2022年初中非谓语动词专项复习 .pdf

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1、精品资料欢迎下载非谓语动词专项复习考点知识精讲非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和不定式， 没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态。构成句子成分不定式to动词原形除谓语外的任何成分有 将 要 之意分词现 在 分词doing 表语宾语定语状语主动、进行过 去 分词done 表语宾语定语状语被动、完成动名词doing 主语宾语表语定语表 一 般 情况考点一不定式1不定式的基本形式是 to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。My father ask

2、ed me not to read in bed. 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，构成下列结构：It is adj for sb to do sth,( 此结构中不能说sb is adj) It is adj of sb to do sth.(此结构中可以说sb is adj) 或者： It is+名词 +to do sth. Its important (for us) to protect the environ

3、ment. (对我们来说 )保护环境是很重要的。注：当在 kind ，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用 of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。(2)作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语（V+sb +to do sth ） ，如：1)want, would like, wish, hope, expect, help, learn, agree, manage, offer, plan=make a plan, promise, refuse, be+情感类 adj+ to do sth, can

4、 t wait, get/be ready to do, take turns, try/do one s best , decide=make a decision, choose, fail, prepare, afford, 2)pretend, arrange, beg, care, demand, determine, fear, deserve, 例如： Would you like to_see_a_film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find，think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_r

5、ead_English_every_day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio. 露西要他关小收音机的音量。 后面可以接动词不定式做宾补的动词有（V+sb to do sth ） ：allow, want, would like, ask, tell, encourage, expect, wish, get, help,warn 不带

6、to 的动词不定式也可以做宾补（V+sb do sth）这类 V 有使让动词make ,let, have 等，另外还有感官动词如，see, watch, hear, feel, find , notice 等(4)作定语（中考不考）动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to_do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Weihai is a good place to_live_in. 威海是一个居住的好地方。(5)作状语Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_h

7、er_daughter.(目的 ) 王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to_meet_you here. (原因 ) 我们很高兴在这见到你。He is too tired to_work_on.( 结果 ) 他太累了而不能继续工作。（6）做表语。 My dream is to be a scientist. 3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long. 他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。4不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how 连用 ，相当于一个宾语从句。He didnt k

8、now where_to_go. (where to go where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。5. 两个动词不定式并列，第二个动词不定式常省略考点二动名词动名词由动词原形ing 构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。1作主语 ，动词做主语常用动名词形式，且后面的谓语动词用单数Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2

9、作表语 ，如：My mothers job is raising chicken. 我母亲的工作是养鸡。3作宾语 ，只能接V-ing 做宾语的动词有： （V+doing ， doing 做宾语）1 ）， Enjoy, finish, mind, can t stand, be busy, keep(on), feel like, have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems in-, practice, finish, give up, consider, put off, suggest, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -

10、 - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载miss imagine, can t help/stop ，be worth, avoid, miss, end up, allow, be/get used to( 习惯于 ) 2） ，Forgive, delay, escape, 如： I dont mind listening to that story again. 我不介意再听一遍那个故事。4作定语 。放在名词前，说明该名词的功能或用途时。如swimming pool, living room, sleeping bag, hiding place 等如：Lets join

11、the singing group. 让我们加入合唱队吧。5 后既可以接动名词， 也可接动词不定式的动词有 love， like， prefer， begin， start， continue，remember，try，stop， forget，hate， need，allow， go on 等。1）下列词的用法需要辨析1)need to do sth, need doing=need to be done 2)remember/forget to do sth, remember/forget doing sth 3)stop to do sth, stop doing sth 4)try

12、to do sth, 努力去做某事try doing sth 试着去做某事5)mean to do(打算、想 ) mean doing sth（意味着）6)allow sb to do sth=sb allowed to do sth allow doing sth. 7)go on to do sth. 做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事2）记住下列词的用法1)used to do sth be/get used to doing sth be used to do sth 2)prefer doing sth to doing sth pref

13、er to do sth rather than do sth would rather do sth than do sth=would do sth rather than do sth 3) There is no need for sb to do sth 4)sb have time to do sth 5) too+adj/adv+ to do sth so-that-(such-that-); not-enough (for sb) to do sth 6) It is adj for/of sb to do sth, It is best for sb to do sth It

