高考英语信息匹配题解题技巧及练习(附答案).doc

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1、_高考英语信息匹配题解题技巧及练习（附答案）一、概述信息匹配题是近年来高考英语中出现的一个新题型，其目的是考查考生通过快速阅读获取信息和处理信息的能力。从目前的情况来看，这类题型的所涉及文章体裁大都属于应用文，如广告(含招聘广告、产品销售广告、宣传广告、电影海报等)、简历、图书资料、社交书信和产品说明书等，总的说来，其实用性比较强。二、解题技巧（一）步骤：先“少”后“多”先读总字数少的那一板块内容，锁定了其中的关键信息后，再读字数多的那一板块内容并进行匹配。这里之所以不提“先读题目后读文章”，是因为有些信息匹配题可能会出现“匹配题目信息多过文章信息”的情况，如2011年高考广东卷就出现了这种情

2、形。如果还是按照传统的“先题后文法”去做，就会特别吃力。因此先“少”后“多”是做是做信息匹配题的总体步骤。 “先题后文法”阅读理解非常常用的一种方法，它指的是在做阅读理解题时，先读题目，然后带着问题去读文章，遇上相关信息画上记号，最后再通过分析和比较得出答案。对于信息匹配题来说，“先题后文”指的就是先读匹配对象，然后带着匹配对象中的关键信息阅读前面的信息材料，最后确定答案。这种方法的好处就在于，它可以提高阅读的针对性，从而提高答题速度和答题的准确性。（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词正确锁定关键信息是做好信息匹配题的重要一步。如何才能迅速地锁定关键信息呢？有一个总原则：抓住实词！从词性来说，包括：名词

3、、动词、形容词、数词；从具体内容来说，包括：人名、地名、书名、产品名、电影名、行为、特征、数量、日期等。可以参照5w1h（who, what, when, where, which, how）等因素来进行锁定。不同文体的关键信息也不一样，如招聘广告：年龄、学历、经历等；产品宣传广告：产品的特点、优势、价格等；培训班招生广告：课程、时间、地点、教师、学费、入学条件和联系方式等；剧院介绍：位置、联系电话、上演剧目、时间和票价等；比如有一篇信息匹配题是这样的，题目先给出几段招聘广告，然后给出几个求职者的工作简历和求职意向进行信息匹配。其中有一个求职者的情况如下：Lynne Nagata. Lynne

4、, aged 65, once worked in a kindergarten. She is now a housewife, helping her daughter with her housework on weekdays. She is looking for a part-time job.同学们读了此信息后，可大致了解Lynne Nagata的基本情况：65岁，曾在幼儿园工作，现为家庭主妇，周日为自己的女儿做家务，求兼职工作。然后同学们带着这些信息去阅读相关广告，初扫一眼，初步对比之后，发现下面这两个广告比较接近：Teacher Needed: Tommys Kinderga

5、rten needs 2 teachers / trainers to help with classes from 9 a.m to 3 p.m. Applicants should have appropriate licenses. For more information visit Tommys Kindergarten in Leicester Square No. 56.Part-time work available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part-time at the weeken

6、d. Responsibilities include answering the telephones and giving customers information. For more information contact us by calling 345-674132.前面的第一则广告中有一个信息很关键，那就是Kindergarten。这个广告初看好像很适合Lynne Nagata，但继续往后面看，就不合适了，因为它要求从早上9点工作到下午3点，且要求具有相应的资格证，这些似乎与Lynne Nagata的信息不很吻合。然后我们再看后面的第二则广告，这里面有好两个关键信息：一是“re

7、tried(退休)”与“65岁”很吻合；二是“周末兼职”与“周日帮女儿帮家务”也很吻合，因为只需周日做家务就意味着周末有空。显然答案只能是第二则广告了。（三）匹配技巧、寻找同义、相同的词或词组。如2011年高考广东卷中的第46题里出现了 a cat-and-mouse game一词，而F选项里也出现了这同一词组，因此毫无疑问，这一相同的关键信息决定了两个内容是相匹配的。、寻找近义词或词组。如joined by=linked by；、留意数字（包括时间）。数字的位置是最容易找的，如果问题提及过，用寻找关键字的方法就能找到答案。注意，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。（四）读懂省略文字信息匹配题通常涉

