2022年外研社八年级上册英语知识点 .pdf

《2022年外研社八年级上册英语知识点 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年外研社八年级上册英语知识点 .pdf（29页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、外研社?年上英知 ?外研社 ?年上英知 ?外研社 ?年上英知 ?外研社?年上英知 ? 一般在一般在一般在一般在,一般去式及一般一般去式及一般一般去式及一般一般去式及一般一般在一般去 一般表?在的某?的?作或存在的。 或表?在?常反复 ?的?作。 表?去的某?的?作或存在的或表 ?在?常反复?的?作 表?的某?的?作或存在的定? +其它 + 其它 原+ 1. am, is, are 2. 1. was, were 2. 1. be going to 2. will/shall V 构成 ? 意?+其它 ? 的去式+其它 原+ V 注意:? 的三?化助?: 助?: 助?: 1. be2. do/d

2、oes 1. was/were2. did 1. be2. will/shall 句型注意: 助?后?复原形可以表 ?客真理法 , 如: ? 或述故事 , 必用一般去表?建或征求 ?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 29 页意?, 用1. The earth moves around the sun. 1. 1. 如: Shall we meet in the classroom shall ? 2. 用法?是否愿意或表 ?客气的邀或命令 , 用。如: Will you go to the cinema with me w

3、ill ? every day, at the weekends sometimes always often ,usually, on Sundays three days ago in 1906 yesterday last night long, long ago tomorrow, before long the day after tomorrow in two weeks some day soon, next week this week使?用法使 ?用法使 ?用法使 ?用法make : 使某?做某事。如 : make sb. do sth. Make me laugh. mak

4、e sb./ sth. 如: 使我的 ?家美?。+ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 29 页make sb./ sth. adj. Make our country beautiful. 如: 使昆林成一 ?好地?。+ Make pumpkin pies. n. Make Kunling a good place. 制作南 ?。 床。包子。Make a noise. Make dumplings. Make the bed. 制造噪 ?。犯Make a plan. Make a mistake. 制定一 ?划。 愿。 确

5、定。Make a wish. Make sure与与与与的的的的used to do be/get used to doing 去常常做某事 ,暗?在不做了。used to do Get/be used to doing/ sth. 做某事。如: 我去常常上 ?。I used to go to school by bike. I get used to getting up early. 我于早 ?。用某物做用某物做用某物做用某物做such as, like, as use sth. to do. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3

6、 页，共 29 页的用法 ?的用法?的用法 ?的用法 ? 第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制1: 意“例如 ,? 如”,表?同?例。) ( 1 such as I like something popular things , such as MP4 and yoga. 我喜流 ?的?西,例如 和瑜珈。MP4 : 是介, 后加名或代 ,意“像”( ) 2 like 如: 我很像我哥哥。I m quite like my brother:是, 后加一 ?句。( ) 3 as 如: 他是一位出 ?的歌唱家 , 像他母去一 ?。He is a fine singer, as

7、 his mother used to be的的的的wear, put on ,have on ,dress, in 是介, 后加?服或?, 如: in The girl in red is my sister. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 29 页穿?服的?孩是我妹妹。如 : 后+ dress sb. When I was young, my mother often dressed me. 我?的候, 我常我穿 ?服。Be dressed in +?服, 如: 我昨天穿了一件外 ?。I was dressed i

8、n a coat yesterday? +?服,: 表?, 表?作, 可以表?戴。wear, put on put on wear wear 如: I m wearing the school uniform todayIt s too cold, please put on your jacketYou had better wear the helmet的的的的a few a little few little , , , 一?, 加可名 , 接不可名 ; few, little a few ,a little a few a little 几乎一 ?也有, 接可名 , 接不可名。few

9、little 的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法: can ) 表?体力或智力上的能力 , 即“能 ?,?”, 可与 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 29 页( 1. 1 be able to 例如:? 他?英。He can s peak English./He is able to speak English?“?”“ ”Can you play basketball No, I cant.你?打球? 我不?。)如果表 ?具?的能力 , 要用( 2 will be able to. 例如: If I have

10、a good sleep ,I will be able to do the exercise. 假如我睡 ?好, 我就能做那道了。2 可, 主要用于口 ,? 一般用may. 例如:? “?”“ ”Can we go home now, please No, you cant.我可以在就回家 ? 不可以。 ? 你只能在 ?房?抽?。You can only smoke in this room You cant keep the library books for more than a month.的借期不可超一 ?。3. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