14、 is time for sb to do sth It takes sb some time to do sth 6、介词后如果接动词，应该用动名词形式。尤其注意一些含有介词的一些词组，eg，1)what/how about-? have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems in-, instead of, be good at=do well in, by+ doing sth, spend-(in) doing sth, feel like, get/be used to, prefer doing to doing, devote oneself to- 致

15、力于 -，献身于 - keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to ，be afraid of ，be proud of，be used for，be interested in 2) succeed in doing sth, be fond of, pay attention to, make a contribution to, devote oneself to- , insist on，look forward to 7当 need，require，want 作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs

16、cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed” ，但也有不规则的形式。2分词的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗？分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。状语The students w

17、ent out of the classroom，talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主句主语。表语The boy is too frightened to move. 这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发

18、。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系) 注：1、 作定语或表语。 现在分词表示 “令人的” ， 主语一般是物； 过去分词表示 “感到的” ，主语一般是人。这类动词有interste,surprise, excited 等He is surprised to hear the news.他听到那个消息感到很吃惊。news is surprising.那个消息令人吃惊。2作宾补 。V+sb +doing （现在分词做宾补） ，这类 V 有：感官动词 (包括 find 和 notice)， there be

19、, keep 等Dont keep us waiting for a long time. 不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school. 放学后他要去理发。3作定语 。放在名词的前面（单个的词），或后面（词组）1）现在分词做定语表示主动或正在进行，如the sleeping boy the boy sitting under the tree 2）动词的过去分词做定语表示被动或完成表示被动，如：the poems written by Li Ba

20、i the money made by my parents 或表示完成，如，the developed countries the risen sun （表示完成）the developing countries the rising sun （表示正在进行）4.作状语。 如 The boy came into the classroom, singing pop songs.(表示伴随，做伴随状语) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载考点四，其它1.辨析：(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均

21、可，但意义稍有差别。stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事Stop thinking ，please.请停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment. 停下来想一会儿。remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth. 记得曾做过某事（动作以发生）I remember posting your letter. 我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出 ) Please remember to_post my letter 请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出 )

22、forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（动作未发生）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（动作以发生）I forgot to_bring_my_homework. 我忘记带作业了。(没带作业 ) I forgot bringing_my_homework. 我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来 ) try to do sth. 努力去做某事try doing sth. 试着去做某事He tried speaking English to us. 他试着用英语和我们谈话。Please try to_do better next time. 下次设法做得更好些。go on to

23、do sth. 做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one. 做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest. 休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。allow doing sth. 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We dont allow students to

24、_go out on school days. 上学时，我们不允许学生外出。2.现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别（即区别V+sb do sth 和 V+sb doing sth ） 。我们常见的动词如：see ，watch，notice，hear，feel，have 等，它们接不带to 的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行 ) I heard him sing in the classroom. 我听到他在教室里唱歌

25、了。(“唱”这个动作已结束) 3. 易混句式 have sb.do sth. have sb.doing sth. have sth.to do 和 have sth.done的区别。have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事” ，have可以用 let，make 代替。不定式往往表示精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让这

26、个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事” ，have 可以用 keep代替，现在分词(doing) 这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had the boy running all night long. 那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。have sth. done意为“让他人做某事” ，即 ask sb.else to do sth.。过去分词 (done)这个动作由他人 (即非主语本身 )来完成，且含有被动意义。The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。 have

27、 sth.to do 意为“主语自己还有某事要做”这个动作由主语本身完成，且含有主动意义。I have much homework to do. 4. 不带 to 的动词不定式做宾补（V+sb do sth）这类 V 有使让动词make ,let, have 等，另外还有感官动词如，see, watch, hear, feel, find , notice 等5.一些句型后常加动词原形，eg 情态动词后常接动词原形why not do sth?=why don t you do sth? shall we do sth? Could I/you do sth? could/would you

28、please do sth? will you do sth? 实战演练（一）1.Why not_ your teacher for help when you cant finish _it by yourself? A. ask, write B. to ask, writing C. ask, writing D. asking, write2.Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when for London? Yes, tomorrow afternoon. A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. are you leaving3.May

29、 I listen to the music here, Mr. White? Sorry, youd better it like that. A. not to do B. not do C. don t doD. not do to4.More and more young people are trying to do something _ the old. A. served B. to serve C. serve D. serves 5.The fruit salad tastes delicious. Could you tell me _ ?A. where to do i

