（2）Unit 1 Food matters 高二英语牛津译林版 寒假作业（含答案）.docx

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1、（2）Unit 1 Food matters2021-2022学年高二英语译林版（2020）寒假作业第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment. These findings come from a new report in the journal Nature. David Til

2、lman, a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota, America, examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how a diet affected health. He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. He found that as nations industrialized (工业化), population increased and earnings rose,

3、 more people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet. The Western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil and meat. By eating these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker. David Tillman says overweight people are at greater risk of non-infectious (不传染的) diseases like diabetes(糖尿病) and hea

4、rt disease. Unfortunately when people become industrialized, if they adopt this Western diet, they are going to have these health problems, especially in developing countries in Asia. China is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one percent to 10 percent of

5、the population as they began to industrialize over a 20-year period. And that is happening all across the world, in Mexico, in Nigeria and so on. And, a diet bad for human beings is also bad for the environment. As the worlds population grows, more forests and tropical areas will become farmlands fo

6、r crops or grasslands for cattle. We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now. Mr Tillman calls the link among the diet, the environment and human health a trilemmaa problem offering a difficult choice. He say

7、s one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.1.According to the passage, more greenhouse gas might be given off in the future from _.A.transportationB.developing countriesC.agricultureD.developed countries2.David Tillman believes that _.A.the diet, the environment and human health are

8、closely connectedB.the Western diet is the only choice as the nation industrializesC.people in tropical areas are more likely to have diabetesD.traditional diets are more balanced than the Western diet3.The main purpose of the passage is to _.A.call on us to protect the environmentB.warn us of the r

9、isk of the Western dietC.remind us of the importance of healthD.advise us to have a balanced dietB I came home one day recently and, for reasons I dont quite understand, my living room smelled like my grandmothers house. Suddenly I felt as if I were 12 years old, happy and relaxed, sitting in her ki

10、tchen. I can remember what her house looked like, though it was sold 20 years agoher three-level plant stand, the plates lining the walls, the window over her sinkbut these visual memories dont have the power that smell does. The funny thing is, I cant even begin to describe the odor(气味) that was so

11、 distinctively hers. The best I can do is this: It smelled like my grandmothers house. Its a common experience, and a common linguistic(语言学的) problem. In cultures worldwide, people have powerful olfactory memories. This odor-memory link is also called the Proust phenomenon, after Marcel Prousts famo

12、us description of the feelings aroused by a cake dipped in tea in Remembrance of Things Past. Olfactory memories seem to be more closely bound up with emotions than are visual or auditory ones. Not all these memories are pleasant, of course, and smells can also trigger feelings of pain.It is surpris

13、ingly hard for English-speakers to describe the odors that occasion such strong emotions, however. English possesses almost no abstract smell words that pick out links or themes among unrelated aromas (芳香). We have plenty of these in the visual field. Yellow, for example, identifies a characteristic

14、 that bananas, lemons, some cars, some flowers, old book pages, and the sun all share. But for odors, we dont have many more than the vague musty(smells old and stale) and musky (smells perfumey). We usually have no choice but to say that one thing smells like anotherlike a banana, like garlic, like

15、 diesel fuel. A few languages, though, do have a rich odor vocabulary. Linguist Asifa Majid has found that the Jahai, the Semaq Beri, and the Maniq, hunter-gatherer groups in Malaysia and Thailand, employ a wide range of abstract smell words and can identify aromas as easily as we can colours. The J

16、ahai have a word, for example, that describes the seemingly dissimilar smell of petrol, smoke, bat poop, root of wild ginger and wood of wild mango. Last year my cat got sprayed by a skunk (臭鼬), and the vet told me to wash its face with coffee to cover the bad smell. Until then, I had never realized

17、 that coffee, which I find delicious, smells remarkably like skunk spray, which I do not. Science has identified the chemicals that both share. They are called mercaptans(硫醇). But in oral English, we have no word for the underlying note that connects these two odors. If the Jahai drank coffee and en

18、countered skunks, I bet they would.1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _.A.express the writers affection for his grandmotherB.direct the readers attention to a linguistic problemC.tell us the odor of the grandmothers house stayed the sameD.prove smell has a greater power than visual memori

19、es2.Which of the following is related to olfactory memories?A.Forming an image in mind after seeing the word injury.B.Feeling sympathetic when seeing a sick cat.C.Dancing to the music upon hearing it played.D.Missing fried eggs with garlic cooked by Mum.3.The example of the Jahai suggests that _.A.t

20、he Jahai dont have many words in the visual fieldB.English possesses many vague words like musty and muskyC.the Jahai has more abstract smell words than EnglishD.skunk and coffee have the same smell, but different functions4.What can we learn from the passage?A.The author feels pity about the limita

21、tion of his language.B.English has a wide range of visual and odor vocabulary.C.Olfactory memories can bring nothing but pleasant feelings.D.Cultures worldwide always collide with each other.C Many studies have tied red meat food to cancer and heart disease. But is it dangerous enough to stop eating

22、 foods like lamb chops and hamburgers? A team of international researchers says probably not. Their findings go against official advice. The new work does not say that red meat and processed(经加工过的) meats such as hot dogs and bacon are healthy. It also does not suggest that people should eat more of

23、such foods. The researchers generally support the finding that red meat is tied to cancer, heart disease and other serious health risks. But the researchers also say the evidence(证据) is weak, because there could be other causes for the obvious link, like a persons other food choices and lifestyle. D