11、- - - - - -第 6 页，共 29 页) 表?可能,与 同?。否定表 ?“不?可能” 。( 1 may 例如:? 任何?可能?犯。Anybody can make mistakes 那消息不 ?可能是真的。The news can t be true)与第一、第二 ?用, 可以就可能的解 ?的?式或可能的 ?提出建。( 2 使气婉。在?, 也可用could 例如: 下周我可以再 ? Can/Could we meet again next week ?的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法must 第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制2) 表?“必” ,? 的

12、主意志。( 1 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 29 页例如: I must go now, or Ill be late.我必在就 ?, 否就到了。You must be here by ten o clock.你一定要在之前到 ?。10 我必跟他 ? 不必。“ ?”“ ”Must I go with them No, you neednt) 表?必, 的否定式 后?表?禁?某?做某事。?不是( 2 neednt, mustn tmust你不可以那 ?。例如: They mustnt stay there any lo

13、nger. You mustnt talk like that. 他不在那 ?再呆下去了的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法Have to 可?情?, 又作 意思是“必 , 不得不” 。) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 29 页( 1 Have to have got to, 但它与其他情 ?在用法上稍有不同。其他情?有?和的?化,? ? 要?主的不同 ?化。have to 例如: I/You/We/They have to He/She/It has to? You dont have to Does she h

14、ave to? ? 不同, ? 客需要。( ) 和2 have to must 例如: 不?, 在我得 ?了。I ve got to go to a meeting. Sorry, I have to leave now. 我得去 ?加一?。Will he have to work deep into the night 他得?作到深夜 ? You dont have to knock, just walk in. ? 你不必敲 ?, 直接就 ?。( ) dont have toneednt 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，

15、共 29 页的的的的borrow, lend, keep 三?有借的意思 , ,? 借?, ? 借出, 但?是短性 ?, keep borrow lend 也是借 , 但是持性 ?, 可与表 ?一段?的用。如: ? ? Can I borrow your eraser Can I borrow the eraser from you 我可以借用一下你的橡? Can you lend your eraser to me ? ? Can you lend me your eraser 你能把你的橡 ?借我? How long can I keep the book ? You can keep i

16、t for two weeks. 我能借本多 ? 你可以借二周。的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法Leave 形容 介短 使?保持在某种leave sth.+/ 如: 我可以 ?窗? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 29 页Can I leave the window open ?使某? ( ) 1 leave sb. by oneself 如: My mother left me by myself yesterday. 昨天我我 ?在家。离 我必离了。如: ( ) 2 leave I must leave n

17、ow?去某地注意: leave for some place 如: We re leaving for Shanghai sometime next week. 下?星期的某 ?候我要?去上海。leave behind 落在后 ? 如: I must run more quickly ,I don t want to fall behind others. 我必快跑 ,我不想落在 ?的后?。忘, 落 把匙落在家 ?。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 29 页( ) leave Leave the key at home

18、3 的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法的基本用法Keep 第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制3 在英中是非常活 ?的。用法 : keep ) 保持, 保留。( 1 keep+ sth. +adj. 如: 保持房 ?暖。Please keep the room warm. Please keep the door open. 保持房 ?。介短。keep+ sth. + 如: 把?一直放在背后。Please keep your hand behind the back 保持一直做某事。keep doing 如: When I take the train, I often k

19、eep watching the beautiful 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 29 页scenery out of the window. 我乘?, 我?常一直欣窗外的美景。系?。 ! 保持安! keep +adjkeep Please keep quiet ), 如: 我的好是一种植物( 2 My hobby is keeping plants. 含?的同?含?的同?含?的同?含?的同? 原 ”构可化 ? 的构。“1. not as/so+ than +as 如:? David didn t run as f

20、ast as Li Lei.Li Lei ran faster than David. ? David ran more slowly than Li Lei. ?This book isnt as interesting as that one.That book is more interesting than this one. ? This book is less interesting than that one. 2. ?原的句子合并成含有 ?的句子。Li Ping is ten years old. Wei Hua is seven years old. Li 精选学习资料 -

21、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 29 页Ping is older than Wei Hua. Wei Hua is younger than Li Ping. LiPing is three years older than Wei Hua. Wei Hua is three years younger than Li Ping. 3?原的句子合并成含有的原?的句子。as? as ( ) 1 I m ten years old Lucy is ten years old too. Im the same age as Lucy. ?

