第三章翻译的基本技巧之-增译法.doc

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1、_第三章翻译的基本技巧 增译法(amplification) The dust, the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos. In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 原译：四月里，全世界听到“乒”的一声；七月里，乒又“乓” 了。 改译：四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。 Their host carved, poured, serv

2、ed, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.原译：他们的主人又切又倒又服务又切面包；又说又笑又祝健康。改译：热情的主人又是切肉，又是斟酒，又是上菜，又是切面包；说啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。增译法 当然，增译法并不意味着译者可以随心所欲地添枝加叶，而必须遵守一条基本原则，即增加那些在句法上、语义上或修辞上必不可少的词语，也就是增加原文字面虽未出现但却为其实际内容所包含的词语。下面分别介绍英汉翻译中运用增译法的两种主要类型。 Amplification means supplying necessary words in our transla

3、tion on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.Outline 根据意义或修辞上的需要 根据句法上的需要 Exercises 一、根据意义或修辞上的需要 1.1 增加动词1.2 增加形容词1.3 增加副词1.4 增加名词1.5 增加表示名词复数的词1.6 增加表达时态的词1.7 增加语气助词1.8 增加量词1.9 增加概括词1.10 增加承上启下的词1.1增加动词 In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition

4、s, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。 There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers. 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。 Rostow was about to become, for lack of anyone or anything

5、better, a very influential intellectual the wrong man at the wrong place with the wrong idea. 因为找不到比他更好的人，也没有更好的办法，于是，罗斯托就要成为一个很有影响的知识分子了，这真是在错误的地方任用 错误的人去实行他的错误主张。 They had been through it all at his side the bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeatthrough empty mid-1960s until at last, in

6、1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph. 他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的战争，忍受过失败的耻辱，熬过了一事无成的二十世纪六十年代中期，好不容易挨到一九六八年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。1.2 增加形容词 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高的 热情建设社会主义啊！ The plane twisted under me, trailing flame and smoke. （敌人的）飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓

7、烟烈 焰掉了下去。 O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 啊，汤姆 康迪，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么煊赫 啊！ 1.3 增加副词 The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐 散开了。 As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝 地讲个没完。 Tremaine sank down with his face in his hands. 屈里曼两手蒙住脸，

8、一屁股 坐了下去。 In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors together. 在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而 相遇，继而 相爱，终而 并肩开拖拉机了。 He was fascinated by the political processes the wheeling and dealing of presidentia

9、l politics, the manipulating, releasing and leaking of news, the public and private talks. 一幕幕政治花招真使他看入迷了：总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角，尔虞我诈；对新闻消息的幕后 操纵、公开 发表和有意 透露，以及公开和秘密的谈话。 1.4 增加名词 在不及物动词后面增加名词 To wash before meal/going to bed 饭前洗手/ 睡前洗脚 Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. 玛丽在丈夫患

10、急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。 Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活 扫地 ，擦地板 ，收拾房间 。 First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱 ，下一遭就讨饭 。 Then Lieutenant Grub launched into the old recruiting routine, “See, save and serve! Hannigan, free tour to all the ports in the world. A fine shi

11、p for a home. Three meals a day without charge You mustnt let such a golden opportunity slip by.” 于是，格拉布上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了：“见见世面，攒点钱，为国家出力！汉尼根，免费周游世界上所有的港口。一艘上好的船为家，一天三餐不要钱。你千万不要错过这样的大好机会呀！ 在形容词前增加名词 A new kind of aircraft small, cheap, pilotless is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意这种飞机

12、体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。 He is a complicated man moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。 在抽象名词后增加名词 After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。 In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an eas

13、ing of tensions with China. 一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。 Profanity was tacitly given up. 亵渎神灵的粗话全都心照不宣地不用了。 在具体名词后增加名词 当具体名词表达一种抽象概念时，译文中也常根据上下文增加一些适当的名词 。 He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让

14、法官的职责战胜了父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。 Kissinger felt that Rogers was quibbling, but the lawyer in Nixon supported the quibble of a fellow lawyer. 基辛格感到罗杰斯是在挑刺儿。但是，律师出身 的尼克松支持了他同行的挑刺儿。 1.5 增加表示名词复数的词 增加数词或其他词表示复数1.6 增加表达时态的词 强调某种时间概念 时，往往要加一些词。 I had known two great social systems. 那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。 The old man ha

15、d taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 原来是老头儿曾教过孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。 I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但这次情况确是如此。 Whereas Kissinger had once needed Nixon as a channel to power, Nixon now needed Kissinger to he

16、lp him remain in power. 当年，基辛格曾需要尼克松的援引而获得权势；如今，尼克松需要基辛格帮他继续掌权。 强调时间上的对比 时，往往要加一些词。 The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.” 老头儿说：“ 听人说，从前 他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去 也许跟我们现在 一样穷。” I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去 很感激，

17、现在 仍然很感激。 The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 该高空飞机过去 是现在 仍然是一种了不起的飞机。 1.7 增加语气助词 Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛 ！我不过开开玩笑罢了 。 As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning. 我呢 ，从一开始就不赞成。 They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, cheerful an