24、r Gordon Guyatt, from Canadas McMaster University, said that most people who understand the degree of risks would say Thanks very much but Im going to keep eating my meat, which is the latest example of the disagreement in food research. He says scientific findings on the subject often have weak evi

25、dence, and nutrition studies can hardly be certain because of the difficulty of measuring(测量) the influences of any single food.There was disagreement even among the writers. Three out of fourteen said they support reducing red and processed meats in the human diet. And a co-writer of the papers als

26、o called for a publication put-off. The journal Annals of Internal Medicine supported the new work. It said, the request to have it pulled before publication is not how scientific debate is supposed to happen, while experts from Harvard, Yale, Stanford and other top American universities sent a lett

27、er to the journal pulling back publication of the papers. The experts said recommendations that could lead people to eat more red and processed meats were irresponsible.1.What is said about eating red meat in the latest research?A.There is no evidence that shows it is risky to eat red meat.B.Eating

28、red meat should not be encouraged at all.C.People should stop eating red meat right away.D.Researchers wont encourage or go against red meat eating.2.What may Dr Gordon Guyatt agree with?A.It is hard to tell how dangerous it is to eat red meat.B.People eat red meat because they do not understand the

29、 degree of risks.C.The influence of any single food is not difficult to measure.D.Scientific findings are not strong enough to be trusted.3.What is Annals of Internal Medicines view towards publication of the new work?A.It agrees with the decision to put off the publication.B.The new work should be

30、made public anyway.C.A debate should be held to determine its publication.D.The request to have it pulled before publication is understandable.4.What is the authors attitude towards eating red meat?A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Unknown.D.Doubtful.D If breakfast is the most important meal of the day, the

31、n youd better get it right. Picking a healthy, filling breakfast can set your day up for a chain of good food choices. Best of all, theres a way to lose weight by adding to your morning meal instead of cutting foods out. Berries(浆果) dont just help you put fresh produce into a breakfast, but they hav

32、e some specific benefits that can help you lose weight. For one thing, theyre full of fibreyoull get about a third of your daily need in just one cup of raspberries. Your body cant break the fibre down, so it slows down digestion and keeps you full until lunch. But thats not all. A study found that

33、adults whose diets had the most amounts of strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, and other producewere less likely to gain weight. Plus, some studies in mice suggest raspberries could speed up the breakdown of fat. Those studies used higher concentrates(浓缩液) than youd get from a bowl but they mig

34、ht still provide some benefit. If blueberries are more your thing, another study found that eating the fruit lowered a certain matter, which makes it hard to lose weight, and reduced fat in fat rats. Even though their sweetness makes them feel like a treat, berries are low-calorie. Put some into you

35、r milk, blend them in an icy drink, or have a cup on the side with your eggs. Even better: Add them to this breakfast that helps you burn calories all day. When theyre not in season, ignore the overpriced ones in beautiful packs and stick to frozen onestheyre just as nutritious(营养的). No matter how y

36、ou eat them, theyll keep you full and help you drop extra fat.1.Why does the fibre of berries keep you full?A.It is rich in nutrition.B.It is digested slowly.C.It is broken down easily.D.It makes breakfast healthy.2.Whats the main benefit of a breakfast with berries?A.It is delicious to eat.B.It kee

37、ps you energetic.C.It keeps your body shape.D.It keeps you interested in food.3.What does the underlined word blend in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Remove.B.Cool.C.Mix.D.Store.4.What does the author suggest doing when berries are not in season?A.Having frozen ones.B.Drinking berry juice.C.Buying expensive one

38、s.D.Eating other fruit instead.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Living the Light Life Many of us like to dine out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty, fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are not easily cooked at home

39、. _ According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fiber meals have become popular in Chinas restaurants and online delivery platforms._ According to a report released by Meituan, a major online food delivery platform, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from th

40、e previous year. Having a light meal doesnt mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food._ Healthy nutrients are the theme of the light meal. These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight._ After

41、 eating several light meals, I feel my appetite is becoming poor. I now prefer light flavours, Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan, told China Daily. She shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef, eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes. These changes in eating behaviour are connected with

42、 deeper changes in how people think about food. Diet quality, not quantity, is important for both weight control and long-term well-being._ It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.A.It is important that you go on a diet based on your own needs.B.Instead, it contains things

43、like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables.C. So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal.D. To avoid putting on weight, diners are willing to try every means.E.The country saw a rapid expansion of restaurants specializing in light meals.F.Thats probably why so many p

44、eople, especially young adults, are into them.G.The recent rise of light meals, however, gives diners a smarter choice.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high. Im sure that John would agree with this s

45、aying, 1 he felt this way almost every day in school. By high school, John was the most famous troublemaker in his town. He was always absent, didnt answer questions and got into2 . He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was passed on each year to a higher grade

46、level. Teachers didnt want to3 him again the following year. John was moving on, but definitely not moving4 . I met John for the first time at a weekend leadership training programme since John was one of 105 students who5 . At the start of the training, John was just standing outside the circle of

47、students, against the back wall. He didnt6 join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games put him in. The ice really melted when the groups started building a list of7 and negative things that had occurred at school that year. John8 some constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in Johns group9 his comments. All of a sudden John felt like a part of the group, and before long he was 10 like a leader. By the end of the training, he had joined the Homeless Project team. The other students on the team were 11 with his passionate co