22、 ) ( I read as many books as Lucy. 4. 2 I read two books Lucy read two books too. ? ?等的句子中含有等, 可与最?的句子 ?。any, anyone, anything, other 如:( ) Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. the other cities in China. 1 ShangHai is the biggest city in Chinathe others in China. ? ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

23、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 29 页( Zhang Hai jumps higher than any other student in the class. the others in his class. 2 Zhang Hai jumpsthehighest in the class the other students in the class anyone else in the class. 5. ? 含有?的句子可与含有反 ?的句子 ?。如: This ruler is longer than that one. 第 版所有版所有版所有版所

24、有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制4That ruler is shorter than this one. Traveling by air is more expensive than traveling by train. ? Traveling by train is less expensive than traveling by air. 6. ? ”可与“”?。“like better prefer ( ) 1 Which coat do you like better? Which coat do you prefer? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归

25、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 29 页? ) ( 2 I like red better than black. I prefer red to black. ? ) ( I prefer singing to dancing. 7. 3 I like singing better than dancing. ? ”?。”与“like best favorite? ( ) Which coat do you like best? 1 ? Which is your favorite coat ? ) ( 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

26、- - - - - -第 16 页，共 29 页2 I like bananas best. My favorite fruit is bananas. 8. ? ”?。与“ ” “This bike is as big as that one. asasthe same?as This bike is the same size as that one. ? 形容和副的用法形容和副的用法形容和副的用法形容和副的用法) 形容是用描或修名或代的一?。12 ) 在句中主要做定和表等成分。做定修名或代( 一般不定代 ), 修名常放于名前 , 修不定代常放于不定代后, 做表和系 ?用, 构成一?系表构

27、。例如: Can you hear the loud noise? ( 定)你听到 ?的喧?了? The noise is very loud. ( 表)喧?很?。The quiet girl is my sister. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 29 页( 定)那?安的?孩是我妹妹。My sister looks very quiet. ( 表)我妹妹看 ?很安。I have nothing new to tell you. ( 定)我什么新 ?西告你。3 ) 常和形容用构成系表构的系?有: Look ( 看?

28、, 看上去 ), (感), (?), (?), get feel smell taste (? 得), (?), (成,? 得), (听?) 等。become sound turn 例如: The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气 ?暖和了 ,? 了。The flowers smell sweet. 些花?很?。You look fine. 你看?气?很好。4 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 29 页) 副是用以修 ?、形容、其他副

29、以及全句的。例如: 些男?和得很快。The children walk slowly. The men and the women walk quickly. 孩子?得很慢。They often laugh loudly. 他?常?地笑。Unluckily he hurt his leg. 不幸的是 ,他了腿。形容和副最 ?的?化形容和副最 ?的?化形容和副最 ?的?化形容和副最?的?化1 )? 化第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制5 构成?式 原 最C -est/ist/ small fast young smallestsm :list 一般在尾加fastestf

30、a:stist youngestj gist -st brave large cute bravest largest cutest 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 29 页以字母尾的形容 , 加e 以重?尾的, 如果末尾只有一 ?字母, 先?字母, 然后加?和少? big hot sad biggest hottest saddest * -est 以“?字母easy busy funny easiest busiest funniest ”尾的 ?, 先改“+y ” “y 再加”i -est , most exci

31、ting delicious famous loudly most exciting most delicious most famous most loudly 多?和部分? 在形容原前 ?加* 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 29 页种?很多?是以“ ?字母 ”尾的 ?形容。2 +y ) 不?化最? 原 Good/well best Bad/badly/ill worst Many/much most Little least Old oldest eldest Far farthest furthest 3 最?

