外研版八年级上学期期中复习Revision module A：词句精讲精练.doc

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1、Revision module A词汇精讲1. mistake mistake是可数名词，意为“错误，过错”。表示“犯错误”用make a mistake或make mistakes。例如： There is a grammar mistake in the sentence. 这个句子中有一处语法错误。 I often make mistakes when I speak English. 我讲英语的时候经常出错。【拓展】 by mistake意为“（由于疏忽）错误地”。例如： Im sorry, I took your pen by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的钢笔。2. adv

2、ice advice是不可数名词，意为“建议；意见”。使用advice时应注意以下三点： (1) advice可以被some；a lot of等修饰，表示“一些/许多建议”；如果表示具体的几条建议，则通过“基数词 + piece(s) of”表示数量。例如：a lot of advice许多建议 a piece of advice一条建议 two pieces of advice两条建议 (2) 表示在某方面提出建议时，常与介词about或on搭配，on等正式一些。例如：Please give me some advice on how to save money. 请您就如何省钱给我提一些建

3、议吧。 (3) advice的常用搭配： give sb. some advice/give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议 ask for advice征求意见 follow/ take sbs advice接受某人的建议 3. what else else意为“另外的，其他的”，无比较级，常用在who; whose; what等疑问代词及when; where等疑问副词之后；也放在some; any；no与body; thing; where等构成的词之后。例如： Would you like anything else to drink? 你还想喝点别的什么吗？

4、What else do you want to say? 你还想说点别的什么吗？ Im going to take you somewhere else. 我要带你去别处。4. enjoy enjoy是及物动词，意为“享受的乐趣； 欣赏；喜欢”。其用法如下： enjoy sth.（名词或代词） enjoy oneself（反身代词）have a good time enjoy doing sth.（只接v.-ing形式，不接 to do sth.）例如： I enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou. 我喜欢周杰伦的歌。 We enjoyed ourselves at

5、 the party.昨晚的聚会，我们玩得很高兴。In my class, most of the students enjoy singing English songs. 在我们班，大多数学生喜欢唱英语歌。5. or or是连词，用于否定含义的句子中，连接并列关系的两部分，表示对双方都否定。例如： He isnt a teacher or a worker. 他不是一名教师，也不是一名工人。 My mother doesnt like running or swimming. 我母亲不喜欢跑步和游泳。注意：在此用法中，or后不要再加表示否定的词not或no等。例如： My father n

6、ever plays basketball or football. = My father never plays basketball and he never plays football. 我父亲从不打篮球或踢足球。【拓展】 (1) or用于疑问句或肯定句中，表示选择，意为“或者”。例如： Do you like apples or pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨？ We can go there by bus or by taxi. 我们可以坐公共汽车或出租车去那里。 (2) or引导句子，表示转折，意为“否则”。例如： Study hard, or you cant pass the

7、 exam. 努力学习，否则你不能通过这次考试。6. hurt hurt此处用作及物动词，意为“伤害；使受伤；使疼痛”。hurt常指精神、感情或身体上受到伤害，含有“强烈的疼痛”之意。hurt的过去式是hurt。例如： The little boy fell off the tree and hurt himself seriously. 这个小男孩从树上掉下来，伤得很重。 Thatll hurt her feelings. 那将会伤害她的感情。【拓展】 hurt用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如： Does your right leg still hurt badly? 你的右腿仍然疼得厉

8、害吗？7. happen happen是不及物动词，它的用法有：(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如： A car accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起撞车事故。 An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如： A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天

9、上午她出了车祸。 What happened to you? 你怎么啦？(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如： I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析： (1) happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。其主语不能用表示人的词语，通常由accident或it; what; this; that; something等代词充当。例

10、如： The accident happened to him at three this afternoon. 今天下午三点他出事了。 (2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如： The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。注意：happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。8. in the end in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如： Our team beat theirs