18、d undefeated. 那双眼睛啊 ，象海水一样的颜色，愉快，毫不沮丧。 It is entirely possible that things are being done for my release right now and that it takes time to do this. 完全有可能眼下正在想办法使我获释，只不过需要时间而已 。 1.8 增加量词 名量词 A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日 从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。 Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon

19、. 一钩新月 渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。 A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水 蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。 动量词 Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番。 Herb gave her a sly look. 赫伯狡猾地看了她一眼。 I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替

20、她万分担忧，但此时此地，既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。1.9 增加概括词 e.g. You and I 你我两人 The United States, England, and France. 美、英、法三国 Militarily, politically and economically 军事、政治、经济等各方面 The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages. 美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。 The thesis summed up the new ach

21、ievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets. 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。1.10 增加承上启下的词 Yes ，I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况 算是有点赶时髦吧！ For mistakes had been made ，bad ones. 因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是 很糟的错误。 Two, we hea

22、rd later, were sent to college, at the government expense, while one, it was rumored, had attempted to blackmail the Agency. Unsuccessfully. (Francis Gary Powers) 我们后来听说，两人已由政府资助送进大学学习，并据传说，一个曾试图对中央情报局进行讹诈，结果 并未得逞。 二、根据句法上的需要 2.1 增补原文回答句 中省略部分 2.2 增补原文句子中所省略的动词2.3 增补原文比较句 中的省略部分 2.4 增补原文含蓄条件句 中的省略部分

23、 2.1 增补原文回答句中省略部分 Is this your book? Yes, it is. 这是你的书吗？是我的。 (Yes, it is = Yes, it is mine.） Rebecca: “What! Dont you love him ?” Amelia: “Yes, of course, I do.” 利蓓加：“怎么？你不爱他？” 艾米丽：“我当然爱他。” (Yes, of course, I do. = Yes, of course I love him.)2.2 增补原文句子中所省略的动词 Reading make a full man; conference () a

24、 ready man; writing () an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人 机智，写作使人 准确。 We dont retreat, we never have () and never will (). 我们不后退，我们从没有后退 过，将来也决不后退 。 An Eagle and a Fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the Eagle () at the summit of a high tree, the Fox () in a hole at the foot of it. 一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好地住在

25、一起，鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上，狐狸住在树下一个洞里。 “No!” Jesse jumped up. “No, I believed that too. But I dont () now.” “不！”杰西跳起来了。“不，过去我也是相信的。可是现在，我不相信了。” He remembered the incident, as had his wife (). 他记得这件事，他的妻子早就记起 了。 Everything was on a larger scale for him, the highs were higher, the lows () lower. 他总是喜欢夸大事实，高的说得更高，

26、低的说得 更低。 2.3 增补原文比较句中的省略部分 The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就象他们愿意服侍 他们的女主人一样。 Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训 更好。 I can say to you, without any flattery, that the Chinese way of co-operations is more in

27、ventive and fruitful than others. 我可以对你说我这样说没有任何奉承之意中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有成果。2.4 增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略部分 We didnt admit it (escape) was impossible. To do so would have been to surrender one of our few hopes. 我们认为越狱不是不可能的。如果 认为不可能，那就等于把我们仅存的一点希望也放弃了。 In agreeing to what was already the status quo, Khrushchev

28、 would have had far more to gain than to lose. 假如赫鲁晓夫已同意维持现状，对他来说就会是得多失少。 At the time of Kennedys assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸。 He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyali

29、sts, but an open one would have dire consequences. 他了解到忠于肯尼迪的那些人在消极反对他，但是如果他们公开反对，那就会产生可怕的后果。 But without Adolf Hitler, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. 然而如果没有阿道夫希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。Exercises My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. (v.) 我干 工作，

30、我做 家务，我有朋友往来 ，这些占用了我的全部时间。 “This is grasping at straws, I know,” said the helpless man. (a.) “ 我知道，这是在抓救命 稻草，” 他无可奈何的说。 A seagull saw the light from my window and darted up to it. (ad.) 一只海鸥看见窗户透出的灯光就一下子 朝它扑去。 The invading troops looted and raped wherever they went. (n.) 入侵士兵每到一处就抢劫财物 ，奸污妇女。 He was

31、wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. (n.) 他满脸 皱纹，皮肤 很黑，头发灰白稀疏。 Very acute problems exist among them. （表复数的词） 他们之间存在着种种 非常尖锐的问题。 Mother insisted to this day that she thought I was just joking. （表时间的词） 直至今天母亲还坚持说，她当时 以为我只是开开玩笑罢了。 He squeezed his sister too and gave her a gentle push. （量词） 他也捏了一下他

32、的妹妹，并且把她轻轻的推了一下 。 The little boy had brought with him knife, scissors and what not, tinkling in his pocket. （语气助词） 这个小孩随身带着刀子啦 ，剪子啦 ，以及诸如此类的东西，在口袋里丁零当啷的直响。 His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度 使谁也不喜欢他。 Thus he grew in body and soul. （增加概括词） 这样，他在身心两方面都成长起来了。 He stepped to the platform and paused: a little dingy station, a small crowd of travelers. （增加承上启下词） 他跨到月台上，停了停，只看见一个阴沉沉的小车站和一小群旅客。 They would not have done such a thing without government approval. 如果没有得到政府的同意，他们是不会做这种事的。15_