32、的用法: ) adj,adv 注意: 它是在一定范的最 ? ( ) He is the tallest of those three 2. 13 所的象一定在范。Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 用最?的几种情 ?( 句式) 1. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 29 页有,? 且 后不是 ?。2. in/ of of 在 的最? 中。One of the most famous sights 3. Which is the best, the red one ,the wh

33、ite one or the green oneWhich one of ?adj +ns , 引的疑句 , 有三?以上的。4. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. / whose / who ?河是中 ?第二?河。形容和副前有序修是 , 多用最? 第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制6 形容形容形容形容 ,副的?的构成及其用法副的 ?的构成及其用法副的 ?的构成及其用法副的 ?的构成及其用法。 。 。1. 形容和副的 ?的构成1 )? 化构成?式 原? -er small fast young

34、smallersm :l 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 29 页一般在尾加 youngerj fasterfa:st g -r brave large cute braver larger cuter 以字母尾的形容 , 加e 以重?尾的, 如果末尾只有一 ?字母, 先?字母, 然后加?和少? -er big hot sad bigger hotter sadder * 以“?字母easy busy funny easier busier funnier ”尾的 ?, 先改“+y ” “y 再加”i -er , 精选

35、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 29 页more exciting delicious famous loudly more exciting more delicious more famous more loudly 多?和部分? 在形容原前 ?加2 ) 不?化原good/well better bad/badly/ill worse many/much more little less old older elder far farther further 2. 用法: 1 ) 表?(?或事物)的?, 形容或副 ?之

36、后用 引出?象。China is bigger than the USA.This book is more exciting than that one. than 注意:? 的象要表 ?明确。My ruler is longer than yours2 )? 不能与?。I m taller than any other student in our classI m taller 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 29 页than the other students in our class. 3 等修, 如) 在

37、形容或副 ?前, 有可以用much, a little, far, a lot ,even much better a little taller ; 。第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制7?不定式在句子中的法作用?不定式在句子中的法作用?不定式在句子中的法作用 ?不定式在句子中的法作用由于?不定式或 ?不定式短具有名、 ?、形容的特征 , 所以它在句中可以作主、表、?、定、等句子成分。1 、?不定式做主 , 表?句子的是什么 (指具体 ?作) 。例: To answer the teachers questions is very difficult To do m

38、y homework often takes me about two hours every day. 代替它作主 , 形式主,? 真正的主 (? 不定式或 ?不定式短 )被放在句尾。 由于?不定式或 ?不定式短做主放在句 ?太?, 有?重?之嫌, 所以常常用?代it 例: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 29 页It often takes me about two hours to do my homework every dayIt is good for us to do morning exercises

39、every day. 于是就出了初中 ?重要句型“形容 例: ) ( It takes me half an hour to come to school. 2 it takes sb. time to do sth. ” “it is+ for /of sb. to do sth.”+ 、?不定式作表用于“主系表”构中例: 眼?。3 To see is to believe. 、?不定式作。有些?或?常用不定式作 ,常?的有 等。agree, ask, choose, decide, hope, want, wish, would like 例: She asked to go there

40、herselfI agreed to go there with her. 4 、?不定式作 ?不定式作充明怎么 ?, 用?不定式作 ?的?有以下?种情?, 一种是用的?不定式作 ?的?, 另一种是用不的?不定式作 ?的?。to to ) 常?的能用 的不定式作 ?的?或?短有精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 29 页( tell, want, ask, teach, like, allow, would like?, expect, invite, love, prefer, wait for 1 to 等。?不定式作

41、 ?的否定形式是在不定式符? 的前?加否定副to not 。的?不定式作其 ?。些?主要是一些表 ?感官的 ?和使役 ?, 在初中段?主要有以下几 ?: ) 有些?要求用不( 2 to 一感: fell 二听: hear, listen to 三: let, make, have 四看: see, watch, notice, observe 半?助: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 27 页，共 29 页help 5 、?不定式作定。?不定式作定 , 常放在被修的后 ?, 作后置定。例: Can you tell me the w

42、ay to go to the nearest post officeDo you have anything to say for yourself? 6 、?不定式作各种)? 不定式作 ?的, 常用的构是“。例: ( 1 in order to do sth.” We use kn ives to cut things. 构中, 分表?“太不能做 ?”和“ ?做?了” 。 )? 不定式作果 ,常用于“形容或副和“形容或副( 2 +to do sth.” +enough +to do sth.”too+ 例: My mother is too tired to cook for usYour question is difficult enough to answer. 7 、 “疑 不定式”构在句子中可以做主、表、等。+ 例: When to start became a big problemCan you tell me how to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 28 页，共 29 页go to the post office? 第 版所有版所有版所有版所有不得复制不得复制不得复制不得复制8 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 29 页，共 29 页