2022年初中五大基本句型及习题 2.pdf

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1、英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： +（主谓）基本句型二： + +（主系表）基本句型三： + +（主谓宾）基本句型四： + +IO + （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）基本句型一 +（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。这些动词常见的有： take place, happen, break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise, hang( 可作及物动词或不及物动词)等

2、等。（2）有些动词如wash, sell, burn，write, clean, draw, cook, read 等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。（不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playing have gone基本句型二 + +（主系表）此句型的句子有

3、一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类： be, look, feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况； get, grow, become, turn,go 等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand （ 3）形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。（是系动词）(表语 ) 1. This 2. The dinne

4、r 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻) fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - - -

5、- - - - - 基本句型三 + +（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）(宾语 ) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. Goo

6、d morning. 基本句型四 + +IO + （主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。3 主语谓语宾语这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：（1）我要一杯茶。（2）你可以把书放在书包里。（3）我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind 的电影。（4）这些孩子他

7、们照看得很好。(5)我想她今天不会来参加我们的舞会。只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine, fail ，hope，manage，offer，plan，名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - prepare，pretend， promise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.

8、（1）所有男生都喜欢足球。(2)我想一个人做这项工作。动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge （承认）， admit， appreciate （感激）， avoid， consider，delay，deny，dislike ，prevent，enjoy，escape ，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit（放弃），risk， （cant）stand，suggest，advise 等；动词短语有：go on，give up，put off ，feel like 等。(1) 你真的无法想象再这样的环境下生活。(imagine) （2）你做完作业了

9、吗？(finish) （3）我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。avoid （4）你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind （5）我们每天应该在课外练习讲英语。practice 4. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物” 。这类词常有award,give, offer , bring, buy ，show 等这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词宾语 for sb.( buy,)；2)动词 宾语 to sb.(give,offer,show) 如：（1）昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。（用两种结构各翻译一句）（2）请把你的画给我看一下。（用两种结构各翻译一

10、句）（3）她把座位让给我。 （用两种结构各翻译一句）（4）他问了我一个奇怪的问题。（5）他给我一个苹果。 （用两种结构各翻译一句）5. 主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如：The news made me excited. 这里 excited 就是 me 的宾语补足语。1） 、不定式作宾补A . 不定式前带to 常用的动词有 : 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - -

11、 - - - advise, cause, allow, drive, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, permit, tell, trust, urge, persuade, remind, teach, want, warn, get, ask, forbid, beg, require, tempt, enable, lead, instruct 等,以及表示情感状态 的动词love, like, prefer, hate 等后面跟带to 的不定式作补语. 1. 他叫我跟他一起去逛街。2. 村民们不允许他们做这。(allow) 3. 老

12、师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里。4. 他说服了弟弟上床睡觉。5. 史密斯夫妇邀请我去他们家里吃饭。6. 玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议7. 爸爸警告我不要吸烟。8. 他想我跟他一起工作。9. 我期待他能在考试中成功。10. 我更喜欢你呆在这里。11. 我讨厌他今晚过来吃饭。12. 老师要求我们在9 点钟之前交作业。（require）13. 约翰建议玛丽干什么？14. 石油的短缺 (shortage)导致了价格的急剧上升。15. 我的好朋友鼓励我不要放弃。16. 最后一辆公共汽车开走了，我被迫要打的。17. 参观者请勿拍照。 （permit）18. 你可以相信我不会跟任何人讲。（trust）19. 她力劝

13、他留下。 （urge）20. 你能教我干那活儿吗？21. 他让姐姐帮助他做作业。 （get）22. 在考试过程中禁止离开课室。（forbid ）23. 我希望你今晚可以过来。（like）24. 饥饿驱使她去偷窃。25. 她求他别离开。 （beg）26. 这种软件使你能在几秒钟之内便可访问互联网。（enable）27. 他的话使我去找出真相。（lead）28. 他指示我开灯。29. 他打算让他的孩子成为医生。（intend）30. 我很愿意让他来和我们住在一起。（love）B . 不定式前不带to 表示感觉 的动词 see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel

14、等和三个表示致使 的动词 make, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - have, let 后面跟不带to 的不定式作补语. 1. 我看到所有的杯子都掉到地上了。2. 我最终使她改变了主意。3. 我听到了他在房间里唱歌。4. 我让他打扫了教室。5. 我注意到他走进了那家工厂。6. 我觉得有东西在我的手臂上爬着（crawl up ） 。C . 不定式为to be 在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be，如： be

15、lieve, consider, declare, find, imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand 等等。1. 这个答案证明是错的。2. 我认为他是一个好学生。(think) 3. 我相信他是诚实的。(believe) 4. 你能想象他成为一名歌星吗？5. 我发觉他很吝啬。(find) 6. 我认为他很蠢。(consider) 7. 总统宣布他成为市长。declare 8. 我们知道她很勤奋。9. 我猜想他是一个好的领导。suppose 10. 她认为她有责任告诉警察。consider 2） 、分词作宾补分词作宾语补足语

16、时，如果分词与宾语构成主谓关系 ，用现在分词； 如果构成 动宾关系 ，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , notice , see , watch， make, leave 等。1. 我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。2. 我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。3. 我发现她的房子重新粉刷过了。4. 我看到他被人打。5. 这里太吵了。别人很难听到我的话。（ make）6. 因为我的英语很差，我不能用英语表达我的意思。（ make）7. 我让别人修理我的车。 （have，make，get）8. 你没隔多久理一次发？(have, get) 9

17、. 我把工作留下来给别人做。leave 10. 我让机器整个晚上在运转。have 11. 我听到有人在叫我。hear 12. 我听到我的名字被人叫。hear 13. 我注意到杯子碎了。notice 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 14. 老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep) 15. 我让门锁着。 （keep）3） 、形容词作宾补常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, fe

18、el, think, consider 等1. 学生要保持课室清洁。2. 不要留着门开着。3. 我发觉这本书很有趣。4. 我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。5. 他把囚犯们都释放了。 （set）6. 我认为不可能在如此短的时间内完成作业。7. 4） 、名词作宾补常用名词作宾补的动词有：find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等1. 我觉得他是一个很聪明的学生。2. 我们选他作班长。3. 小孩子们叫他大拇指叔叔。4. 群众让他当上了总统。5. 那对夫妇把孩子命名为约翰。5） 、由as 构成的短语作宾补常用 as构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consideras, treata

19、s, regardas, look on as, haveas, takeas, think ofas等1. 你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。2. 他们把我当作是女儿来看待。3. 我把它当作是一个艰巨的任务。4. 我们能让谁作校长呢？5. 她把他说的话看作是称誉（compliment ） 。 （take.as）6There be 句型此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后， there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有there is/are

20、 过去有there was/were将来有there will be /there is /are going to be. 可能有there might be. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 肯定有there must be /there must have been. 过去一直有there used to be 似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有there happe

21、n/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be 动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive, 等。翻译练习：1.今晚没有会。2这个村子过去只有一口井。3.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。8恰好那时房里没人。9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10公共汽车来了。11就只剩下二十八美元了。12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。13铃响了。14二月份有二十八天。15村子里面住在几百人。1

22、6车子到达了。17在地球上存在着许多物种。18有几个笔记本躺在桌子上面。19刚好有 100 块在我的口袋里。20这机器昨天肯定有问题。英语五大基本句型练习1.I am sorry to have kept you _. a. wait b. to wait c. waiting d. waited 2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road. a. run b. ran d. to run d. running 3. Rose is going to have her hair _. a. do b. done c. did d. doing

23、4. She felt somebody _her. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - a. touched b. touches c. touch d. to touch 5. She taught him _speak English. a. how b. how could he c. how he could d. how to 6.He didn t enjoy the play because he

24、_.a. was boring b. bored c. was bored d. boring 7.I will make your dream _. a. comes true b. to come true c. coming truly d. come true 8.He warned _home . a. us to not go b. us not to go c. we not go d. us not go 9. Canned food does not go _. a. bed easily b. badly easy c. bad easy d. badly easily 1

