最新《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案.8-12selectA.doc

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1、精品资料计算机英语(第4版)课后练习参考答案.8-12selectA.Unit Eight: The InternetUnit Eight/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.research2.ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers3.router; gateway4.temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated5.ISP或Internet service work; ho

2、st7.decimal8.mnemonicII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2.IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3.autonomous system 自主系统4.dial-up connection 拨号连接work identifier 网络标识符6.binary notation 二进制记数法7.mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8.Internet-wide directory sy

3、stem 因特网范围的目录系统9.name server 名称服务器10.Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11.助记地址 mnemonic address12.网吧 cyber cafe13.宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access14.顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD)15.因特网编址 Internet addressing16.点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation17.因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP)18.专用因特网连接 dedicated

4、 Internet connection19.主机地址 host address20.硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections. Telephone company systems

5、of that time established a single connection between sender and receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. When a company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the company placed a telephone call to establish the connection,

6、 and then connected one computer to each end of that single connection.The U.S. Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of this single-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a different method of sending information through multiple channels. In this

7、method, files and messages are broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences, and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network calle

8、d the ARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments that increased its speed

9、 and efficiency.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。不少人认为，是万维网（WWW或简称the Web）为这个全球网络提供了“制胜法宝”。万维网被视为因特网的内容，它通过使用管理与链接文本、图形、声音和视频的一套丰富工具来提供各种信息。在万维网上提供和查看信息，是使用服务器应用程序和客户应用程序完成的。如果你已经探索过万维网，你就会看出客户端应用程序就是万维网浏览器。万维网浏览器接收、解释和显示来自万维网的网页信息。用户可以在网页

10、之内浏览，可以通过点击超文本链接跳到其他网页，也可以指向万维网上的几乎任何网页。Unit Nine: Mobile and Cloud ComputingUnit Nine/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.cluster; utility2.Internet3.intranet4.hybrid5.private; public6.multi-core; disk7.desktops8.physicalII.Translate the following terms or phrases

11、 from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.server farm 大型机服务器2.access protocol 存取协议，访问协议3.storage area network 存储区域网（络）4.high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算5.server cluster 服务器集群6.public cloud 公共云7.grid computing 网格计算8.security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构9.social networking 社交网络10.utility

12、computing 效用计算11.云计算提供商 cloud computing provider12.存储芯片 memory chip13.基于内部网的私有云 intranet-based private cloud14.网络带宽 network bandwidth15.混合云 hybrid cloud16.磁盘阵列 disk array17.软件即服务 Software as a Service (SaaS)18.集群计算 cluster computing19.虚拟化计算机资源 virtualized computer resources20.多核处理器 multi-core proces

13、sorIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastructure layer is deployed first to support IaaS (Infrastructure as a Servic

14、e) services. This layer serves as the foundation for building the platform layer of the cloud for supporting PaaS (Platform as a Service) services. In turn, the platform layer is a foundation for implementing the application layer for SaaS applications. The infrastructure layer is built with virtual

15、ized compute, storage, and network resources. The abstraction of these hardware resources is meant to provide the flexibility demanded by users. Internally, virtualization realizes automated provisioning of resources and optimizes the infrastructure management process. The platform layer is for gene

16、ral-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. This layer provides users with an environment to develop their applications, to test operation flows, and to monitor execution results and performance. In a way, the virtualized cloud platform serves as a “system middleware (中间件

17、)” between the infrastructure and application layers of the cloud. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. Service applications in this layer include daily office management work. The application layer is also heavily used by enterprise

18、s in business marketing and sales, consumer relationship management, financial transactions, and supply chain management.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:云计算动态供应硬件、软件和数据集，以此方式按需应用一个拥有弹性资源的虚拟化平台。其目的是通过在数据中心使用服务器集群和巨型数据库而将桌面计算转移到一个面向服务的平台。云计算充分利用其低成本与简单的特性既惠及用户也惠及提供商。机器虚拟化使

