2022年人教版八年级下册英语语法解析知识重点总结 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载新目标英语八年级(下)重点短语及句型总Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. fewer people 更少的人（ fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定）2. less free time 更少的空闲时间（less 修饰不可数名词，表示否定）3. in ten years 10年后（ in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon ）4. fall in love with 爱上 例： When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once. 当我第一次见到许老师

2、，我立刻爱上他。5. live alone 单独居住6. feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/ go alone 等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely. 那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独。7. keep/ feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon 飞上月球9. hundreds of + 复数数百 /几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of ）10. the same as 和 相同11. A be

3、 different from B A 与 B 不同(= There is a difference/ Thgere are differences between A and B) 12. wake up 醒来 (wake sb. up 表示 “ 唤醒某人 ”)13. get bored 变得厌倦（ get/ become 是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/ angry/ excited 等）14. go skating 去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/ fishing / skating/ bike riding 等）15. lots of/ a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不

4、可数名词都可以）16. at the weekends 在周末17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习18. agree with sb. 同意某人 (的意见 ) 19. I dont agree. = I disagree. 我不同意。20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（注意paper/ information/ news/ work/ homework/ housework 等常考到的不可数名词）21. on vacation 度假22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth. 帮助某人做某事精选学习资

5、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里； live on the twelfth floor 住在 12 楼25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332 号26. as a reporter 作为一名记者27. look smart 显得精神 /看起来聪明28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗？29. in th

6、e future 在将来 /在未来30. no more = not anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）31. no longer = not any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）32. besides （除 之外还，包括）与except = but （除 之外，不包括）33. be able to 与 can 能；会（be able to 用于各种时态，而can 只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to 用于各种时态，而must 只能用于一般现在时态）例如： I have been able to/ will be able to speak two l

7、anguages. （不可以用can ） had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must ）34. be big and crowded 大而且拥挤34. be in college 在上大学35. live on a space station 住在空间站36. dress casually 穿得很随意； casual clothing 休闲服饰37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯； win award 获奖38. come true 变成现实39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间40. be

8、fun to watch 看起来有趣41. over and over again 一次又一次42. be in different shapes 形状不同43. twenty years from now 今后 20 年本单元目标句型：1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years? 2. There will be fewer trees、 more buildings and less pollution in the future. fewer ；less 表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more 二者都可以修饰。3

9、. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/ Yes, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载they will 。4. Predicting the future can be difficult. 5. I need to look smart for my job interview. 6. I will be able to dress more casually. 7. I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation, and

10、 one day I might even visit Australia. 8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now? 9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago. 本单元语法讲解：一般将来时1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词： 含 tomorrow; next 短语；in + 段时间；

11、how soon ； by + 将来时间；by the time sb. do ； 祈使句句型中： or/ and sb. will do ； 在时间 /条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；another day 比较 be going to 与 will: be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来

12、势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有 “ 计划，准备 ” 的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4. 在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用will 。如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 掌握了它们

13、的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to 与 will 了。 5. 祈使句句型中：or/ and sb. will do 例： Be quick, or you will be late = If you dont be quick, you will be late 6. 在时间 /条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时Unit 2 What should I do? 1. too loud 太大声精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载2. out of style 过时的3.

14、in style 流行的4. call sb. up = ring sb. up = call/ ring/ phone sb. 给 打电话5. enough money 足够的钱 (enough 修饰名词时不必后置) 6. busy enough 够忙 (enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 7. a ticket to/ for a ball game 一张球赛的门票注意： the key to the lock/ the key (answer) to the question)/ the solution to the problem. 此处几个短语不能用of 表示所有格8. t

15、alk about 谈论9. on the phone 用电话10. pay for 付款11. spend on +sth. = spend ( in) doing sth. 在 花钱12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花 的时间13. borrow from 从 借( 借进来 ) 14. lend to 把 借给 (借出去 ) 15. You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。 （不用borrow 或 lend ）16. buy sth. for sb. 为 买东西17. tell sb. to d

16、o/ not to do sth. 告诉某人做某事18. want sb. to do sth. = would like sb. to do 想某人做某事19. find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白20. play ones stereo 放录象21. fail the test = not pass the test 考试不及格22. fail in (doing) sth. 在 上失败 ,变弱23. succeed in (doing) sth. 在 方面成功24. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信25. surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类