30、t B. when to do it C. what to do D. how to do it 6.Peter is busy _ at school, but he never forgets _exercise every day. A. working, doing B. working, to do C. at work, do 7.-Why did you buy a radio?-_ English. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning 8.-Do you know Neil Armstrong?-Yes, He is

31、the first man _ on the moon. A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked 9.Have you made up your mind _ the sick kids? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载By singing songs. A. what to tell B. how to cheer up C. when to help D. where to look after10.The doctor did what he could

32、_ the dying man. A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving11.The global financial crisis(金融危机 ) has made many people_ their money. A. to care for B. took care of C. be careful with D. to be cared about12. Mum, can I have something_? Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is_ in the kitchen. A. t

33、o drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else13.We must do everything we can _ waste water from running into rivers. A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping 。14.My roommate often asks me _ her to play chess. A. teach B. teaching C. to teach 15.Hell

34、 use what he has _ her a new dress.A. bought B. to buy C. buying D. been bought 16Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us. A. did not B. to not C. not D. not to 17.The old lady didnt know _ when the house caught fire.A. how to do B. how to do it C. what to do D. what to do it。18.The teacher asked Be

35、n _ a difficult question in class. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered19.Everyone should know _ to save themselves when a fire breaks out. A. whether B. what C. when D. how。20.-What should we do to fight A/H1N1 flu? -We should wash hands often, avoid _ to crowded places and so on. A. go

36、B. going C. gone D. to go21.The woman made his son _ finally after she told him some jokes. A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing 22.When we practice speaking English ，we often end up_ in Chinese Ato speakB. speakingC. spokenD. speak 23.There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We cant decid

37、e_ . A. what to buy B. to buy what C. which to buy D. to buy which。24.-How about _in the river with us? -Sorry I cantMy parents often tell me_ that A. swim, dont doB. swim, to do C. swimming, not do D. swimming, not to do 。25_ more about tomorrows weather, call 121. OK, I will. Thank you. A. Know B.

38、 Knowing C. To know D. Known 26.-Dont forget _ my parents when you are in Beijing.-OK! I won t.A. to see B. sees C. seeing 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载27.If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to you. A. is answered, other B. answer, other C. is

39、answered, another D. answer, another 28.-My football socks are _ out. -How long have you _ them? A. worn, bought B. wearing, had C. wearing, bought D. worn, had 29. Your English is pretty good! How about _ some advice to me? With pleasure. A. give B. gives C. giving 30. Please remember _ the lights

40、when you leave the room. OK, I will. A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off . The boy is looking forward to a good time after the exam. A. to have B. has C. having D. have 31. The teacher told the students_ any food int o the computer room. A. not to bring B. not bring C. don t bring D. bring not

41、 32. We dont have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together? OK. What about _ a movie? A. to see B seeing C. to see D. sees 33. There are so many kinds of computers in the shop. I really dont know _ to choose. A. what B. which C. how D. where 34. Id like you _ for a picnic with us.A. go B

42、. to go C. going D. went 35As teenagers ，were old enough _ with houseworkWe can help set the table，wash the dishes and clean our own rooms Ato help Bhelping Chelped 36. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _. A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry 37. -What are o

43、n show in the museum? -Some photos _by the children of Yushu, Qinghai. A. have been taken B.were taken C. are taken D. taken 38. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _.A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one 39. Why not _ an

44、English club to practice _ English? A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking 40. James, Im too tired. Lets stop _ a rest.A. having B. have C. to having D. to have 41. Are you going to Tibet for vacation? Yes. I want you to _ me with some information about it. Aof

45、fer Bgive Cshow Dprovide 42 Father often tells me too much time on computer games. A dont spend B not spend C not to spend D not spending 43At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页精品资料欢迎下载lineAcreate Bcreates Ccreat

46、ing Dcreated 44.I can t decide _.You mean the purple sweater or the blue one? A. how to go there B. who to go with C. where to visit D. which to choose 。45.How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying

47、at home, go out D. going out, stay at home实战演练（二）1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating 2. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had 3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D

48、. played 4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing 5. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home 6. They were made _ four

49、teen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work 7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made 8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out 9. W

50、hen you leave, dont forget _ off the light.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned 10. Who do you think youd like _?A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with 11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat 1