19、这样的成本效益成为可能。云计算意在同时满足许多用户应用程序的需要。云生态系统必须设计得具有安全性、可信性和可靠性。有些计算机用户将云视为一个集中式资源池，而另外一些计算机用户则认为云是一个在所用的各个服务器上实行分布式计算的服务器集群。传统上，一个分布式计算系统往往由一个自主管理域（如一个研究实验室或公司）为内部计算需要而拥有和使用。然而，这些传统系统遭遇数个性能瓶颈：系统维护需要不断进行；利用率差；与硬件软件升级有关的费用日益增长。作为一种按需计算范式，云计算可解决这些问题或可使我们摆脱这些问题。Unit Ten: Computer SecurityUnit Ten/Section AI.F

20、ill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.confidentiality; availability2.data3.authenticity4.integrity5.Passive; active6.availability7.ease; security8.assuranceII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.backup system 备份系统2.encryption key （

21、加密）密钥3.data confidentiality 数据机密性4.system vulnerability 系统脆弱性，系统脆弱之处5.unauthorized access 未经授权的访问，越权存取6.intrusion detection system 入侵检测系统7.after-action recovery 事后恢复8.software piracy 软件侵权9.authorized user 特许用户10.data unit 数据单元，数据单位11.软件版本 software version12.数据完整性 data integrity13.系统崩溃 system crash14

22、.病毒检查软件 virus-checking software15.综合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy16.软件配置管理 software configuration management 17.故障隔离 fault isolation18.统计数据库 statistical database19.保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm20.数据流 data streamIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following

23、list, making changes if necessary:An access control mechanism mediates between a user (or a process executing on behalf of a user) and system resources, such as applications, operating systems, firewalls, routers, files, and databases. The system must first authenticate (验证) a user seeking access. T

24、ypically the authentication function determines whether the user is permitted to access the system at all. Then the access control function determines if the specific requested access by this user is permitted. A security administrator maintains an authorization (授权) database that specifies what typ

25、e of access to which resources is allowed for this user. The access control function consults this database to determine whether to grant access. An auditing function monitors and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources.In practice, a number of components may cooperatively share the acce

26、ss control function. All operating systems have at least a rudimentary (基本的), and in many cases a quite robust, access control component. Add-on security packages can add to the native access control capabilities of the OS. Particular applications or utilities, such as a database management system,

27、also incorporate access control functions. External devices, such as firewalls, can also provide access control services.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:入侵者攻击从温和的到严重的形形色色。在这一系列攻击的温和端，有许多人只是希望探查互联网，看看那里有什么。在严重端的是试图阅读特许数据、对数据进行未经授权的修改或扰乱系统的个人。入侵者的目标是获得进入一个系统的机会，或者增加在一个系统中可

28、以使用的特权范围。初始攻击大多利用系统或软件的脆弱之处，这些脆弱之处允许用户执行相应的代码，打开进入系统的后门。入侵者可对具有某些运行特权的程序实施像缓存溢出这样的攻击，利用此类攻击获得进入一个系统的机会。另外，入侵者也试图获取应予保护的信息。在有些情况下，这种信息是以用户口令的形式存在的。知道了某个其他用户的口令之后，入侵者就可以登录系统并行使赋予合法用户的所有特权。Unit Eleven: CybercultureUnit Eleven/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.system

29、2.copyright3.rights4.deleted5.formatting或format6.signature7.screens8.emoticonsII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2.proprietary software 专有软件3.cc line 抄送行4.bcc line 密送行5.forwarded e-mail message 转发的电子邮件6.e-mail convention 电子邮

30、件常规7.click on an icon 点击图标8.confidential document 密件，秘密文件9.classified information 密级信息10.recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11.常用情感符 commonly used emoticon12.已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail13.电子系统 electronic system14.附件行 Attachments line15.版权法 copyright law16.电子邮件网规 e-mail netiquette17.信息高速公路 information superh

31、ighway18.签名文件 signature file19.电子数据表程序 spreadsheet program20.文字处理软件 word processorIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Instant messaging has always been a good way to stay in touch with friends. As companies look to cut costs a

