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1、中考物理专题复习:逆向推理法思维训练专题复习 学案逆向推理法思维训练专题复习 学案中考物理专题复习:逆向推理法思维训练专题复习 学案班级:_姓名:_一、 本节课的学习任务在中考中,要用我们下表中的公式解决大量问题,而“逆向推理法”是解决问题的有效方法。这节课,我将和大家一起,学习使用这种方法,并应用这种方法解决相关的问题。二、在中考试题中,能用到“逆向推理法”解决问题的试题有板块专题题号内容相关公式对应练习一电学部分专题三 :电和磁6(3)电学计算欧姆定律公式:I=;电功率公式:P=,P=UI;用电器的电阻与额定电压、额定功率的关系:R=;焦耳定律:Q=I2Rt;串、并联电路规律:串联并联电流
2、I=I1=I2I=I1+I2电压U=U1+U2U=U1=U2电阻R=R1+R2R=R1R2/ R1+R2范例1、专题五11电学综合计算练习1二力学部分专题五10力学综合计算速度公式:v=;密度公式:=;重力公式:G=mg;压强公式:p=;液体压强公式:p=gh;浮力测量公式:F浮=G-F;阿基米德原理公式:F浮=液gV排;杠杆的平衡条件公式:F1l1=F2l2;滑轮组(竖直、人站在地面上)规律公式:F=;滑轮组费距离公式:S=nh功的定义式:W=Fs;功率定义式:P=;机械效率(滑轮、斜面)定义式:=,W总=W有+W额。范例2、练习2专题六13问题解决范例3三应用专题六14演绎式探究新公式范例
3、4三、练习范例1:将两个电阻R1=4、R2=12串联接入电路中,电源电压为12V,求R1两端的电压。(写出已知和求,只写解题思路)反馈练习1(10年中考改编)在如图电路中,电源电压为12V,滑动变阻器R2的最大阻值为60,小灯泡上标有“12V 7.2w”字样,电流表的量程为00.6A,电压表的量程为015V。求:(1)只闭合开关S1时,电流表示数为0.3A。则R1=40.(本节课不用求解)(2)只闭合开关S2时,电压表的示数是多大?(画出相应的等效电路图,写出已知和求,只写解题思路)*选作(3)开关S1、S2、S3都闭合时,为保证各电路元件安全使用,则滑动变阻器R2的可调范围和电流表相应的变化
4、范围分别是多少?范例2一个厚度不计的圆柱形水桶,底面积为410-2m2,盛水后把一个体积为510-3m3的实心正方体放入水中,漂浮在水面上,水面升高了0.1m,则正方体的密度为多少?(写出已知和求,只写解题思路)反馈练习2. 一个厚度不计的圆柱形水桶,底面积为410-2m2,盛水后把一个金属块投放在水中,水面升高0.2m;若把一个正方体木块放入水中,木块漂浮在水面上,水面升高了0.1m;若在正方体的上方放置一个小金属块,它们仍然漂浮在水面上,水面升高了0.5m,求金属块的密度为多少?(写出已知和求,只写解题思路)范例3.一个厚度不计的圆柱形水桶盛有水,正方体木块、小金属块,刻度尺,请你想办法测
5、出金属块的密度。(只写解题思路)(1)推导出测量金属块密度的数学表达式;(2)说明测量的步骤。(配图说明)范例4.风可以推动风车转动,水能推动水车转动,风和水都具有动能。晓丽查阅资料得知,动能Ek与质量m和速度v关系是: 。但在相同时间内,相同面积上,风和水产生的能量是不同的。在单位时间内、单位面积上从某种能源中所能得到的能量叫做能流密度。这是评价能源优劣的重要指标之一。请你推导流速为v,密度是的水能的能流密度A的表达式。_(写出解题思路)水流检测:1.(必做)将两个电阻R1=4、R2=12并联接入电路中,测得总电流为2A,求电源电压和通过R1的电流。(只写解题思路)2.(选作)弹簧、刻度尺、
6、小石块、一烧杯水,一烧杯植物油,要求:(1)推导出测量植物油的数学表达式;(只写解题思路)(2)说明测量的步骤。(配图说明)3. (选作)由于流体的粘滞性,使得在流体中运动的物体要受到流体阻力,在一般情况下,半径为R的小球以速度v运动时,所受的流体阻力可用公式表示。密度为、半径为R的小球在密度为0、粘滞系数为的液体中由静止自由下落时,小球受到GF浮f三个力的作用(如图所示)。当小球做匀速直线运动是,求此时的速度vr_。球的体积 (写出思路推导的过程,不用填写结果。) 结束语!祝大家学到有用的知识,提升自己的能力,实现自己的梦想,踏踏实实干好每一件事,为美好的明天而努力!16n7lfn7ozsw
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