2022年人教版新课标必修五高考英语unit3单元知识点归纳 .pdf

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1、高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五unit3 单元知识点归纳1. impression n.印象；感想；印记1）固定搭配： make/ leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象be under the impression that. 觉得；以为make no impression on 对 无影响 /效果give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象First impressions are most important. 第一印象最重要。his impression of her=her impression on him 她

2、给他留下的印象2）其动词形式impress 用法：impress 作“ 使（某人） 印象深刻 ” 时，常用结构有： impress sth. on/upon sb ./ impress sb. with sth . 给 留下深刻的印象；使铭记；通常用于被动语态：be impressed by/at/with sth.或 be impressed on ones mind/memory 。如：The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam. 所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动His speech made quit

3、e an impression on the audience. 他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象。【即境活用】1） _ was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错(答案：His first impression on me / My first impression of him) 2)His trip to India made_.他的印度之行对他的触动很大( 答案：a strong impression on him) 3) He _with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她(答案：impressed her ) 2 take up 从事；占 (时间、空间、注意力、

4、等)；继续典例 1)This table takes up too much room这张桌子太占地方。2)She has taken up a job as a teacher她当上老师了。3)This chapter takes up where the last one off本章继续上一章的内容。短语归纳 take off 脱掉（衣服等） ；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over接管：获得对 的控制或管理take apart拆开：分开后将分成许多部分take for 把视作：误认为take for granted 认为 是理所当然take down写下 ,记下take back

5、 收回 (诺言 ); 【即境活用】 1）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up （答案A ）2） To keep healthy，Professor Johnson_ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页retired.

6、 A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for （答案为A。 ）3.constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地constantly.adv. 不断地【经典例句】His report was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的报告频频被掌声所打断。【考点聚焦】constantly经常和进行时连用，如：I m constantly telling her to b ehave herself. 我不断地告诉她要守规矩。e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时

7、尚总是日新月异。知识拓展： constant adj. 连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4.flashback 倒叙 Flashy 炫耀的 flashlight 手电Flashback闪回， （小说，剧本）倒叙Flash across 一闪而过，掠过flash by/past一闪而过Flash sth around 炫耀The events in his happy family life were shown in flashback. 他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的。5 previous adj. 先的 , 前的 ; 事前的 ; 以前的previous to 在 之前previously

8、adv. 先前地，以前地1） He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。2） His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。3） Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题. 【即境活用】汉译英1）你以前有过这种工作经验吗？_ 2）来这里之前,我为你准备了文件. _ 答案：1） Do you have any previous experience of this kind of job? 2）

9、Previous to coming here, I prepared all the documents for you. 6.Uncertainty犹豫，迟疑 uncertaintly Be uncertain about/ of 对不确定In no certain terms明确有力地，不含糊地7.guide n.&. vt. 指导，向导，导游；指引(导) Guide sb to/ through/around 领着某人到 / 穿过 / 参观to take . as ones guide to action把. .作为行动的指南a guide to a museum 博物馆参观指南The

10、y guided us to the teachers office. 他们带领我们到老师办公室去。8.opening n. 通路，口子；空缺；开放/始幕 Open （adj,v ）-opener 起子 opening 通道，开口Opening ceremony开幕式opening time开始营业时间精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页Opening words 开场白adj. 第一次的，开头的，开始的，开幕的There was an opening in the wall. Many people attende

11、d the opening of the new museum. His opening remarks are very attractive. 9.surroundings n.pl. 环境； surround v. 围绕；环绕surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。启发学生思考问题，哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式10.tolerate 容忍；忍受Tolerance 宽恕。容忍 tolerant toleration 宽容，容忍Tolerate

12、+ ving = bear, stand, put up with + ving 忍受，容忍We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams. 我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为。I cannot tolerate her rudeness. 我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。11. lack n. &v.缺乏；没有【用法解读】1) lack 用作名词表示：“ 缺乏；短缺 ” ；用作动词表示：“ 缺乏；短缺；没有；不足 ” a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物 /金钱 /技能2）固定搭配：for lack of 因缺乏 have no lac

13、k of 不缺乏 lack for nothing 一无所缺be lacking in 缺乏【经典例句】n.She showed a lack of humor.她缺少幽默v.A coward lacks courage.怯懦者缺乏勇气【归纳比较】辨析lack 与 shortage ：lack 是一个通用性名词，指整体或局部的不足；shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack 同义，但它在指固定的、必须的或一般习惯量的总数不足时，比lack 所表示的不足更甚。【即学即用】The trip was cancelled through_. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。He _. 他缺乏信心。12

