2022年人教版八年级英语语法整理 .pdf

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1、人教版八年级上册英语语法整理Unit 1 How often do you exercise?特殊疑问句： wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom 等。特殊疑问句的构成及用法：1. 结构：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词 +be/助动词 /情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（ +其他）疑问代词：1) Who:谁。做主语，用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?2）Whom 谁，做宾语，用来指人 Whom are you writing to?3) Whose 谁的，用来指所属关系

2、， 如果做定语，一般后接名词Whose pen is this?4) Which 哪个，哪些，用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys?5)What 什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在没有指出范围的情况下What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?疑问副词：1) When:何时，询问时间 When will she come back?2) Where何地，询问地点，Where do you come from?3)

3、 Why 为什么，询问原因，Why are you late for school?4) How 如何，询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school?5) How old 多大，询问年龄， How old is Jims little brother?6) How many/much 多少，询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?7) How far 多远，询问距离，How far is it form your home to school?8) How long 多长，多久，询问时间的长度或距离Ho

4、w long will you stay in Beijing?9) How often 多长时间按一次，询问频率How often do you go to see your grandparents?10) How soon多久，询问时间How soon will you come back?频率副词：表示动作发生的频率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 What s the matter with you?1. 用 have 来描述身体不适have/have got a + 疾病名字；得了 病2.情态动词 should, 情态

5、动词 should,can, may, must 没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?现在进行时表将来一般将来时表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型be+doing其中 be是助动词，它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式，但用于表示将来。 用进行时表将来， 常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情，一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move 等。一肯定句中，结

6、构为 be+doing. I am going shopping this afternoon.二否定句是在 be之后加 not. I m not going to shopping this afternoon.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页三一般疑问句是将be置于句首Are you going shopping this afternoon? Yes, I am/ we are. No, I m not./ We arent.四特殊疑问句 疑问词 +一般疑问句语序。 What are you doing fo

7、r vacation? When is he going camping?Who are you going there with? Where is she going?Unit 4 How do you get to school?Grammar: How 引导的特殊疑问句： 是指以 How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk? -It

8、 takes about 35 minutes to walk.How far is it from yo ur home to school? Its four miles from my home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑问句的简略结构：how about?+ 名词或动词 -ing 形式，用于提出

9、建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如：How about playing tennis?Unit 5 Can you come to my party?Can 是最长用的情态动词，其后跟动词原形，can的否定形式为 cannot，cant.1. can表 能力 ，意思是：能，会I can paly basketball,but I cant swim.2. can表示能力时可和be able to 互换， be able to有更多的时态，常被用来表示 can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their

10、own in three months.3. 表示 可能性 ，意思是：可以，可能。 That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.4. 表示允许，意思是可以能够You can have the book when I have finished it.5. 表示 惊讶、不相信等（用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中 。 意思是 会、可能。This can t be true. Can it be true?二如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请1. 表达邀请的常用句型：Can you come to?Could you come to?Would you like to com

11、e to?Do you want to come to?2. 接受邀请的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. I d love to.3. 谢绝邀请的常用句型：I m sorry, I cant. I have toI m afraid I cant. I have toI don t think I can. I have toUnit 6 I m more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容词的比较级一规则变化、不规则变化（课本P93）二than 是比较级中最常见的标志词，意思是 比 。用于引出比较的对象。 1.He draws better

12、 than me.2.Youre older than I am. You are older than me.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页三形容词比较级前，有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。 Much 和 far 表示 得多,much better 好得多， a little, a bit 表示稍微，一些， 一点。 a little shorter, 稍微矮点；even表示 甚至， 更加， 还要even bigger还要大些， thre

13、e times表示 三倍 ，如 three times bigger than 比 大三倍Very 绝不可以用来修饰比较级，very,so,too, quite 修饰原级Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?一可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a 或 an,表示一个，如 a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es（特殊情况除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags二不

14、可数名词1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词 a 或 an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如 a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有：Lots of= a lot of 许多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句） any一些（用于否定句和一般疑问句）Unit 8 How was y

15、our school trip?一般过去时： 指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last year(week,month),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用 when,after,before, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。 该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词was/were否定： wasn t /weren t一Be 动词句型一般疑问句： was/were +主语特殊疑问句：疑问词 +was/were+主语陈述句：主语 +was/were+( 肯定句 ) 否定句：主语 +

16、wasn t/weren t+二行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时，要借助动词did 构成一般疑问句和否定句）肯定式：主语 +动词过去式否定式：主语 +didnt+动词原形一般疑问句： Did +主语+动词原形特殊疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形Unit 9 When was he born?一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样，不同之处在于须将be 动词或助动词改为过去时态，即 特殊疑问词 +were 或 was(第三人称单数 )+主语+（表语）+其他成分 或 特殊疑问词 +助动词 did+主语+实义动词 +其他成分。 一、以 when引导的特殊疑问句，对某人的出生年月进行提问，

17、句型是：When was/were born? was/were born in + 时间When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以 how long 引导的特殊疑问句，对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页How long did + 主语+动词？How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三W

18、hen did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝？ When +did+主语+动词？Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grammar:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.3.be +v.ing The Greens

19、 are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be +动词不定式You are to be back by 10 oclock.5. be + about + 动词不定式The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?Grammar:情态动词情态动词，表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度，包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。 Can(能、会 ),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定 )等。情态动词的特点： (1)情态动词有一定词义，但

20、不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语，且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.(2)变否定句时，直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can t play the guitar well.He can t answer the question. You mustnt be late.(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时，须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?(4)can 可表示能力、

21、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意为 能，会，可以。 cant, 意为 不能，不会，不可以。 ，还有 不可能 之意。-Can you drive? Sorry, I cant.It cant be true.(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请Can you please sweep the floor?Unit12 What s the best radio station?Grammar:形容词 /副词的最高级，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个 最 见课本 p93 语法1. the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classm

22、ates.2. 最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like 等修饰。 This hat is by far the biggest.3. 表示最高程度的形容词， excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。 He is an excellent teacher.4. 形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the youngest (boy) in his class.5. Who/Whic

23、h +be+最高级， A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?6. the +序数词 +最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页7. One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.新目标八年级下册英语语法知识点精讲 +练习（一）

24、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如： It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图I

25、 will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+主语+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句： Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句构成： will + not （wont）+do Sarah won t come to

26、visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词 will主语？ What will Sarah do next Sunday? 练一练根据例句，用 will 改写下列各句例：I don t feel well today. （be better tomorrow ）I ll be better tomorrow . 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）_ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later）_ 3. My parents need a new car. （b

27、uy one soon）_ 4. We can t leave right now. （leave a little later）_ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow ）_ 答案： 1. She ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页3. They ll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5.

28、 Maybe itll be better tomorrow. （二） should 的用法：should 用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should 后边加 not. 例如： I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer

29、 games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）I think you should（2）Well, you could（3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you ? （5）What about doing sth.? （6）Youd better do sth. 练一练用 should 或 shouldn t填空1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ arg

30、ue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案： 1. should 2. shouldn t3. should 4. should 5. should （三）过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。1. 构

31、成was /were + doing，例如：I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night 是时间点They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon 是时间段2. 过去进行时的标志词at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。At that time she was writin

32、g a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）练一练精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. This time yesterday I _ _ （read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook. 4. She _ _（play） computer game

33、s while her mother _ _ （cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _ （have）a shower when you _ （call）me yesterday. 答案： 1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四）间接引语形成步骤：（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）（3）要考虑时态的变化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。1. 直

34、接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. may 间接引语1. was 2. were 3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might 练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. She said I _ （be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _ （be）bored yesterday. 3. She sa

35、id she _ （go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _ （may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案： 1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy ）3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）4. Im hav

36、ing a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五） if引导的条件状语从句结构： if一般现在时，主语将来时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页含义：如果，将要例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。练一练根据中文提示，完成句子。1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。If you _ the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨

37、，我们将不去野餐。If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。If you often _, you _. 答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页