11、 in the end.最后，我们队战胜了他们队。【拓展】 (1) by the end of到为止，在以前，常与过去完成时连用。He had finished the work by the end of last month上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。(2) at the end of在末尾，在尽头，后既可以接表示时间的名词，也可以接表示地点的名词。The hospital is at the end of the road医院就在路的尽头。He will come to see you at the end of this month这个月底他要来看你。 9. danger dan

12、ger是名词，意为“危险”。常见短语有：in danger (of) 在的危险中；out of danger脱离危险Mrs. Green said that her friend was out of danger. 格林夫人说她的朋友脱离了危险。We must help the animals in danger. 我们必须帮助处于危险中的动物。【拓展】dangerous是形容词，意为“危险的”，常放在be动词后面作表语。dangerous的反义词是safe，意为“安全的”；danger的反义词是safety，意为“安全”。例如：Its dangerous here，please take

13、the boy to the safety. 这危险，请把男孩带到安全的地方去。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. as much as possible _2. 同意某人_3. 事实上_4. 以而闻名_5. plenty of_6. 热身；做准备活动_7. 迟到_8. plan to do sth. _9. in danger _10. allow sb. to do sth. _II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成所缺单词。1. The answer is not c_. Jim, you give me a wrong answer again.2. I dont know these wo

14、rds. I want to use the d_ to look them up.3. Lisa made some m_ in the exam.4. Whats the p_ of the small village? Its about eight thousand.5. The sun rises in the east and sets in the w_.6. She is not good at English _(语法).7. The teacher asked me to make a _(对话) with the girl.8. The is a car _(事故) on

15、 the road.9. We hold a charity concert to _(筹集) money for poor children.10. Are you all right? Yes. Nothing _(严重的).III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. They ran to the bus stop _(quick).2. I have some _(suggest) for you.3. I dont like this movie because its _(bore).4. We felt _(excite) when we knew the news.5. We _

16、(usual) go to the park at weekends.6. _(million) of Americans travel by bus.7. My father is the _(busy) in my family.8. They want _(go) to the cinema with their friends.9. Id like _(borrow) some books from the library.10. Daming enjoy _(listen) to music.句式精讲1. Why not write down the mistakes in our

17、notebooks? why not + 动词原形，表示提出建议，意为“为什么不”。例如： Why not read English newspapers? 为什么不读英文报纸呢？ Why not go out for a walk? 为何不出去散步呢？【拓展】Why dont you do sth.? 是一个否定疑问句，意为“为什么不？”常用来征求意见和提出建议，相当于“Why not do sth.?”例如： Why dont you go with us? = Why not go with us? 为什么不同我们一起去呢？ Why dont you go swimming? = Why

18、 not go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢？2. Its a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day. 本句结构为“It + be + 名词（短语） + to do sth.”，it位于句子开头作形式主语，动词不定式（短语）是句子真正的主语。例如： It is a good habit to take a walk after supper. 晚饭后去散步是一个好习惯。 Its a good idea to make pen friends. 结交笔友是一个好主意。3. Yes, thats good fo

19、r our pronunciation too. be good for意为“对有好处，对有益处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对有害处”。例如：Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。 Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。【拓展】(1) be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his work

20、ers.那个老板对他的工人不好。(2) be good at“在方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。例如：She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。(3) be good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”。例如： Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？4. New York is much bigger than any other city in the US.“比较级 +

21、 than + any other + 可数名词单数 + in”表示“在某一范围内比其他任何更”。例如： Tony is taller than any other boy in his class. Tony比班里的其他任何一个男孩都高。注意：“比较级 + than + any other + 可数名词单数 + in”用于在同一范围内的人或物作比较，如果作比较的人或物不在同一范围，any后不需要跟other。例如： Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。（同一范围内比较） Cha

22、ngjiang River is longer than any river in India. （不同范围内比较）5. We need to protect them better. need意为“需要”，常用need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”，主语由“人”来充当。例如： Does she need to know? 她需要知道吗？ He didnt need to clean the house twice. 他无需打扫房间两次。【拓展】 (1) need作为情态动词的用法： need作为情态动词使用时，后面接动词原形；常用来回答以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。例如：