25、0.The sad news kept her _all the night. a. awake b. waken c. wake d. to wake 11.I think _a bad habit to get up late . a. that b. it c. this d. its 12.He found his money _. a. steal b. stealing c. stolen d. to steal 13.Roses in bloom smell _. a. sweetly b. sweet c. sweeten d. sweetness 14.We must hav

26、e the machine _. a. to repair b. repairing c. repair d. repaired 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 15.She was lying in the sofa _a book. a. reading b. read c. to read d. to reading 16.A television set will keep us _of the new

27、s of the day. a. inform b. to inform c. informed d. informing 17.The speaker found himself _all alone. a. left b. leave c. leaving d. to leave 18.The speaker found himself _. a. misunderstand b. misunderstanding c. misunderstood d. to misunderstand 19.-My watch is broken. Why don t you _.a. take a r

28、epairer your watch b. take your watch a repairer c. take to a repairer it d. take it to a repairer 20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldnt find _the hotel. a. how to return to b. how you could go for c. the way back for d. the way back to 21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother _. a.

29、 made a cake to me b. made a cake me c. made for me a cake d. made me a cake 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 22. The teacher _John a good student. a. believes b. knows c. suggests d. considers 23.It s a fine day. Lets go bo

30、ating, _?a. will we b. don t wec. won t wed. shall we 24.Dont smoke in the classroom, _?a. will you b. do you c. don t youd. won t you 25.He seldom has lunch at home, _he? a. has b. hasntc. does d. doesnt26.We had to get up early, _we? a. didn tb. don tc. had d. did 27.You had Tom do the job, _you?

31、a. did b. didn tc. had d. hadn t28.Let us have another look, _you? a. will b. would c. won td. wouldn t29.Nobody came, _? a. didn t heb. didn t they c. did he d. did they 30.We ought to hand it in today, _we? a. oughtn tb. don tc. shouldn t d. won t31.We d better wait for ten more minutes, _?a. hadn

32、 t web. don t we c. didn t wed. wouldn t we 32. I d like a sandwich, _?a. would you b. do you c. couldn t youd. don t you名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, _? a.

33、 hasn t heb. isn t hec. hasn t it d. isn t it 34.You and I did it together, _? a. didn t Ib. didn t you c. did you d. didn t we 35.They should have completed it earlier, _? a. should they b. shouldn t they c. have they d. haven t they36. You may take it if you want to, _? a. maynt youb. don t you c.

34、 shouldn t youd. won t you37.You must have told Mr. Smith the secret, _? a. mustnt youb. must you c. havent youd. have you 38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, _? a. did she b. didn t she c. was she d. wasn t she 39.Tom said he was not there then, _? a. didn t he b. did he c. wasn t he d

35、. was he 40. I suppose he is honest , _? a. don t Ib. do I C. isn t hed. is he 41. I dont think he is serious, _?a. don t I b. do I C. isn t hed. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - is he 42.Shes finished the job, _she ?a. doe

36、sn tb. isn tc. wasn td. hasn t 43. You aren t a teacher, are you?a. Yes, I am not b. No, I am c. No, but I was d. Yes, I wasn t44.- _is your sister? -She is a teacher in a middle school. a. Who b. What c. Which d. Where 45.-How are your parents? -_. a. They are doctors b. They like sweet food c. The

37、y are fine d. They are fifty 46. -_will you get married to him. -In a month. a. How soon b. How long c. How often d. How much 47. There _two films this week in our school. a. is b. have c. have been d. has 48. There _a lot of news about the fire on TV last night. a. was b. had c. were d. is 49.There

38、 used to be a temple there, _? a. usedn t it b. used there c. didn t itd. didn t there 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 50. There _ a stream in front of our house. a. lies b. has c. stand d. lie 1-5CABCD 6-10CDBAA 11-15BCBDA 16-20CACDD 21-25 DDDAC 26-30 ABADA 31-35 AADDB 36-40 ACBAC 41-45 DDCBC 46-50ACADA 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - -