2022年南京财经大学英语语言文学考研真题 .pdf

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1、第 1页 共 9页南 京 财 经 大 学2010 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷考试科目：613基础英语适用专业：英语语言文学考试时间：2010 年 1 月 10 上午 8：3011：30注意事项：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。I. Point out the figures of speechused in the following sentences.(10 points)1. “ It was a splendid population - for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed a

2、thome ”.()2. It is a world which will lament them a day andforget them forever. ()3. But for making money, his penwould prove mightier than his pickax. ()4. The geographic core, in Twainsearly years was the great valley of the Mississippi River,main artery of transportation in the young nationsheart

3、.()5. He commented with a crushing senseof despair on mans final release from earthly struggles.()II. Paraphrase the following sentences.(10 points)1. I was about to make any little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in,jolting me out of my sad reverie.2. We are ripping matter

4、from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balancebetween daylight and darkness.3. Every once in a while heand Wangero sent eyesignals over my head.4. With so much big money and so many big dreamspinned to an idea that is still largely on thedrawing boards, thereis no limit to the hy

5、pe.5. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.III. Vocabulary and Structure. Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.(20 points)1. BecauseEdgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _ his opinion.A)struck atB)strove forC)stuck toD)stood for2. All the tasks_ ahea

6、dof time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.A)beenfulfilledC)were fulfilledB)having been fulfilledD)hadbeen fulfilled3. The lawyer advised him to drop the _, since he standslittle chanceto win.A)eventB)incidentC)caseD)affair4. Eye contact is important becausewrong contact may createacommunica

7、tion _.A)tragedyB)vacuumC)questionD)barrier名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 2页 共 9页5. ” Why were you so late for work today?”“ _ to the company was slow owing tothe heavy traffic on the road.”A)To driveB)DrivingC)I droveD)T

8、hat I drove6. You don thave to be in such ahurry, I would rather you _ on business first.A)would goB)will goC)wentD)have gone7. Floods causebillions of dollars worth of property damage_.A)relativelyB)actuallyC)annuallyD)comparatively8. He was punished _ he should make the samemistake again.A)unlessB

9、)providedC)ifD)lest9. Contrary _ all our expectations, he sfound a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend.A)withB)forC)toD)in10.An elephant, _ few natural enemiesother than human beings, is the largest landanimal.A)it hasB)which hasC)it havingD)that has11.This report should discourage usall from eating

10、an excessoffat.A)too muchB)abundantC)unnecessaryD)additional12.On Tuesday morning we went on where we _ the day before.A)left outB)left behindC)left offD)left over13.There is no _ to the house from the main road.A)accessB)avenueC)exposureD)edge14.The author makesan analogybetween the cities of a cou

11、ntry and the parts of apersonsbody.A)a differenceB)an illustrationC)acomparisonD)a demonstration15._ is difficulton this river becauseof the numerous rocks.A)NavyB)SailC)AviationD)Navigation16.They made asuggestion at the meeting that an assistant_ appointed to help Mr.Green.A)will beB)beC)wasD)woul

12、d be17.After it was all over, it _ that both of us were pleasedwith the bargain.A)turned outB)turned aroundC)turned upD)turned about18.As _ announced in todayspapers,the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is alsoopen on Sundays.A)beingB)isC)to beD)been19.This crop doesnot do well in soils _ the onefor

13、 which it hasbeenspeciallydeveloped.A)outsideB)other thanC)beyondD)rather than20.Sandra intends to become a top studentthis semester,yet I don thavesuch high _.A)expectanceB)ambitionsC)suspicionsD)expeditions名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 -

14、- - - - - - - - 第 3页 共 9页IV.Error Correction. (10 points)Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - the learnedpatterns for thinking, feeling andacting that characterize apopulation or society, include the expression of thesepatterns in _1_material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial

15、culture - _2_abstractcreations like values, beliefs, customs and institutionalarrangements- andmaterial culture - physical object like _3_cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflectsboth the ideaswe shareor everything we make. In ordinary _4_speech,a person of culture is the indivi

16、dual can speakanother _5_language - the person who is unfamiliar with the arts,music, _6_literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to behuman is to be cultured, becauseof culture is the common world _7_of experience we sharewith other members of our group.Culture is essentially to our

17、 humanness.It provides a kind _8_of map for relating to others. Consider how you found your wayabout social life. How do you know how to actin aclassroom,or a department store, or toward aperson who smiles or laugh _9_at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized,_10_ready-made answersfor

18、 dealing with eachof thesesituations.Therefore, if we know a personsculture, we can understandand even predict a good deal of his behavior.V. Reading Comprehension. (30 points)PassageOnePrintmaking is the generic term for a number of processes,of which woodcut and engravingare two prime examples. Pr

19、ints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material)against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed,the image adheresto it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns totextiles. The process

20、was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first fortextile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process;first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers itwith a white ground, and then draws the imag

21、e in ink. The background is carved away,leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to theraised image. It is then transferred to damp papereither by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmiths art, originated in Germany and nort

22、hern Italy名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 4页 共 9页in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, tocarve). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper

23、, with acutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some inkremains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press,with sufficient pressurebeing applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinct

24、ive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtlemodeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determinethe degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharpercontrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the pro

25、duction of multipleimages. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundredgood-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Massproduction of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to amuch broader pu

26、blic than before.1. What doesthe passagemainly discuss?A. The origins of textile decorationB. The characteristics of good-quality printsC. Two types of printmakingD. Types of paper used in printmaking2. According to the passage,all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that itA. developed

27、 from the art of the goldsmithsB. requires that the paperbe cut with a burinC. originated in the fifteenth centuryD. involves carving into a metal plate3. According to the passage,what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A. Their designs areslightly raised.B. They achieve contrast through hatchi

28、ng and cross-hatching.C. They were first used in Europe.D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from oneoriginal.4. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to ownprints in the sixteenth century?A. Prints could be made at low cost.B. The quality of paper

29、and ink hadimproved.C. Many peoplebecame involved in the printmaking industry.D. Decreaseddemand for prints kept prices affordable.5. According to the passage,all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that theyA. canbe reproduced on materials other than paperB. are createdfrom a reversedimag

30、eC. show variations between light and dark shadesD. require aprinting press名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 5页 共 9页PassageTwoStatusesare marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and todetermin

31、e where we “ fit”in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attemptto place people in terms of their statuses.For example, we must judge whether the person inthe library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman,whether the unfamiliar person o

32、n our property is a thief or ameter reader, andso on.The statuseswe assumeoften vary with the people we encounter, and changethroughout life.Most of us can, at a very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require.Much of social interaction consists of identifyingand selecting among

33、 appropriate statusesand allowing other people to assumetheir statusesin relation to us. This meansthat we fit ouractions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal andinterpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficultthan others, most of usperform it rath

34、ereffortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Withincertain limits, the buyer canchoose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinesepeasantor that of a Hindu prince. We must choosefrom among the clothing presented by oursociety. Furthermore, our

35、 choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well asby our pocketbook.Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apartfrom minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses,too, come ready made, and the range of choice

36、 among them is limited.6.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statusescanhelp us_.A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB) behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD) make friends with other people7.According to the writ

37、er, people often assumedifferent statuses_.A) in order to identify themselves with othersB) in order to better identify othersC) astheir mental processeschangeD) asthe situation changes8.The word “ appraisal”(Sentence4, Paragraph2) most probably means“ _”.A) involvementB) appreciationC) assessmentD)

38、 presentation9.In the last sentenceof the secondparagraph, the pronoun “ it”refers to “ _ ”.A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB) identification of other peoplesstatusesC) selecting one sown statusesD) constant mental process名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

39、- - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 6页 共 9页10. By saying that “ an American is not free to choosethe costume of a Chinese peasantor thatof a Hindu prince”(Sentence3, Paragraph3), the writer means_.A) different people have different styles of clothesB) ready-made clothes may

40、needalterationsC) statusescome ready madejust like clothesD) our choice of statusesis limitedPassageThreeThe more time scientists spend designing computers the more they marvel at the human brain.Tasks that bafflethe most advanced supercomputer recognizinga face, reading ahandwritten note are childs

41、play for the 3-pound organ. Most important, unlike anyconventional computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried foryears to program computers to imitate the brainsabilities, but withoutsuccess. Now agrowing number of designersbelieve they have the answer: if acomputer is t

42、o function morelike a person and less like an over-grown calculator it must be built more like a brain, whichdistributes information acrossavast interconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons.Conventional computers function by followinga chainlike sequenceof detailed instructions.Although very fast,

43、their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approachworks best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. Theprocessors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like the nervecells in the brain. Since theseartificialneurons areinterc

44、onnected, they can shareinformationand performtasks at the same time.Thistwo-dimensionalapproach worksbest atrecognizing patterns.Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it torecognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples t

45、o themachine.Neural networkscome in allshapes and sizes. Untilnow most existed as softwaresimulationsbecause redesigning computerchips tooka lotoftimeand money. Byexperimenting with differentapproaches through software rather than hardware, scientistshavebeen able to avoid costly mistakes.11.It can

46、be inferred from the first paragraphthat the most advancedsupercomputer _.A)can recognize aface andread a handwritten noteB)can learn from its mistakesC) weighs only 3 poundsD) cannot distribute information acrossan interconnected web of nerve cells12.What is NOT true of a conventional computer?A)It

47、 must be programmed before it works.B)It can only solve oneproblem at a time.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 7页 共 9页C) It is good at solving one problem at a time.D) It is trained to recognize patterns instead of making de

48、cisions.13.The main feature of a neural-network computer is that _.A)its processorsact asan interconnected web of neuronsB)it is programmed to make decisionsC) its networks areof all shapesand sizesD) its neurons are artificial14.The expression “ this two-dimensional approach”in the secondparagraph

49、refers to _.A)the conventional computer and the neural computerB)making decisions andrecognizing patternsC) sharing information andperforming tasksD) the computer andthe human brain15.Scientists usesoftware rather than hardware in their experiments because_.A)it canavoid redesigning computer chipsB)

50、it cansavea lot of time and moneyC) it canavoid making mistakesD) it is more like the human brainPassageFourMy father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, tosupper. I could tell at once that he and my mother had been discussing something. In thathalf-playful,ha