8、及的是应用文，而应用文类文体的语言都比较简洁和精炼，有时甚至还会出现一些省略句，考生做题时若能具备这方面的一些知识和能力，并能根据上下文对有所省略的句子作出准确理解，则可大大提高得分率。如招聘广告中经常用到的Typist Needed就是一个典型的省略句，为A typist is needed之省略，其意为“招聘打字员”。又如下面是某人与一个渔夫朋友的对话，其中用的均为省略句，你看看能否读懂：A：Going?B：Been. A：Big?B：Small.以上四个句子均为省略句，若补充完整则为：A：Are you going fishing?B：No. I have been fishing.A：

9、Have you caught any big fish?B：No. I only caught some small fish.像这样的省略假若同学们不能作出正确理解，其后的题目自然就无法答出了。（五）学会“认”生词信息匹配题中有时会出现生词，尤其是一些广告类应用文，通常会出现一些考生不认识的人名、地名、书名、电影名、产品名、网站名等，这些生词如果从句子结构上分析能够确定是属于实词，就只需要标识出来，然后在下文阅读中如果检索到相同的词，一般就可以确认它们是匹配的信息。也就是说，并不需要学生完全读懂该生词的具体中文意思，只需要及时“认得出”就可以了。在具体操作上，考生可以这样进行：对于不熟悉的

10、人名，可以理解为“某人”；对于不熟悉的地名，可以理解为“某地”；对于不熟悉的书名，可以理解为“某书”；对于不熟悉的电影名，可以理解为“某电影”；以此类推。（六）巧用标注记号要阅读材料信息时可用笔划出关键点，以引起注意，便于记忆和理顺思路。同时，对于已选用的匹配项，也可用笔标明，以排除干扰，减轻大脑负担，从而提高解题速度和答题的准确性。假若在五个题目中已经匹配了三个，并且均很有把握，而剩下的两个还一时拿不准，此时可以在已经做好题目前打个钩，在拿不准的两个题目前打个问号，这样可以缩小匹配范围，提高针对性。巩固练习：2011年广东高考英语信息匹配首先请阅读下列近期热播的国外影视作品的海报及提示性文字

11、：A. When it come to the essential story line, the movie is all about a bird traveling several thousand miles for the purpose of setting up a rare bird family.B. Cracks explores the evil force developed within a closed society, the single-minded violence of the mob mentality, and the seductive charm

12、of the heroine.C. Eleven years after Sidney Prescott tangled with a mad killer, the Scream series has been exhumed. It was fun and breezy in 1996. In 2011, its about as fresh as the whiff.D. Soul surfer portrays the comeback spirit and faith of shark attack survivor and champion surfer Bethany Hamil

13、ton.E. Although it is a better fantasy than a comedy, this movie never fully embraces either side of the dramatic types and ends up a bastard of mixed blood.F. This movie is a richer and more compelling thriller involving a cat-and-mouse game than the average roller coaster ride into tension and mis

14、ery. And it also has a “clean” ending.以下是这些影视作品的背景简介或故事梗概。请将相关背景简介或故事梗概与影视作品的海报及提示性文字匹配起来。46. Having spent most of her life in the worlds of Finland and toughened herself with half her teen years harsh training as a killer, she decides that she is ready to enter society. Her first mission is to kill

15、 Marissa, her mothers killer. The plan goes much as expected, except the “Marissa” is an imposter. Hanna becomes the prey in a cat-and-mouse game with the real Marissa, causing tension and misery.47. Blu is a domesticated macaw from the jungles of South America. If Linda, his owner, brings him to Ri

16、o, the bird can mate the last female blue macaw and re-start the species. Blus encounter with his bride-to-be, Jewel, doesnt go well, but the two arent given much time to get to know each other before a gang of bird-hunters spirits them away. Now its up to Blu and Jewel to escape the criminals.48. P

17、erhaps surprisingly, it works reasonably well until the jokes get in the way, testifying to how durable fantasy clichs are. Yet, considering the talent involved on both sides of the camera, audiences may be expecting more. Even though it emerges from an uncrowded genre in which the competition is sp

