2022年初中时态复习讲义 2.pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载初中英语动词时态复习I. 一般现在时1. 一般现在时的用法1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词 （always, often, usually，every day等）连用。例: He often goes swimming in summer. 他夏天经常游泳。2）表示现在的状态。例： My father is very busy. 我父亲很忙。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例： My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例：Shanghai lies i

2、n the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。5）在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。 （主将从现）例：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。2. 动词的第三人称词尾变化：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es：规则动词原形第三人称单数一般在词尾加 -s play plays 以字母 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的词加-es，读 iz,如果动词原形词尾已有 e,则只加 -s。pass fix teach wish do passes fixes teaches wishe

3、s does 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i, 再加 -es,读z。study carry studies carries 注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has. 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_ 6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _ 11. drive _ 12. choose _13. play _14. reach _ 巩固练习：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改写成否定句）_ 2、

4、His watch costs 300 yuan. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_ II. 一般过去时1. 一般过去时的用法1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。例： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。例： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 巩固练习：1、 Yeste

5、rday I went swimming.( 改写成否定句。) _ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载2、 He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问 ) _ 3 我昨天买了一辆新自行车。_ 2. 动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，look play work looked played worked 结尾是 e的动词在末尾加 -d like live liked lived 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节， 此辅音字母， 再加-ed

6、 plan stop planned stopped 词尾是“辅音字母 y” 的动词，先变“ y” 为“i” 再加 -ed study worry Studied Worried 写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _ 6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _ 10.sweep _ 11. stop _ 12.die_ 13.prefer _ III. 一般将来时1.一般将来时的构成：(1) will+ 动词原形（在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall） ：表示将来某时要发生的动

7、作或存在的状态。例： Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？(2) be going to +不定式，表示按计划，安排要发生的事。例：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？表示确信如此或有迹象表明某事即将发生。例如： Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。(3) be + V-ing, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。注意：常见的有come, go, arrive, leave 等。例：Im leaving tomorrow.

8、 明天我要走了。巩固练习：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问）_ 2. Sam will visit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_ 4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。_ IV. 现在进行时1.结构： am/is/are+动词的现在分词2. 动词 V-ing 的构成形式规则原形-ing 形式一般在动词原形末尾加-ing listen spend listening spending 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共

9、12 页学习必备欢迎下载以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加 -ing have prepare having preparing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing sit begin run sitting beginning running 以 ie 为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉 e,把 i 改为 y,再加-ing lie die lying dying 以 er 结尾的动词， 如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加 -ing；反之，则直接加 -ing prefer water preferring watering 写出下列动词的现在

10、分词形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 3. 现在进行时的用法：(1) 表示现在说话时正在发生或进行的动作。例： We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。巩固练习：1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用 now 改写句子）_ 2、They are surfing. （对划线部分提问）_ 3、瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！_ 4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。_ 用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Uncle Wang usually

11、 _ (go) to work by bike. 2. Be quiet ! The patient _ (sleep). 3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _(plant) trees over there. V. 过去进行时1. 结构： was/were+动词的现在分词 (-ing) 2. 过去进行时的用法：(1) 表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与确切的过去时间状语连用。例： At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 巩固练习：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut

12、 her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes VI. 现在完成时1. 结构：助动词have/has + 过去分词2. 写出下列动词的过去分词形式：bring catch do find eat get forget cut 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载pay know buy see come sleep spend tell 3. 现在完成时的用法(1) 表示过去发生的事情或进行的动作，终止于过去，对现在造成的影响。句中动词通常是短

13、暂性动词。例如： Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。(2) 表示从过去开始持续到现在，并可能延续。 往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如： for一段时间； since+过去时间点或从句。 （Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for 用来说明动作延续时间长度） ，提问用 How long.例如： It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。They have learned English for e

14、ight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。(3) 注意的问题：1 短暂性的动词 (appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop) 不能与延续性时间（一段时间）连用。例如： He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确) 2 现在完成时不与具体的过去时间连用，如：yesterday, last week, in

15、 1998, two days ago等。3 have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 的区别：have/has been to have/has gone to 4 比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用， 如 yesterday, last week ， ago, in1980, in October, just now 等， ；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。I saw this film yesterda

16、y. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）巩固练习：1、-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I _ here. A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming 2、-Have you _ been to our town be

17、fore? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here VII. 过去完成时1. 结构：助动词had过去分词2. 过去完成时的用法：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

18、 - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“ by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。例如： The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。巩固练习 :1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A

19、. had metB. have metC. metD. meet 2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB，were writing, has leftC. had written, had left

20、D. were writing, had left 4、My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont findB. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent foundD. is missing, havent found.中考动词时态考点分析一、根据时间状语确定时态的原则1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002 辽宁) A. has begun B. had begun C. has bee

21、n on D. began 析 1. C。since 后接时间的起点， for 后接时间段，主句动词用现在完成时，应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。二、在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002 黑龙江) A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come 析 2. C。if 既可引导宾语从句，也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句

22、的连接词时，相当于 whether，词义是 “ 是否” 。充当状语从句的连接词时，词义是 “ 如果 ” 。从时态看，if 引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化；引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时，若主句用一般将来时，则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。三、根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则3. When this kind of computer ? -Last year. (2002 天津 ) A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used 析 3. B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态，并且要考虑到被动语态。四、利

23、用上下文语意确定时态的原则4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载-Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002 江西) A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got 析 4. B。此例由 didn t, at the party推断出应用过去进行时。五、时态中的 “ 特殊 ” 对策的原则5. The teacher told us y

