

22、 难点突破难点突破I didnt know 1. Does your sister need to rest? 2. Did Jim come here?3.Where do they live? 4. What does he like to do? 5. When did she finish the work? 1. if /whether your sister needed to rest. 2. if/whether Jim came here.3.where they lived. 4. what he liked to do. 5. when she finished the

23、work.I didnt know 含含do,does,did助动词的疑问句充当宾语从句，将其去掉，再助动词的疑问句充当宾语从句，将其去掉，再根据主句动词的时态，把宾语从句的动词作相应变化。根据主句动词的时态，把宾语从句的动词作相应变化。 主句是过去时态主句是过去时态宾语从句的否定前移宾语从句的否定前移 当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，若宾语从句是等时，若宾语从句是否定的意思，一般将否定词移到主句谓语中，否定的意思，一般将否定词移到主句谓语中，宾语从句则用肯定式。宾语从句则用肯定式。 eg:我认为你不擅长于英语

24、。我认为你不擅长于英语。 I dont think (that) you are good at English. 宾语从句口诀宾语从句口诀 宾语从句五注意，宾语从句五注意， 时态时态-语序语序-连接词连接词， 句末标点句末标点随主定，随主定， 客观真理客观真理不变更。不变更。 宾语从句具体变化宾语从句具体变化 2.时态时态 主句动词是一般现在时，从句时态依据原句时态不变。主句动词是一般现在时，从句时态依据原句时态不变。主句动词是一般过去时，从句时态要对应变化为过主句动词是一般过去时，从句时态要对应变化为过去有关的时态，有去有关的时态，有4种对应变化。种对应变化。（除开客观真理）（除开客观真理

25、）3.语序：语序： 1.连词连词 4.标点：标点： 由从句句式由从句句式确定确定由主句动词由主句动词时态确定时态确定从句是陈述句从句是陈述句-连词用连词用that从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句-连词用连词用if/whether从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句-连词用疑问句词本身连词用疑问句词本身一律用陈述句语序。即：一律用陈述句语序。即：（主句动词）（主句动词）+连词连词+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+（宾语）（宾语）+其它其它主句是陈述句，句末用句号。主句是陈述句，句末用句号。陈述句陈述句由主句句式由主句句式确定确定主句是疑问句，句末用问号。主句是疑问句，句末用问号。直接引语变间接引语与宾语

26、从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 直接引语变间接引语，实际上就是变为一个宾语从句直接引语变间接引语，实际上就是变为一个宾语从句直接引语变间接引语的方法：直接引语变间接引语的方法：一定连词一定连词二定语序二定语序三定时态三定时态四定动词四定动词 （主、从动词）（主、从动词） 五定人称五定人称六定指代六定指代七定地点七定地点八定时间八定时间九定标点九定标点一定连词一定连词二定语序二定语序三定时态三定时态从句是陈述句从句是陈述句-连词用连词用that从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句-连词用连词用if/whether从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句-连词用疑问句词本身连词用疑问句词本身主句

27、动词是一般现在时，从句时态依据原句时态不变。主句动词是一般现在时，从句时态依据原句时态不变。主句动词是一般过去时，从句时态要对应变化为过主句动词是一般过去时，从句时态要对应变化为过去有关的时态，有去有关的时态，有4种对应变化。种对应变化。（除开客观真理）（除开客观真理）一律用陈述句语序。即：一律用陈述句语序。即：（主句动词）（主句动词）+连词连词+主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+宾语宾语+其它其它四定动词四定动词从句为陈述句，主句动词后无宾语时，用从句为陈述句，主句动词后无宾语时，用said, 主句动词后有宾语时主句动词后有宾语时,said/said to改为改为told从句为疑问句，主句动词常用

28、从句为疑问句，主句动词常用asked,didnt know,从句为祈使句时，主句动词常用从句为祈使句时，主句动词常用asked,told主句主句动词动词从句从句动词动词 come改为改为go 祈使句根据肯定或否定祈使句根据肯定或否定 ，改为，改为 肯定或否定的动肯定或否定的动词不定式：词不定式：to do 或或not to do 五定人称五定人称 直接引语中人称的变化应遵循：直接引语中人称的变化应遵循： 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。六定指代：六定指代：七定地点：七定地点：八定时间：八定时间：九定标点：九定标点：近指变为远指：近指变为远指：thisthat;t

29、hesethose近指变为远指：近指变为远指：here-theretomorrowthe next day,next monththe next month与主句一致与主句一致。直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系e.g. ： 1. He said to me, “You are younger than I ”.（陈述句）（陈述句） He told me that I was younger than him. 2.“Do you want to come here,Linda?” Jack asked.（一般疑问）（一般疑问）直接引语变间接引语，实际上就是变

30、为一个宾语从句直接引语变间接引语，实际上就是变为一个宾语从句3.“What will you use this to do?” Joe asked her sister（特殊（特殊4.“Do it like this,boys.” John said.（肯定祈使句）（肯定祈使句） 5.“Dont sit here .”Mr Liu said to us.（否定祈使句）（否定祈使句） Jack asked Linda if /whether she wanted to go there.Joe asked her sister what she would use that to do.John

31、 asked boys to do it like that.Mr Liu asked us not to sit there.根据直接引语的句式特点确定连词根据直接引语的句式特点确定连词从从 句句 的的 句句 式式连连 接词接词 陈陈 述述 句句that一般疑问句一般疑问句if (whether)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词祈使句祈使句肯定句肯定句to+动词原形动词原形否定句否定句not to+ 动词原形动词原形3.根据主句动词的时态确定宾语从句的时态根据主句动词的时态确定宾语从句的时态 2. 语序：一律变成陈述句语序：一律变成陈述句 主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连

32、接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时宾语从句口诀：宾语从句口诀：直接引语变间接引语口诀：直接引语变间接引语口诀：宾语从句五注意，宾语从句五注意， 时态时态语序语序连接词连接词 句末标点句末标点随主定，随主定， 客观真理客观真理不变更不变更。考虑十个方面：考虑十个方面： 时态语序连接词，时态语序连接词， 句末标点和真理。句末标点和真理。 指代、人

33、称和谓动，指代、人称和谓动， 地点、时间要慎重。地点、时间要慎重。 Summary 典型例题解析典型例题解析【例例1】Do you know _? Next year. A. when he come B. when did he come C. when he will come D. when will he come 【例例2】 Could you tell us _? A. when you will send the fridge to our house B. when will you send the fridge to our house C. when you would

34、send the fridge to our house D. when would you send the fridge to our house【例例3】 Mr King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home C A D【例例4】Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the mus

35、eum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping【例例5】 -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. whom D. which【例例6】 -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how

36、 we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office B C A【例例7】 I want to know _you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether【例例8】 The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interest

37、ed in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted【例例9】 Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had【例例10】Its up to you to decide _youll g

38、o there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. whenD AC A将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back in

39、a week.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with us. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come/go back in a week. Jim asked if

40、he was doing his homework. 当堂检测当堂检测7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tel

41、l me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 当堂检测当堂检测1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of t

42、he Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been travels are

43、talking were were doing 当堂检测当堂检测10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the sun. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ for several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid 当堂检测当堂检测2022-8-1136