高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习_学案.doc

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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习_学案【精品文档】第 - 5 - 页句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （_） He likes dancing. （_-）Twenty years is a short time in history. (_)Seeing is believing. （_） To see is to believe. （_）What he needs is a book. （_）It is very clear that the elephant is rou

2、nd and tall like a tree. （_）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （_） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （_-）Five and five is ten. （_-）He is asleep. （_） His father is in. （_） The picture is on the wall. (_)My watch is gone

3、 / missing / lost. （_）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （_）The question is whether they will come. （_）（常见系词: _） It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I fe

4、el tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. （_-）He hates you. （_）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow,

5、there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Dont let h

6、im do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Ya

7、nling is a chemistry teacher.（_） He is our friend. （_）We belong to the third world. （_） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（_）The man over there is my old friend.(_) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (_)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （_）The trees planted last year

8、 are growing well now.（_） I have an idea to do it well. （_）You should do everything that I do. （_）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies ha

9、rd to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 同位语当有两个语言成分，第一个成分是名词或代词，第二个成分用来对第一个成分作进一步叙述和解释时，第二个成分叫做第一个成分的同位语（The Appositive）。第一个成分和

10、第二个成分所指相同，句法作用也相同。1. 名词 Johns father, Mr. Black, is a lawyer. 2. 代词 I want to buy a present for my father, one that is nice and cheap. 3. 数词 You can put down my telephone number, 8962518.4. 动名词 It was my first job, working as a salesgirl. 5. 同位语从句 He made a promise that he would take me to Disney Wo

11、rld during the summer vacation. 独立成分与句子的各个成分都没有语法关系的词、短语或主谓结构叫做独立成分（Independent Element）。 用作独立成分的有惊叹词语、称呼语和插入语等。1. 惊叹词语 Wow, you look pretty today. 2. 称呼语 Can I help you, sir?3. 插入语 可以用作插入语的有单词、词组、短语和主谓结构。通常有逗号把他们和句子隔开。Fortunately, more than 90 percent of the workers escaped from the big fire. 句子结构简

12、单句的五个基本句型主语 不及物动词 She came/ My head aches. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English.主语 系动词 主语补语 She is happy主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises 分析下列

13、句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn g

14、reen when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. D

15、ont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars made in

16、Japan are better than those in Germany22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tired an

17、d hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.翻 译 练 习：主谓结构（ 主语 不及物动词 ）1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。 5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动

18、。 8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。 10五年前我住在北京。主谓宾结构（主语 及物动词 宾语 ）1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。 5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 10他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构（主语 系动词表语 ）1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。 3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。 7她的工

19、作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。 9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。 双宾语结构（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语 ）1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？5. 他把车票给列车员看。6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？复合宾语结构（主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语 ）1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John

20、. 3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。 5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。 7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。 9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。 11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。 13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。 15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。 19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。 21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 There be 句型1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。 3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。 9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。 11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。 13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。