24、esterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002 辽宁 ) A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 析 5. A。 有些动词其动词的时态是“ 违背常理 ” 的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时，其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。中考真题训练1. The population of the world _ still _ now. （2009 甘肃兰州）A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown2. -Good evening. I _ t

25、o see Miss Mary. （2009 甘肃兰州）-Oh, good evening. I m sorry, but she is not in. A. have come B. come C. came D. had come3. I first met Lisa three years ago when we _ at a radio station together. （2009 甘肃兰州）A. have worked B. had been working C. were working D. had worked4. If you carefully, you the repo

26、rt well. （2009 广州）A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand C. listen; will understand D. listen; understand5. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009 广州）A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned6. How did the accident happen

27、? （2009 广州）You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it . A. was; was raining B. is; has rained C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening. A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have8. What does your sis

28、ter like doing in her spare time？She watching TV. （2009 湖北武汉）A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked9. When Jessy to New York？Yesterday. （2009 湖北武汉）A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got10. How clean the bedroom is! （2009 湖北武汉）Yes, I am sure that someone it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has

29、 cleaned D. had cleaned11. My friend _ me. I have to leave now. （2009 河北）A. waits for B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for 12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he _. （2009 河北）A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -

30、第 6 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载13. I _ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? （2009 河北）A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write 14. -Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening?（2009 山东威海）-NO, He _ to England. He will be back next month. A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return

31、15. -Who s won the first prize in the competition?（2009 山东烟台）-Henry_ . He has _ it for a week. A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given16. -Is this the place that you _ ? （2009 四川成都）-No. I ve never been there before. A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting 17. It _ outside. You d b

32、etter take an umbrella with you. （2009 江西）A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained 18. -Can I help you? （2009 江西）-I bought this watch here yesterday, but it _ work. A. won t B. didn t C. doesn t D. wouldn t 19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I _ it that way any more.（2009 江苏南京）

33、A. don t feel B. didn t feel C. haven t felt D. hadn t felt 20. -How was your trip to the ancient village?（2009 湖北宜昌）-Fantastic! We _to a museum of strange stones. A. go B. went C. are going D. will go 21. Where is Peter? （2009 湖南娄底）He volleyball with his friends in the school gym. A. plays B. playe

34、d C. is playing22. -Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White?（2009 江苏无锡）-Sorry, he isn t here right now. He _ to the theme park. A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been 23. -_ you _ your drawing? （2009 陕西绥德）-Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes. A. Did; finish B. Will; finish C. Do; finish D. Ha

35、ve; finished24. She _ as an animal trainer since 2003. （2009.北京）A. has worked B. works C. will work D. have worked25. They _ her to the party, so she was very happy.（2009.北京）A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting26. Mr. Green _ to the manager now. You d better call him later. （2009.北京）A

36、. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I _ these years. （2009.安徽）A. watch B. will watch C. have watched D. was watching28. -Alice, turn down the TV , please. I _ on the phone. -Oh, sorry. （2009.安徽）A. have talked B. talked C. am talking D. talk

37、29. - Where are the Greens, may I ask? （2009 吉林通化）- Well, they _ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now. A. have been B. are going to C. have gone D. will go 30.The teachers_ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didnt meet them. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

38、 -第 7 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载A. had been away from B. had left C. have been away from D. have left 31. Has your father finished his report? （2009 扬州）Sorry, I don t know. He _ it this morning. A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. had written 32. It s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma? He _ hi

39、s bike in the yard. （2009新疆阜康）A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 33. -Hi, I _ you for a long time. （2009 朝阳）-I _ in Beijing. I ve just come back. A. hadn t seen; am B. haven t seen; shall be C. didn t see; will be D. haven t seen; was 34. Today is Thursday, and Tom lost his bike last S

40、unday. We may say “ _” . A. Tom has lost his bike four days ago B. Tom has lost his bike for four days C. Tom lost his bike for four days D. It s four days since Tom lost his bike 答案： 15 BBCCB 610 AAABC 1115 CCBBC 1620 ABCAB 2125 CCDAB 2630 CCCCA 3134 ACDD 直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解定义： 直接引语： 直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引

41、号。John said, Im going to Lon don with my father. 约翰说： 我要和父亲到伦敦去。 （引号内是直接引语）间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题第一：人称的变化。顺口溜：在直接引语变间接引语时:“ 一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新” 。“ 一随主 ” 是指如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人

42、称变化如：She said, My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her . “ 二随宾 ” 是指若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate . What is your sister doing now ? He ask ed Kate what her sister was doing then 。“ 第三人称不更新” 是指如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被

43、第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said,Jack is a good worker。 Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：1如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果 主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时（4） 现在完成时

44、变为过去完成时（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观事实、真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher to ld me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。He said, Im a boy, not a girl. He

45、 said that he is a boy ,not a girl. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on

46、April 21, 1980 。He said to me, I was born in 1973. He told me that he was born in 1973. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would,

47、might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come here today。 Peter said I had better go there that day如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. 三、如何变状语：指

48、示代词this -that these- those 表示时间的词now - then today- that day Tonight-that night this week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) day next week(month)-the nex

49、t(following)week(month) 表地点的词here -there 动词bring - take come -go 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间

50、接引语应改为由whether或 if 引导的宾语从句. 如： He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? he asked me.He asked me if I went to school by bus o