最新-仁爱英语八年级上册情态动词专练讲解.doc

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1、精品资料2016-仁爱英语八年级上册情态动词专练 讲解.初中英语代词情态动词总结及练习题情态动词专题：情态动词（一）情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去的能力。 She can dance well but two years ago she couldnt dance at all. 2）表示推测“可能” 多用于否定句和疑问句。

2、用于肯定句时表示（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。Could 表示可能性更小。 He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。Can it be true?You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing. 气温可降至60，也就是零下60。3）表示请求允许。

3、“可以”Could 语气更加委婉。Can (could) I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？2. may (might)1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。多用于否定句 和疑问句You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗

4、？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式Yes, please. / Certainly. /sure /yes，you can.No, you cant./ Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.2）表推测“可能”用于否定句和肯定句might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可

5、能不同意他的意见。They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3. must1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。 Must we hand in our exercise books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ Yes, you must.No, you neednt. No, you dont have

6、to. No, you dont need to. Youd better not.注意：不必。一般不用mustnt。mustnt表示禁止。2）表示推测。强有力的 有证据的推测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。4. shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？

7、Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？ What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈 述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carryi

8、ng out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some mo

9、re coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont open. 这门打不开。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。6.would（will的过去式）1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. I said I would do anything f

10、or you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。7. should1）表义

11、务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。8. ought to 1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做）

12、，口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。9. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和

13、否定式有两种。He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。I usednt (didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？10.need作情态动词的用法：1）ne

14、ed用作情态动词时表“必须必要”的意思,后直接跟动词原型,且need无人称、数的变化。need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中.Need he bring his laptop tomorrow?明天他必须带他的笔记本过来吗?You neednt worry about it becuse its not your fault.行啦,你不必担心的因为那不是你的错.注意:need与must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答时一样的。2）need作实意动词的用法：1、need + something 需要某物 I need some fruits to eat.我需要些水果来吃.2、need to d

15、o something 需要做某事 You dont need to have the bike repaired right away.你不必马上去修车.3、need doing = need to be done 需要The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.房间需要打扫了.4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事 I need someone to help me out of this problem.我需要找人来帮助我解决这个问题.3）need作名词的用法： need用作名词时,

16、既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.主要常用句型如下：1、(Theres) no need to do something 没必要做某事 Theres no need to cover such a long distance.没必要走那么远的距离.2、in (great) need of （非常）需要 The rescue team is in great need of medicine.救援小组非常需要药品.3、if need be 如果需要的话 If need be,Im going to do you a favor.如果需要的话我会帮你的.（四）几组词的辨异 1. can 和be

17、 able to 1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种 时态形式。Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而waswere able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。He could across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day. 他能游过

18、英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。2. must和 have to must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式。I told her that she must give up smoking.我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night.我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。（五）练习1. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _.A. Could .c

19、ouldnt B. Might.might notC. Could.can D. May.cant2. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself.A. may B. might C. will D. might have3. You _ those letters. Why didnt you ?A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.4. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up.A

20、. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get5. Need we do this job now?Yes, _.A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can6. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked7. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished

21、.A. may B. must C. can D. might8. -Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may9. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. can C. may D. will10. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. needntB. cant C

22、. shouldnt D. wont 12. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.A. may B. might C. can D. could13. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left.A. may B. must C. can D. need14. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week.A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work15. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to16. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can