23、She need wash her car now. 她现在要洗车。Need she wash her car now? (一般疑问句) 她现在要洗车吗？She neednt wash her car now. (否定句) 她现在不需要洗车。 Must he repair the clock now? 他现在必须修钟吗？ No, he neednt. He can repair it this afternoon. 不，没必要。他可以今天下午修。(2) need作为行为动词的用法： 1) 直接加宾语，即need sth.。例如： I need a new coat.我需要一件新外套。 He d

24、idnt need the money. 他不需要这笔钱。 2)可后接宾语，再接不定式，即need sb. to do sth.。例如： I need someone to look after her. 我需要有人来照顾她。句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. 尽量不要对他喊叫。_ _ _ shout at him.2. 她在昨天的考试中犯了许多错误。She _ _ _ in yesterdays exam.3. 上海的人口是多少？Whats _ _ _ Shanghai?4. 我们的教室比他们的大且新。Our classroom is _ and _ than the

25、irs.5. 冬天练习更困难因为白天很短，天气也很冷。Its _ _ _ _ in winter _ the days are shorter and the weather is colder too.6. 李明乘公共汽车上学，那是最好的方式。Li Ming goes to school _ _. Its _ _ way.7. 骑自行车去学校花了你多长时间？_ _ _ it _ you _ go to school by bike?8. 他们允许他们的孩子出去玩耍。They allow their children _ _ out to play.9. 我们需要帮助动物们生活得平静。We n

26、eed _ _ animals live in peace.10. 让我们看看还能做点什么来帮助尽可能多的动物。Lets find out what else _ _ _ to save as many animals as possible.II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. They want to know how they can get to the zoo. (改为同义句) They want to know _ _ _ to the zoo.2. To learn English well is important. (改为同义句) _ _ to learn English wel

27、l.3. There are 40 million people in the city. (对划线部分提问) _ the _ of the city?4. of; China; Beijing; is; the; east; in(连词成句)_5. English is difficult. Math is more difficult.(合并成一句) Math is _ _ _ English.6. It takes about three years to build the hospital. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ it take _ build the hospital?7

28、. We stayed there for four days. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ you stay there?8. My teacher doesnt agree with me. (改为同义句) My teacher _ _ me.III. 补全对话。（其中有两项多余）A. Why not go to Taiwan?B. We can have more time to enjoy ourselves.C. No, not yet.D. How do you feel about it?E. What are you up to?F. Yes, of course.G. I

29、 wish I were still in primary school.W: Hello, Han Lin.H: Hello, Xiao Hua.W: 1 H: Im reading about todays newspaperIt says every week students in primary schools have a day without homework 2 W: I think its great 3 H: Thats impossibleBut after the big exam, well also have a long summer vacation and

30、neednt do any homework.W: Im looking forward to itHave you made any plans for it？H: 4 Im going travellingBut I havent decided where to go.W: 5 H: Good ideaI also hear Taiwan is a nice placeIll think about itThank you for your advice.W: Its a pleasure.1._2._3._4._5._参考答案词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 尽可能多 2. agree w

31、ith sb. 3. in fact 4. be famous for 5. 大量，众多6. warm up 7. be late for 8. 计划做某事 9. 处于危险中 10. 允许某人做某事II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成所缺单词。1. correct 2. dictionary 3. mistakes 4. population 5. west6. grammar 7. conversation 8. accident 9. raise 10. seriousIII. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. quickly 2. suggestions 3. boring 4. exc

32、ited 5. usually 6. Millions 7. busiest 8. to go 9. to borrow 10. listening句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. Try not to 2. made many mistakes 3. the population of 4. bigger; newer 5. more difficult to practice;because 6. by bus; the best 7. How long did; take; to 8. to go 9. to help 10. we can do II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. how to get 2. Its important 3. Whats; population 4. Beijing is in the east of China.5. more difficult than 6. How long does; to 7. How long did 8. disagree with III.补全对话。（其中有两项多余）1-5 EDGFA 7 / 7