14、. 2.adjust v.调整，使适应Adjustment.n. 调整，调节Adjustable.adj. 可调动的，可调节的adjust to 搭配 适应 The desks and seats can be adjusted (adjust) to the height of any child. My eyes haven t adjus ted_to_the dark yet. adjustor= adjuster调整者，调节器，调停者13.under the mask of 在的掩护下14.Be back on ones feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原Keep one s fee

15、t 站稳脚跟stand on ones own feet 自立Under one s feet 碍手碍脚，讨厌struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来rise to ones feet站起来jump to ones feet 跳起来15.Slide into （快捷而悄声地）移动，溜进slide over/ around sth爽快地处理（问题） ，略过精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页16.Optimism pessimism Optimist pessimist Optimistic pessi

16、mistic Be optimistic about 对持乐观态度17.presspres n. &v.按；压；逼迫；印刷；新闻【经典例句】v.He pressed the doorbell.他按了门铃。n.The book was favorably noticed by the press.此书颇获新闻界好评。【考点聚焦】固定搭配： press on/upon1）努力继续或前进，如：The boys pressed on in spite of the wind.男孩子们不顾大风继续前进。2）把 强加于，迫使接受，如：I wish hed stop trying to press his

17、views upon his students.但愿他不再把他的观点强加给学生。Fastener 纽扣，拉链fast fasten （v）Fasten to/on 将 系/ 扣/ 钉/ 装在 上18.switch n. & v. 用作名词表示 “ 开关；转换 ” 。用作动词表示“ 转换 ” 。a switch in在方面转变switch off （电灯，电器）关掉 switch on switch over彻底转变，变换switch out关上e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first chi

18、ld was born. 第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。I cant work next week, will you switch with me? 下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？19.speed up 加速【巧记提示】speed( 速度 )+up( 上)，让速度跟上，即加速。【经典例句】The car sped up when there was no one.没有人时汽车加速了。【考点聚焦】和 speed 搭配的常见短语：at a speed of 以 的速度with speed 快速地at full/top speed 全速地At a speech of 以的

19、速度 light、sound 以光速，音速With speed快速地speed by 很快地过去，飞逝20.Deserted 无人居住的， 被遗弃的 deserter 遗弃者，逃兵 desertion 遗弃，逃脱 deserts应得的报酬，奖赏，奖罚21.Massive大而重：或体格魁梧，相貌不凡Huge 巨大Enormous 巨大，超乎寻常的Vast 范围广，数量大（面积）22.Imitate imitative imitation仿制品，扮演Imitate 有 /无意识地模仿Copy 不是原色照搬23.Move movable mover 行动者 movement moving movie

20、 24.Chinese citizen中国公民plain citizen老百姓精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页Citizenship公民权 /身份25.Button up紧闭，把 扣上纽扣On the button准确，准时button it （口语）闭嘴26.Effect 影响（ n）affect (v) Effective effectively effectual 奏效的 efficiency 效率，功效27.Instant （ n）-instantly instantaneous立刻的 instance

21、例子，事例At that instant在那瞬间for an instant一瞬间On the instant 立即the instant (that)一 就28.Disposal处理 -disposed乐于 的Dispose sb to/ towards使某人易于To v 使某人愿意做Of 去掉，消除29.Greed贪婪 greedily 嘴馋地Be greedy for 对 贪婪30.Settle 定居，解决 settled 稳定的 settler 殖民者，移民Motivate motivation motive motiveless 31.sight u 视力 ,目光lose sight

22、 of 看不见 ;忽视 ;忘记 ;失去联系I lose sight of the words on the blackboard. Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不想。Keep out of my sight!别再让我看见你！c景象 ,奇观pl. 风景 ,名胜The seaside sunset was a beautiful sight. I enjoyed seeing the sights of the West Lake. out of sight看不见；在视野外lose one s sight 失明catch /have /get sight of看见

23、，发现in /within sight在视野内，看得见at first sight乍一看，一看到就at the sight of一看见in sb s sight 在某人看来have long /far sight远视have short/ near sight近视near-sighted近视眼的32. sweep up 打扫，横扫；涌向；快速地抱起【归纳拓展】有关up 的短语归纳：speed up 加速 use up 用光 come up 过来eat up 吃光 sit up 熬夜/ 坐正turn up 出现/ 开大 (音/水量 ) 【即学即用】1) He _into his arms.他一把

