2022年初高中衔接定语从句 .pdf

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1、初 高 中 衔 接 定 语 从 句一定义：1定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一_ ，叫做定语从句。2. 先行词： _ ，叫做先行词。先行词在定语从句中必不可少，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面。3. 关系词： _ ，叫做关系词。1）关系词有两类：关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, that, as . 关系副词： when, where, why 2）关系词有三个作用：连接作用： _ 。成分作用： _ 。替代作用： _ 。分析下面句子的结构：e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all. 主句是 _ ，先行词是_，定语从句是_， 关 系

2、 词 为 _， 在 定 语 从 句 中 作_ 。定语从句一览表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who 人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which 和 that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用 that whom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人或物定语I like those b ook

3、s whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页which 物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The p

4、icture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人或物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the s ame pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on which where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用 in which wh

5、y 原因原因状语I can t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用 for which . that 与 which 的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用 that 的情况1. 先 行 词 为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被the only, the very，the

6、 right 修饰时6.句中已经有who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everythin g that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we reme mbered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man th

7、at is making a speech? 只用 which,的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句中， 只能用 which 指物，1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页whom 指人。3， 代 替 整 个 主 句 的 意

8、思 时 用which. 3.He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 注意：1. 关系代词 which , that, whom 在定语从句中充当宾语时，在从句中可以省略。2. 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词，即被关系代词取代的词不能重复出现。Eg. The story which / that you told me it yesterday is interesting. 3. 定语从句中关系代词的选择最重要的是看它在定语从句中

9、作什么成分，而不能只看先行词是什么。二限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2.非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that 引导。e.g. Tom s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who 引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译

10、）三as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as as as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后， 用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is anno

11、unced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。四当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 即时训练：（用适当的关系代词填空）1）The boy _ was here a moment ago is m

12、y brother. 2）The watch _ is made in this factory is the best in our country. 3) Over there is a man, _ brother is one of my classmates. 4) The letter _ I received yesterday is from my sister. 5) The train _ was going to Nanning was late. 6) It is the desk_ leg was repaired by Tom. 7) _ we all know,

13、China is not what it used to be. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页五关系副词when, where,why 的使用1） when 表示时间，在定语从句中作_, 其先行词一般为_. 2) where 表示地点，在定语从句中作_, 其先行词一般为_. 3) why 表示原因，在定语从句中作 _, 其先行词一般为 reason. 比较下列句子：1. I will never forget the days_ I spent in the countryside. 2. I will nev

14、er forget the days _I worked in the countryside. 3. This is the factory _ my father worked last year. 4. This is the factory _ my father visited last year. 5. The reason _ he gave us was hard to accept. 6. The reason _ he was late for school is that he missed the first bus. 六介词 + 关系代词中介词的选择：1介词与定语从句

15、中的 _ 是一种习惯搭配。eg. This is the room _ _ we lived last year. 2. 介词与定语从句中的_ 构成习惯搭配。3. 介词与定语从句中的_ 构成习惯搭配。4. 表示_ 或者_ 时，用介词 of. Eg. He has three uncles, all of whom are doctors. 七关系副词与介词 + 关系代词的转化：When = at / in/ on/ during + which Where = at / in + which Why = for which For example：1. I won t forget the d

16、ays when ( = _) I stayed with you . 2. The house where ( = _ ) Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest. 3. I don t know the reason why ( =_ ) he said that. 八 高考中常见的普通名词作抽象意义的地点，如case （情况）point (点) condition （状况） position ( 位置) situation( 情形， 境况) 等作先行词时常用where 引导定语从句。Eg. There are many cases

17、 _ students can remenber some words but they can t write a good composition. 巩固练习一 、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或 which: 1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke. 3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

18、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found. 6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written. 二、选择填空：1. The

19、 man _ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. which C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those

20、 days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where

21、is the man _ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.

22、A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 12. The man _ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you

23、 showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 14. In fact，the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you? A. that B

24、. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页A. that B. which C. whatever D. all 17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B

25、. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter _came last night. A. who B. which C. that D. as 19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one 20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago. A

26、. where B. / C. when D. what 21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island. A. which B. in which C. that D. / 23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him. A. that；what B. wh

27、at；that C. which；what D. that；which 24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow? A. that B. which C. its D. whose 25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom 26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago? A. the one

28、 B. which C. that D. where 27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页