2022年初一英语语法学习知识点总结 .pdf

《2022年初一英语语法学习知识点总结 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初一英语语法学习知识点总结 .pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、初一英语语法学习知识点总结一、初一英语语法词法1、名词A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加 s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。 如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies,2 ）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如： day-d

2、ays, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以 o 结尾加 s（外来词）。如： radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o 的加 es：如: tomatoes西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 es(s) 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有

3、复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八） 单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有： police警察局， 警察, class班，同学 , family家，家庭成员九） 合成的复数一般只加主要名词， 多数为后一个单词。如： action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teacher

4、s 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类 , paper纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文 , work 工作 works 作品，工厂 , glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子, light光线 lights灯, people 人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks) 。但如是缩略词则只加s。如： IDs, VCDs, SARs 精选学习资料 - - - - -

5、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页十二） 特殊形式的有： child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加 s。如：brother s, Mike s, teachers二）复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加，如果不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理。 如：Teachers Day教师节, classm

6、ates ; Children s Day六一节, Women s Day三八节三） 由 and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时， 只加最后一个 s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben s room 迈克和本的房间（共住一间）， Mikes and Ben s rooms 迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目人称代词 物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 y

7、ou you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页一）一般在词后加 s。如：comes, spells, waits,

8、 talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es。如： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以 o 结尾加 es。如： does, goes 五）特殊的有： are-is, have-has B） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用

9、分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加 ing 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e 再加 ing 。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开

10、字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing 。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四） 以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing 。 如： tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。 构成如下：一） 一般在词后加 er 或 est( 如果是以 e 结尾则直接加 r 或 st) 。如：greater-greatest, shorter

11、 shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 ( 字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest) 结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est 。 如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页三） 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est

12、。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况： (两好多坏，一少老远 ) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- fart

13、her/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 ( 基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th ；y 结尾，变为 i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法句式1. 陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks ve

14、ry young. (连系动词 ) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词 ) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词 ) e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句a) These aren t their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here.

15、(=Theres no cat here.)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句 a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e)

16、 Is she reading? 肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答 : a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they don t. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It s big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is tw

17、elve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页 问原因 Why do you want to join the cl

18、ub? 问时间What s the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方Where s my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What s your favourite color? Its black. 问人物W

19、ho s that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西What s this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11 问姓名 What s your aunts na

20、me? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.What s your first name? My first names Ben.What s your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页13 问字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these

21、pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码What s your phone number? Its 576 -8349. 16 问谓语 ( 动作) What s he doing? He s watching TV.17 问职业 ( 身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.What s your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词：She s a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态

22、动词： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano. 行为动词： They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch. 2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-in

23、g sth + 其它. I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Na ncy isn t writing a letter. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They

24、aren t listening to the pop music.四、初一英语语法 介词用法 ：1) 具体时间前介词用at 。. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。She goes to bed at eleven oc lock. 她十一点睡觉。2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in ，且定冠词 the 不能省略；表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at ，不加冠词。in the morning在早上， in the afternoon 在下午， in the evening 在晚上at noon 在中午，

25、at night在夜里3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看 DVD 。Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。4) 在 this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。 She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页