24、将孩子抱进怀里。2)In pushing to the train, the children _the crowds of people. A. sweeping up into B. swept up into C. were swept up D. were swept up into sweep aside放 堆到一边 , 不予理会sweep away扫清 , 迅速消灭 , 肃清 , 冲走sweep off 扫清 ; 吹走 ; 大量清除sweep out扫掉 ; 清除精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页swe

25、ep over将.一扫而光【即境活用】选择短语并用恰当的形式填空。1) After the party, the house needed _. 2) The leaves were _ into the air by the strong wind. A. sweep off B. sweep over C. sweep up D. sweep out 答案 : 1.sweeping up 2. swept up 课文知识点：1 Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years. in th

26、e last one thousand years在过去一千年时间里in the last /past +时间表示在过去多长时间里,与之连用的时态用现在完成时态Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the last ten years. 2.What changes do you expect to see in your life in one thousand years time.一千年之后你料想会发生什么变化。Expect (sb.) to do sth.希望 (某人 )做某事I expect to be back with

27、in a week. I didnt expect him to stay so long.hope to do something 希望做某事Joans hoping to study law at Harvard.wish wish to do something 希望做某事I wish to make a complaint. wish somebody something 希望某人 We wish them every happiness in their new home. 3.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really i

28、n AD 3008. remind vt. to make someone remember sth that they must do 使记住 ,提醒remind sb about sth /sb to do sth /sb that (what /how )Please remind him to take his medicine. He r eminded me that I hadnt written to my mother.vt. to make someone remember someone that they knew or sth that happened in the

29、 past使某人想起remind sb of sth /sb that (what /how)The view reminds me of my hometown. 这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切. 4.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.我很担心这次旅行, 所以头几天心里总是不踏实。worried about the journey 为过去分词作状语,在此处作原因状语。worried adj. 焦虑的烦恼的担忧的; worrisome adj. 使人烦恼的 ,焦虑的5, As a resul

30、t, I suffered from “time lag”. 结果我得了时间滞后症。(1)as a result (of): 作为 的结果 ,由于It snowed, as a result, she was late. 天下雪 , 因此她迟到了。result from 起因于 result in 导致某事 ,造成某事 (=lead to) (2)suffer from: to experience (something unpleasant, such as an illness), especially over a 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -

31、- - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页long period of time or habitually 患有 (疾病等 );为 所苦 ,因 而吃苦头。She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。辨析 : suffer 与 suffer from suffer 意为遭受苦痛,损失 ,忍受侮辱等 ,其宾语为pain, lose, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback, suffer from 遭受战争 ,自然灾害带来的苦

32、难及患病之意。suffer from the war / the flood/ a headache 遭受战争 ,洪水之苦 /患头病；suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿(派) suffering n. 痛苦 ,苦恼 ;劳苦 ,困难6. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样，所不同的是,它

33、意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段一直往回闪去。1) keep doing sth. 继续做某事It kept raining for a week. 接连下了一星期雨。辨析 :keep doing sth. 与 keep on doing sth. 这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换 ;keep doing sth. 强调动作的连续性和客观性 ,而 keep on doing sth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者的决心 ,常含有一定的感情色彩; keep away from 不接近 ;避开keep back 留在后面 ,不上前 ;隐瞒keep off 不接近 ,挡住kee

34、p out (of) 使在外keep up 跟上 ;赶上 ;保持keep up with 跟上 ;不落人之后7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents company, called Future Tours, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. 他父母的公司叫“ 未来之旅 ” ，以其技术高超闻名.他们把我装在一个时间舱里，平安的把我送入了未来。Well- known for = His parents company was well -known for .tra

35、nsport n. 运送 /输；交通工具v.运送 transport from to 从输送到 Transport sb/sth (to) 把 xx 运往Be transported back/ into （想象中）被带到Public transport公共运输air transport空运Ocean transport 海运rail transport铁路运输Water transport 水运The transport of vegetables from the farm to the market takes only half an hour. The yellow bus tran

36、sports passengers from the airport to the city 8.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. (1)as though /if好像 , 似乎She loves the baby as if she were its mother. He looked as if he had known the answer. It looks as if it is going to rain. He acts as if a child. He

37、stood there, as if crying. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页He opened his mouth as if to speak. 归纳： as though /if conj. 后可跟从句、形容词、名词、分词、不定式。引导从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况。如果表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用did 或were ，如与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时态。as though /if从句中的情况若有可能发生，用陈述语气。Ex. When a pencil is partly in