18、arse, Your Highness is forgettable and it likely wont take long before it is forgotten.49. The film begins with the heroine at age 13, already a champion surfer who has been winning trophies since she was 9. On an idyllic Hawaii day, she is practicing for next competition when a shark strikes, bitin

19、g off her left arm. She makes a quick physical recovery and is back on her surfboard after several weeks, but her spiritual recovery is more complicated as she struggle to believe she can and should keep surfing. She goes out their and shows the world she can be a beacon for human soul.50. The Ghost

20、 Face Killer has chosen this year to emerge from the winter long sleep, and his targets appear to be Sidney and those few remaining family members. Scream 4 offers little more than a group of familiar characters wandering around a horror movie setting and uttering self-referential one-liners as the

21、body count mounts. The story is thin and belabored more an excuse to encounter old friends and revel in new gore than tha “revision” promised by the promotional material.2008年广东高考英语信息匹配信息匹配 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。以下是为留英学生编写的系列留学指南的简介：A. The number-one guide to

22、what to study in the UKThis two-volume guide features up-to-date and in-depth information about UK course options and institutions. It also includes course charts, teaching and research ratings, and advice on choosing your course.B. The A to Z of where to study in the UKA reference directory of UK i

23、nstitutions belonging to the British Councils Education Counselling Service. Includes easy-to-use comparative data on everything from accommodation to courses and fees.C. The essential online guide to UK educationThis site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and livin

24、g in the UK, including hotlinks to the British Councils Virtual Campus and institutions own web sites.D. The practical guide to making the most of your UK experienceThis fully updated book features the latest information about study opportunities, traveling to the UK, arranging accommodation, workin

25、g in the UK, financial and legal matters, and student life.E. New guide to choosing the right UK courseEvery year, The Times newspaper compiles a league table of all the UKs ninety-seven universities. This is published as The Good University Guide, which features over fifty tables ranking universiti

26、es by degree subject.F. The magazine that shows why so many international students choose to study in the UKIf youve enjoyed reading this magazine and want to keep up with the latest UK student news and views, place your order now for issues 3 and 4.以下是留英指南图书或杂志的封面，请匹配封面与其对应的简介：【答案与解析】1. F。关键词是issue

27、。第一幅图最上面的Issue 2, 2008与F段材料中的place your order now for issues 3 and 4相吻合。2. E。关键词是times。第二幅图中的THE TIMES与E段材料中的Every year, The Times newspaper compiles相吻合。3. C。关键词是studying and living in the UK。第三幅图中的文字Studying and living in the United Kingdom与C段材料中的a wide range of information on studying and living i

28、n the UK相吻合。4. B。关键词是directory。第四幅图中的Directory of British Universities与B段材料中的A reference directory of UK institutions相吻合。5. A。关键词是volume。请注意第五幅图中的Volume 1与A段材料中的This two-volume guide features，其他几段材料中均没有出现volume一词。信息匹配专项训练 （1）The people below are all looking for a hotel in Scotland for their holidays

29、. After the description of these people, there is information about six Scotland hotels A-F. Decide which hotel would be most suitable for the people mentioned in questions 1-5 and then mark the correct letter(A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one hotel which you dont nee

30、d to use. 1Two women friends who want to do several all-day hikes in the mountains during the spring. They like a place with traditional decorations and superb views 2A woman with two children aged six and ten, who will spend July in Scotland. The children are interested in animals and plants and th

31、e mother enjoys fashions. 3A handicapped lawyer who must use a wheelchair but drives her own car. She enjoys concerts, museums, fine architecture and swimming. She will spend the first two weeks of October in Scotland. 4A writer, a teacher and their one-year-old daughter. They want to be in a quiet

32、place during August. They enjoy good food, and like to take long walks(the baby rides in a back-pack). 5An old couple, aged 65 and 68. They love mountain scenery and still take easy walks by the lakeside when they can. They hope to enjoy fresh air and some relaxing activities.AEdinburgh. Post House

33、A popular base for visitors to Edinburgh, this fine hotel stands next to the zoological Gardens within easy reach of the many famous sights, shops and entertainments of one of Europes most elegant capitals.BGatehouse of Fleet. Cally Hotel This impressive hotel, well-known for its good Scottish cooki