17、似有：surprise/ interest/ please/ amaze + 某人）26. to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是27. to ones joy 使某人高兴的是28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）29. get/ find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）30. ask sb. for 寻求 /向某人要某物31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵33. have a fight w

18、ith sb. = fight with 与某人打架精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载34. drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去35. prepare for = get ready for 为 做准备36. after-school clubs (activities) 课外俱乐部（活动）be/ get used to doing 习惯做某事used to do 过去经常 /常常做某事be used for doing = be used to do sth. 被用于做某事37. fil

19、l up 填补；装满 ；be full of 装满38. return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人39. get on/ along well with 与 相处很好40. all kinds of 各种各样41. as much as possible = as much as you can 尽可能多42. take part in = join in 参加（某种活动/集会）43. a bit = a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）44. a bit of = a little 一点儿 /一些（当修饰不可数名词时

20、）45. be angry with 生 的气46. by oneself = on ones own 某人自己 /独自地47. on the one hand 一方面48. on the other hand 另一方面49. I find/ feel/ think it difficult to do 我发现 /感到/认为做某事很难。50. see/ hear/ watch sb. doing sth. 看到 /听见 /注视某人正在做51. not until 直到 才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/ become + upset/ tired/ e

21、xcited/ interested/ worried/ surprised/ amazed/ annoyed 说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed 结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词 .）例如 : I was surprised/ interested/ amazed when I heard the surprising/ interesting/ amazing news. 53. radio advice program 电台提建议的节目54. be original 新颖的55. leave something somewh

22、ere 把某物忘在某处56. sports clothes 运动服57. the same age as = as old as 和 年龄一样58. the tired children 疲惫不堪的孩子59. complain about (doing sth.) 抱怨 60. take their children from activity to activity 带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载61. try to do sth. 尽量干某事； try doing

23、 sth. 试着干某事62. be under too much pressure 压力太大63. a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈64. take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部65. compepition starts from a very young age竞争从很小年纪就开始了66. compare with 和 比较67. organized activities 有组织的活动本单元目标句型：1. Whats wrong (with you)?/ Whats the matter? 2. What should I do?

24、我该怎么办？3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信。You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉。4. They shouldnt argue. 他们不应该争吵。5. Why dont you talk to him about it? = Why not talk to him about it? = You should/ could talk to him about it. = What/ How about talking to him about it. = Youd better talk to him ab

25、out it. 6. The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives. 7. Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes. Thirty people, including six children (six children included), went to visit the factory. 8. People shouldnt push their children so hard. 9. Parents a

26、re trying to plan their kids lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves. Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 1. in front of 在 的前面（外部），in the front of 在 的前面（内部）2. in the library 在图书馆3. get out of/ get into 出 之外 /进入4. sleep late 睡

27、懒觉； sleep well 睡得好； get to sleep = fall asleep 睡着5. walk down/ along 沿 走精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载6. take off ( 飞机 )起飞；脱下（衣帽）7. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上注意 :（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）8. in the tree 在树上； on the tree 在树上9. take photos 照相10. at the train sta

28、tion 在火车站11. run away 跑开，逃跑12. as + adj. 原形 as 和 一样 例如： She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he (him) 13. buy/ draw/ make sth. for sb. 为某人买 /画/制作14. walk home 走回家15. in history 在历史上16. for example 例如17. in the city of 在 市18. on the playground 在操场上19. ten minutes ago 十分钟前20.

29、take place 发生（强调必然性）21. happen to sth./ sb. 发生（强调偶然性）例如： What has happened to you? = Whats the matter with you? = Whats wrong with you? 22. of course = sure = certainly 当然23. all over the world = around the world 遍及全世界24. outside/ inside the station 在车站外 /内25. next to 相邻，紧贴26. close to 接近于；在附近27. be

30、 ill in hospital/ bed 生病住院 /卧床28. hear about/ of 听说（间接听到）29. in silence 沉默不语； keep silent 保持沉默30. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历31. have fun doing sth. 干某事有乐趣； have difficult time doing sth. 干某事有困难32. have meaning to 对 有意义33. become the first Chinese astronaut in space成为中国第一个太空宇航员34. a national hero

31、 一个民族英雄35. be famous all over the world 全世界出名36. for the first time 第一次精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载本单元目标句型: What were you doing when I arrived/ at that time/ at 8:00 last night/ from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? 1. I was doing sth. when + 一般过去时的时间状语从句2. How about = W

32、hat about ?3. While sth./ sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. .4. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed? 5. 当妈妈正在做饭时， 我在看电视。While my mother was cooking, I was watching TV. 6. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me. 7. You can image how strange it was.

