2022年初中英语语法精讲2动词不定式用法 .pdf

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1、动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。 但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的 肯定形式是 todo；其否定形式是 not todo。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。一作主语可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe 但在英语中，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：Its wrong to play tricks on other peopleIts our du

2、ty to keep our environment clean and tidy 点击规律 ：动词不定式在句中作主语时， 常放在 It is adj +(for sb.)(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断， 意为：做.是的，it 仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sthIt is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的It is useful to read.看书是有用的It is healthy to run every day. 每天跑步是健康的It is a little difficulty for me to work out

3、 this question. 解出这道题对我来说有点难It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页It is bad to be late for school. 迟到是糟糕的It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪， 与 It is adj +(for sb.)(not)to do sth的意义不同。It is very kind of you to t

4、ell me the truth你能告诉我事实， 真是太好了It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing 他做那件傻事， 真是太笨了It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目， 真是太聪明了It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了这个句型中用介词of 而不是 for 的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。类似的词有： careless ，careful，clever，considerate ，f

5、oolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是 用 It is adj +(for sb.)(not)to do sth还是 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth ，要清楚 adj 修饰的是 sb还是 to do sth 例如： It is nice for me to have breakfast with you （nice 是指 have breakfast with you 这件事）对于我来说，能和你一起吃早餐真好。It is nice of you to help him

6、 with his English.（nice 是指 you，形容人的品质）你帮他补习英语，真是太好了。二作宾语Awant，decide ，agree，afford， agree ， aim， appear， ask，believe ，care， claim， decide ， demand，desire ，determine，expect ，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页fail， happen ， hesitate ， hope， intend（有打算）， learn， long（渴望）， manage ，

7、 offer， pretend， promise ， prepare， refuse ，seek ， swear（发誓）， undertake（承担） ，want， wish等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：We agreed to start early She wants to be a doctor Blove，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer 等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律 ：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板 ： like doing 指经常性动作， 而 like to do 指一次性的动作。如：I like swimming

8、 ，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。Cstop ，forget，remember，go on ，try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律 ：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1）stop to do sth ：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing sth ：停止正在做的事2）forget to do sth：忘记要去做某事（未做）forget doing sth：忘记做过某事（已做）3）remember to do sth ：记得去做某事（未做）remember doing sth ：记得做过某事（已做）精选学习

9、资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页4）go on to do sth ：接着做另一件事（接下去做与原来不同的一件事）go on doing sth ：继续不停的做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事5）try to do sth：试着做某事（实际上意思是努力想做成某事eg: I tried to escape ,but I failed. 我努力着想逃走，但是没有成功）Try doing sth：试着做某事（实际上是为了达到另外一个目的，-So hot here, isnt it? -Yes, why not try tur

10、ning on the air conditioner? 很热，是吧。 “恩，就是。咱们开开空调吧，看看能不能凉快点儿。” ）例句：When the teacher came in ，the students stopped talking ；when he came out，the students stopped to talk 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。D在 findfeelitadjto do sth 句型中， it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。就是说不定式由it 代替，把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如 find，

11、 think，consider，feel 等)+it+ 形容词 +不定式。如：She considers it necessary to make friends with him. We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 oclock.The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleepI feel it easy to recite the text E. 动词+疑问代 (副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise ， decide ， find out， fo

12、rget， inquire，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页know，learn，see ，regard，remember，teach ，tell，understand ，wonder 等。常见的疑问代 (副)词有: what， when， where， which，how， whether 等。1.He does not know when to start. 2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop. 3.I will show you how to de

13、al with it. 三作宾语补足语Atell，ask，want，order，teach ，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write Blet，make，have，see ，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the

14、next room提示板 ：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to 要加上 。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the bossShe was heard to sing in the next room 四作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句： I have a lot of work to doHe could do nothing to help the boy 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页There was really nothing to

15、fear He gave me an interesting book to read 点击规律 ：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、 代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live inHave you got some pens to write with ？Mary needs a friend to play withThat girl has nothing to worry aboutThey have a strict teacher to liste

16、n to 五表语：放在连系动词be后面例句： His wish is to become a scientist The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时， 通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。六作状语a目的状语 ：放在 go，come，use，live，in order 等词后面。如：I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time b原因状语 ：放在 sorry，glad，surpri

17、sed， disappointed，excited 等精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页词后面。如：I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble youc作结果状语。 如：Some of the apples are hard to reachThe room is large enough to hold 1000 people 7与 what，who，whose ，when，where， how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如： I dont kno

18、w what to do next （宾语）He taught us how to use the computer （宾语补足语）Its still a question how to get there （主语）8、在动词 help之后可用不带 to 的不定式，也可用带to 的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box. 9、 在 had better，would rather，maymight as well ，rather than，can not but等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带to。例如：1.Unless you fee

19、l to ill to go out， I would rather not stay at home tonight 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour. 10.在介词 but，except之后，如果其前有动词do 的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“只能”。例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender 精选学习资料 - - - - -

20、 - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页3.The spy间谍 was both hungry and cold ；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining11、下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：can not help but ，can not choose but ，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如：I can not bu

21、t admire his courage. 如果上述句中有do，to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：I have no choice but to give up my idea. 12、紧跟在 why 或 why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在 who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the

22、 meaning? You neednt decide whether to study arts or science精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页练习：单项选择1. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 2. The purpose of the plan is not to help the employers but _ work

23、 for young people. A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided 3. He arrived at the office early, _ a good example to the others. A. set B. to set C. to be set D. having set 4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke 5. We looked everywhere for the

24、keys, but they are nowhere _ A. to find B. to have found C. to be found D. being found 6. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil 7. It took us more than two hours the dinner A prepare B preparing C to prepare D to be prepared 8. Please remember _ the pl

25、ants while Im away.A. watering B. to be wateringC. to water D. being watering 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页9. _ wine, first you must press the grapes. A. Making B. To makeC. To be making D. Make 10. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing

26、 C. wash D. to be washing 11. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished 12. Ill have to change my clothes before I go out I don t want _ like this. A. to see B. to be seeing C. to be seen D. being seen 13. The workers want us to

27、gether with them. A work B working C to work D worked 14. He promised_ me a nice car. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. to have bought15. He was made A go B gone C going D to go 16. You d better _a rest now.A. to have B. have C. having D. had 17. I m hungry.Get me something A eat B to eat C eating D for

28、 eating 18. People must stop _down trees. A. to cut B. cutting C. cut 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页19. I would mend your radio, but I dont know _.A. how B. to C. how to D. to how 20. She did nothing at the photo A except look B but to look C except to look D but looking

29、21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A.to send B.for sending it C.to send it to D.for sending it to 22. “ Have you decided when ?”Yes, tomorrow morning”A to leave B to be leaving C will you leave D are you leaving 23. We agreed here but so far she hasn t turned

30、 up yet. A having met B meeting C to meet D to have met 24. I d rather_ a cup of coffee.A. to have B. having C have 25. I don t like traveling by boat, it always makes me _sick.A. to feel B. feeling C. feel 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页【参考答案】15 BBBAC 610 DCCBA 1115 BCCBD 1620 BBBCA 2125 CACCC 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页