34、ng, is an ideal choice for a relaxing family holiday. Set in 100 acres of private grounds, the Cally, a former stately home, has something for everyone including its own fishing lake, outdoor heated swimming pool, green lawn, tennis court, childrens playground and sauna baths.CGlenborrodale. Glenbor

35、rodale Castle Hotel There can be few better places for a refreshing holiday than this picturesque hotel set in its own 120 acres of beautiful countryside by charming Lake Sunart on the Ardnamurchan Peninsular（半岛）. Boating and fishing are both available here.DInverness. Royal Hotel! A unique feature

36、of the Royal is its fine collection of antique furniture, china and glass. This friendly comfortable hotel, a favourite meeting place for the townspeople, is an excellent base for getting to know the Highlands-Lake Ness, Great Gien and Culloden Moor are all within easy reach.EPeebles. Tontine Hotel

37、The Tontine had a fascinating beginning-it was built in 1808. This homely hotel has been extended to make it a really comfortable base for exploring the Tweed Valley and the attractive Lowland country.FNorth Berwick. Marine HotelThis fine hotel overlooks the famous West Links golf course and is clos

38、e to several sandy beaches. The Marine has its own open-air swimming pool and putting green as well as tennis courts, squash courts and saunas. Edinburgh, well-know for its art festivals, is only some 24 miles away.（2）Here are five letters from readers listed in 1-5. All the greetings and signatures

39、 are left out. Suppose you are a secretary of the magazine CR (Crazy English Reader), for each one find a suitable reply from A-F. Mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra reply which you dont need to use. 1. I am a reader of CR. Recently I found students translate some

40、 articles of CR. I appreciate your offering an opportunity to us beginners to practise using English. So I want to ask how they can obtain these articles and translated them for you, and what qualities you require. Thank you. 2. I love your Crazy English Reader magazine! It provides valuable data fo

41、r work in our English teaching. My wife and I are teaching Conversational English so Ive been giving you a bit of a plug at our middle school. I told the students to “get a copy!” Its good stuff! Fantastic! 3. Im one of Yaos fans from Guangzhou. I have read the Yao Ming articles in No.7 Crazy Englis

42、h Reader. I want to know his correspondence address and the official website. Could you please tell me? Thank you very much indeed. 4. First of all, I must say thank you very much to all the CE Reader editors who gave us a really good English magazine. Secondly, I want to give you a piece of advice.

43、 In each passage, you gave us some new words with their Chinese translation. However, as far as my knowledge, I think you should give us not only the Chinese meaning but also the English meaning so as to know the words more accurately. Thank you! 5. I am an editor of the English Monthly of our schoo

44、l. I have a question that is how to say the position of the paper e.g., 总编 责任编辑 and so on. I hope you can help me to tell me the word in English. The more the better. Thank you so much! I love the book very much. Now, I do this work, I need study more information about this work, if you have time, p

45、lease email me. Thank you.A Thank you for your suggestion. We may try that in some future issues of CR. I think the best way to improve your reading vocabulary is to be able to guess the meaning of the word from the other words around it. Also, if you have an English dictionary, its good to look up

46、the words and then mark them down in a notebook and review them later on. Then if you really want to learn how to use the words, try using them in conversation or in writing. Hope this helps.B The best way for you to learn the different positions in a newspaper or magazine is to get a copy of an all

47、-English magazine or newspaper and then copy down the different positions. There are also titles such as Managing Editor, reporter, Copy Editor, Photo Editor and Layout Editor. I hope this helps. If you have some more specific questions, you can send them to me and Ill try to answer.CThe best way to

48、 reach Yao directly is through his home team, the Shanghai Sharks. You can write him at 2570 Xietu Road, Shanghai. For more information on Yao, you can look at the sports section in sina. com. I hope this helps. Another idea is that you can try to write Yao while hes living and playing in Houston. You can try to reach Yao in the US at: Yao Ming Compaq Centre 10 Houston, TX 77046D Thank you for being such a careful reader of CR. Yes, youre right we made a mistake in the w