33、 8. I followed to see where it was going. 9. Isnt that amazing! 10. She didnt thinking about looking outside the station. 11. I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed. 12. Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 2004 Olympics. 13. Beijng was made host to the 2008 Olympics. 14.

34、 People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history. 15. This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 16. Even the most everyday activities can seem important. 17. Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen. 18.

35、 However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists. 19. Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course. 20. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours. 本单元语法讲解过去进行时（ Past Progressive Te

36、nse）句型 S + was/ were + V-ing 例 1：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening 昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。例 2：We were having supper at that time 那个时候我们正在吃晚饭解说：如例 1 所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I was taking a bath yester

37、day. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡 昨天 24 小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应该如例1 来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday. 昨天我洗了澡如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“ 动作正在进行中的时间” ，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening. B：Did you? At what time? A：At around ten oclock. 大约在十点钟。B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. 哦，当时我正在洗澡。过去进行时在表达上常用的句式

38、是如例2 所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作A 和 B（如图示），在B 动作发生时稍早发生的A 动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+ 副词从句）。例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen. (今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother . ”是主句， “when ，” 是副词从句。 ) 常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻） ，then (= at that time) ( 那时，当时

39、 )，all + 时间， “When / While / As ” 等副词从句， etc Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 1. every Saturday 每周六2. first of all 首先3. both and 两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）4. neither .nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）5. most of 绝大多数6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周7. agree on something 同意某人的计划；对 取得 一致意见8. agree to do sth. 答应 /同意做 9. pass

40、on (to) 传递10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做11. be mad at 对 疯狂 /生气12. do better in = be better at 在 方面做得更好13. be in good health 身体健康精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载14. report card 成绩单15. sound/ feel/ smell/ taste/ look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj. 做表语16. sound like/ feel like/ s

41、mell like/ taste like/ look like 听起来像 / 感觉像 /闻起来像 / 尝起来像 / 看起来像 + sb. sth. 17. get over 克服；恢复；原谅18. open up 打开 /展开 /开发 /揭露19. care for 照料；照顾；意愿；计较20. have a (surprise) party for sb. 为某人举行一次（惊喜)聚会21. end-of-year exam = final exam 期末考试22. not anymore 不再23. do a home project 做作业24. be surprised/ happy/

42、 excited to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动25. be/ get nervous 感到紧张26. have a very hard time with 在 日子不好过27. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果28. take/ leave a message 捎（留）个口信29. have a big fight 30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth. 31. to teach in Chinas rural areas 32. feel lucky 33. people who need help

43、需要帮助的人34. something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事35. there is no difference between and 在 和 之间没有区别36. Groups and the work they do Groups The work they do Greenpeace Cares for“Mother Earth”Doctors Without Borders Helps sick people in poor countries UNICEF Helps children in poor countries WWF Cares for

44、 wild animals in danger 37. the Hope Project 希望工程38. fortunately 本单元目标句型：转述他人话语 : What did sb. say? He said I . She said she . They said .1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 36 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr.

45、 Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun. 3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day. 4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time. 5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working. 6. 在英语上， 与听相比， 我更擅长于读。 In English, Im better at reading than li

46、stening. 7. 情况怎样？ Hows it going? 8. 她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore. 9. I said it would start a bad habit, and that she would do her own work. 10. Thats about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love. 11. She said helping others changed her life. 12. Teaching hig

47、h school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you. 13. The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program. 14. Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000 metere above the sea level, and at fir

48、st the thin air made her feel sick. 15. Young people today need to experience different things 16. Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage. 17. I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life. 18. She said she likes being a g

49、ood influence in the childrens lives. 19. She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province. 20. You are at Bs house working on a homework project. 21. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didnt come to the bus stop. 22. A

50、 calls you with a message for C. Pass on message, and then give Cs answer to A. 23. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进精选学习资料 - - - - - - -