32、nd improve efficiency, instant messaging is a good way to replace in-person meetings, while allowing people to collaborate (合作) through their computers. Instant messaging is a valuable new tool that is becoming as common as e-mail in the workplace.Several companies, such as Yahoo!, AOL, and Microsof

33、t, will give you free access to instant messaging. To use their systems, you will need to download their software to your computer from their websites. Some instant messaging programs include the ability to send live audio or video. With a microphone and/or digital camera mounted on your computer, y

34、ou can let other people see and hear you talking.Most instant messaging programs ask you to sign in with a password. Then, you can create a list of other people with whom you want to converse (交谈). To begin a conversation, send a message to the others to see if they are at their computers. Their com

35、puters will open a window or make a sound to tell them you want to talk to them. If they respond, you can start writing back and forth.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:新技术带来的变化速度对于全世界人们的生活、工作和娱乐方式产生了重要影响。新兴技术对传统的教学过程以及教育的管理方式提出挑战。人们经常断言，推动当今社会发生变化的最强有力因素将证明是信息技术。信息技术虽然本身就

36、是一个重要的学习领域，但同时也在所有的课程领域产生着重大影响。方便的全球通信使我们可以即时访问巨量的数据。快速的通信，加上在家里、工作场所和教育机构使用信息技术机会的增多，可能意味着学习成为一项真正持续终生的活动；在这项活动中，技术变化的速度迫使我们要对学习过程本身不断作出评估。Unit Twelve: Electronic CommerceUnit Twelve/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.boom2.business3.entities; B2G4.B2B5.B2C6.U.S.

37、或American7.capital8.broadbandII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2.B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3.dial-up modem 拨号调制解调器4.dot-com bust 网络不景气5.smart card 智能卡6.digital piracy 数字盗版7.dot-com boom 网络繁荣8.C2C transaction 消费者对消

38、费者交易9.Web auction site 拍卖网站10.fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11.射频识别装置 radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12.电子数据交换 electronic data interchange (EDI)13.库存管理技术 inventory management technology14.知识产权 intellectual property15.条形码 bar code16.货币兑换 currency conversion17.电子图书 electronic book18.视网膜扫描仪 reti

39、na scanner19.个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)20.企业对企业电子商务 B2B electronic commerceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Commerce, the negotiated exchange of goods or services, has been practiced in traditional ways for tho

40、usands of years. Electronic commerce is the application of new technologies, particularly Internet and Web technologies, to help individuals, businesses, and other organizations conduct business more effectively. As in the Industrial Revolution, electronic commerce will be adopted in waves of change

41、. The first wave of electronic commerce ended in 2000. More recently, a second wave with new approaches to integrating Internet technologies into business processes has begun. In the second wave, businesses are focusing less on overall business models and more on improving specific business processe

42、s.Using electronic commerce, some businesses have been able to create new products and services, and others have improved the promotion, marketing, and delivery of existing offerings (待售品). Firms have also found many ways to use electronic commerce to improve purchasing and supply activities; identi

43、fy new customers; and operate their finance, administration, and human resource management activities more efficiently. The inherently global nature of electronic commerce leads to many opportunities and a few challenges. Businesses must be careful to understand the trust, cultural, language, and le

44、gal issues that arise in international business.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:公司对电子商务感兴趣，原因相当简单，那就是因为电子商务能够有助于增加利润。电子商务对企业的所有好处可以概括为一句话：电子商务能够提高销售额和降低成本。在万维网上做广告做得好，可使甚至一家小型公司的推销信息传布到世界每个国家的潜在顾客。一家公司可使用电子商务与地理上分散的小群顾客建立联系。万维网尤其有助于创建可成为特定种类产品或服务理想目标市场的虚拟社区。正像其可为卖家增加销售机会一样，电子商务也可为买家增加购买机会。企业可使用电子商务确定新的供应商和业务伙伴。洽谈价格和交货条件使用电子商务比较容易，因为因特网能够帮助公司高效地获取竞争性投标信息。电子商务可提高企业交换信息的速度和准确性，这可降低交易双方的成本。