一般现在时详解.doc
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1、如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流一般现在时详解【精品文档】第 7 页一:一般现在时:表示经常性的事情。 时间状语:often经常, usually通常, always总是, every每个, sometimes有时, at在几点钟 只有第三人称单数用动词三单,其余动词均用原形 三单变化: 多数在动词后加s playplays likelikes 以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es gogoes wash-washes 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es flyflies二:基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)三:否定形式:am/is/are+
2、not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。四:一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。五:但是,动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下:一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化I know it I am a student I have a pen.You know it. You are a student You have a penHe (she) knows it. He (she) is a
3、student. He (she)has a pen.We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens.3、动词A) 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-
4、studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has一、 定义与讲解一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at 在几点钟只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。三单变化:1.多数在动词后s play plays like likes(1)直接在动词
5、词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-doesgo-goes pass-passes(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不规则变化:be- is are have-has二、一般现在时用法1. 表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes, oft
6、en, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。They usually go to school by bike.I take the medicine three times a day.She helps her mother once a week.Marys father is a policeman.There are 50 students in my class.2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。 The sun rise
7、s in the east and sets in the west every day. The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man. Tomorrow is Tuesday.三、一般现在时的句子转换:(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例:陈述句:She is a student.疑问句 Is she a student? 否定句 She is not a student.陈述句:I ca
8、n swim.疑问句 Can you swim否定句 I can not swim.(2) 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont(I,you,以及复数), doesnt(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例:陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.疑问句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning
9、.陈述句:She has a little brother. 疑问句 Does she have a little brother?否定句 She doesnt have a little brother.现在进行时态:概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。结构:由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成,其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。-What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么?-Im reading En
10、glish. 我正在读英语。Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗?动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的,规则变化如下:动词ing形式叫动词现在分词,其构成如下:1) 直接在动词后加ingplayplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ingmakemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再加ingrunrunning, stopstoppin
11、g, putputting, swimswimming注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态,主要看句子的时间状语,一般说来,每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。因此,这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now,只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。-Can you go and play games wi
12、th me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?-Cant you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/ does,再加not构成,即do not have (dont have)/ does not have (doesnt have). She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。We dont have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。Ann and I dont have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。4) 一般疑问句由“助
13、动词Do/ Does + 主语+ have+ 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, do/ does.或者No, dont/ doesnt.-Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?-No, they dont. 不,他们的房子不大。-Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?-Yes, he does. 他有的。5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+ 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。What do they have? 他们有什么?What does he have? 他有什么?How many telephones do they have?
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