38、 a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken (2)left 留下，剩下相当于一个形容词，放在被修饰的名词或anything, nothing, nobody之后，经常用在there be 结构中。I haven t got any money left.There are two eggs left, if youre hungry.Theres nothing left in the fridge.left / remaining He bo

39、ught a book with the _money . I have no money _. 9. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. 由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。(1)过去分词hit 在句中作状语，表示与主句中动作伴随发生的状况hit: to have a bad effect on对 有不良的影响How will the new law hit the unemployed? 新颁布的法令将使失业者遭受什么样的打击？辨析 : beat, hit 与 strike beat指连续地打;hit 侧重指 “ 击中 ”,有时也指 “ 打一下

40、”;strike常指 “ 猛地一击 ” 。 “ 敲锣 ” 要用strike;“打鼓 ” 要用beat; “敲门 ” 要用knock; “ 钟敲几点 ” 要用strike; 比喻意思的 “ 打击 ” 要用give (deal) a blow to sb. (2)ache He has an ache in his back. His back aches/ is aching. My body was all aches and pains. My body ached all over. cure an ache 治好疼痛feel aches 感到疼suffer from an ache 遭受

41、疼痛Ache to v渴望做ache for 因而疼痛，极度想念Ache all over全身疼痛10.He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. hurry sb into 催促 sb 做hurry up 加快行动in a hurry 太快，急切no hurry （口语）不用急11. I felt better in no time. 我立刻感到舒服多了。in on time: very quickly 立刻 ;马上They will be back in n

42、o time. 他们马上就会回来。all the time 一直 , 始终at a time 依次 , 逐一 , 每次精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页at all times 无论何时 ,一直at one time从前at times 有时behind the times 过时的 ,落伍的for the time being 暂且 , 眼下from time to time 不时 ,偶尔 ,间或in good time 及时地，迅速地no time to lose 刻不容缓on time 按时12. These

43、hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move swiftly.这些气垫车是在地面上漂浮着的，只要把操纵杆弄弯或压下，你就可以迅速地移动【句型剖析】1） by+ doing 用某种方式或手段, 如, They put out the fire by pouring water on it. 他们泼水扑灭了火； 句中 by bending and pressing down on the driving sti

44、ck strongly修饰 move swiftly,表示使气垫车“ 迅速地移动 ” 的手段； driving stick中的 driving 为动名词作定语，表示用途， 如：a sleeping car 用来睡觉的车（卧铺车）；one 在句中泛指人2） bend 弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有: bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事； bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服bend the truth 歪曲事实Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易【即学即用】She _and kissed her daug

45、hter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿The road_ sharply_. 路向右急转弯He made his boss pleased_. 他改进了工作老板很高兴13.I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen. provide vt. 提供，供给可指提供具体的东西，还可指提供经验、机会、帮助等抽象的概念。强调“ 用事先准备好 ” 必需品来供应supply 提供，供给“ 补给不足 ” 的人员或设备。provide sb with sth /provide sth for sb为某人提供某物su

46、pply sb with sth / supply sth to (for) sb向某人提供某物Offer sth to sb / offer sb sth The sun provides us with light and heat. The company supplies paper to the printers. 11. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. 点拨 此句是由a

47、nd 连接的两个并列分句。前一个分句的谓语是appeared 和 flashed ，后一个分句的谓语是rose 。这里要注意的是flash 这个动词在此句中是及物动词，表示“ （使）闪现” 。from under是两个介词重叠使用，表示“ 从下面 ” 。如： “Now it s OK,” said the mechanic as he crawled out from under the car. “修好了， ” 那修理工从车底下爬出来说道。仿写 I found my pen from under the exercise book. 我从练习册下面找到了我的钢笔。As if by magic

48、像借了魔法似的12.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. exhausted在此处是形容词，作状语，表原因。表原因的形容词(短语 )或形容词化的分词多放精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页在句首，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。表原因的形容词(短语 )相当于原因状语从句。Frightened (Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her. exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；疲惫；使筋疲力尽Th

49、ey have exhausted the supply of oxygen. What an exhausting day! Past Participle As the adverbial 过分作状语Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well- known for their expertise, his parents company .Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Exhaust

50、ed, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep. 过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。Heated , water changes into steam . The professor came in, followed by a group of young people . 1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句Moved by what she said ,we could