2014-2015语法复习--主谓一致(常规课).ppt

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1、Subject verb agreement主主 谓谓 一一 致致 Subject verb agreement 主谓一致主谓一致概念：主谓一致是指句子概念：主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语主语和谓语在人称在人称和数方面的和数方面的一致一致。谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。China _ (be) a country with a long history.Bad news _ (travel) quickly.Neither he nor you _ (be) wrong.I, rather than you, _ (be) responsible for t

2、he accident.istravelsaream谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。China _ (be) a country with a long history.Bad news _ (travel) quickly.Neither he nor you _ (be) wrong.I, rather than you, _ (be) responsible for the accident.istravelsaream语法一致原则语法一致原则语法一致原则语法一致原则意义一致原则意义一致原则就近一致原则就近一致原则就远一致原则就远一致原则1.如果主语

3、是不定式、动词如果主语是不定式、动词-ing形式或主形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用语从句时，谓语动词用单数单数。温馨提示温馨提示Collecting stamps gives me pleasure.To collect stamps gives me pleasure.集邮带给我乐趣。集邮带给我乐趣。When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 2. each of + 复数代词复数代词复数代词复

4、数代词+ each Each of us has something to say. We each has something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。我们每个人都有些话要说。谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数3. 复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单单数数。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。在屋里找不到什么东西。2.意义一致原则：意义一致原则：谓语的单复数谓语的单复数不是由主不是由主语的单复数决定的，而是语的单复数决定的，而是以主语的

5、意义为以主语的意义为准准。1. trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用等作主语时，谓语动词必须用_。v形复义单的名词如形复义单的名词如news;以以-ics结尾的学科结尾的学科名称如名称如physics, politics, 国名如国名如the United States; 报纸名如报纸名如the Times; 书名等作主语时，书名等作主语时，谓语动词用谓语动词用_。温馨提示温馨提示复数复数单数单数2. 集体名词作主语集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，谓语动词可用单数， 也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。也可用复数，主

6、要由句子的意思决定。 强调强调整体整体时用时用单数单数，强调强调整体中的个体整体中的个体 的用的用复数复数。这类名词有这类名词有people, family, class, population, team, police等。等。3. 有些名词有些名词单复数形式相同单复数形式相同，作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish等。如：等。如： Not every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。并非每种方法都有效。 Not all means are

7、 useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。并非所有的方法都有效。4. 表示表示一类人一类人的的 “the +形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主作主语时，谓语动词用语时，谓语动词用复数复数。 The injured in the accident have been taken to the hospital.事故中的伤者已经送往医院。事故中的伤者已经送往医院。5. 表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单单数数。如：。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时

8、间并不长。年的时间并不长。 Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。3.就近一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，就近一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，谓谓语的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语语的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。1. 用连词用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接并列主语时，等连接并列主语时，谓语动词谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致应与最近的主语保持一致。温馨提示温馨提示Not only I

9、but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be2. the rest of, a lot of, lots of, a number of, a majority of, a part of, half of以及以及分数词、百分数词、百分数分数等接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数等接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数取决于后面名词的数。A part of the students have arrived.部分学生已到了。部分学生已到了。

10、Two thirds of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的这个苹果的2/3被老鼠吃了。被老鼠吃了。_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are3. there be 句式句式中，主语是两个或多个并列中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），名词（短语），be的形式与的形式与最近最近的一个名的一个名词（短语）保持一致。词（短

11、语）保持一致。 There is a pen, two rulers and several books on the desk.=There are two rulers, a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books, a pen and two rulers on the desk.4.就远一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，就远一致原则：句子有多个并列主语，谓语的单、复数形式取决于距离谓语最远谓语的单、复数形式取决于距离谓语最远的主语的主语。 主语后跟主语后跟 时，谓语动词一般仍时，谓语动词一般仍和前面的主语和前面的

12、主语在单复数上保持一致在单复数上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students _ (be) in the classroom.Nobody but John and Helen _ (be) absent. iswas温馨提示温馨提示A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredE-mail, as well as telephones, _ an import

13、ant part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 概念：主谓一致是指句子概念：主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在人主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致称和数方面的一致。Fill in the blanks by using the correct form of the words.1.The rest of magazines _ (sell) out within half an hour.2.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ (be) tire

14、d of having one examination after another.3.Nodding head _ (mean) agreement.4.The Times _ (publish) in USA, which _ (be) one of the most developed countries in the world. were sold aremeans is published is5.My brother is one of the students who _ (choose) to join the army.6.My brother is the only on

15、e of the students who _ (choose) to join the army. 7.A great number of students in this school _ (be) League members.8.The total number of the population in China _ (be) about 1,320 million. have been chosen has been chosenare is9.Between the two rows of trees _ (stand) the teaching building.10.Mary

16、, as well as her sisters, _ (study) Chinese in China now. stands is studying语篇填空语篇填空 Page 214用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空All big cities (1)_ (be) quite similar. Living in a modern Asian city (2)_ (be) not very different from living in an American city. The same cannot be said about living on farms, howeve

17、r. In many parts of the world, farmers and their families (3)_ (live) in villages or towns. In the United States, however, each farm family (4)_ (live) on its own fields, often beyond the sight of any neighbors. Instead of traveling from a village to the fields every morning, American farmers (5)_ (

18、stay) on their land are is live lives staythroughout the week. They travel to the nearest town on Saturdays for shopping or on Sundays for church. The children ride on buses to large schools which (6)_ (serve) all of the farm families living in the area. In some areas, there (7)_ (be) small schools

19、serving a few farm families, and the children walk to school. Of course life (8)_ (keep) changing for everyone, including farmers. Today there are cars, good roads, radios, and television sets. And of course there are modern machines for farming. All of these (9)_ (have) changed farm life. serve are

20、 keeps haveFor many years, however, farming in America (10)_ (be) often a lonely way of living. Farmers had to deal with their own problems, instead of getting help from others. They learned to try new methods, and to trust their own ideas instead of following older ways. is短文翻译短文翻译Tom是一个在中国学习的美国学生。

21、是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默(humorous)。他有一个幸福的家庭。他和他父母计划在他有一个幸福的家庭。他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。定坐什么交通工具回去。Tom的每一个同的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。1.is2.has been3.am; are4.is5.am6.are; is7.are8.is9.was; were10.am 11.is;

22、 are12.is; are13.Is14.is left; have15.speak; speaks16.likes; like17.enjoys; enjoy18.is going19.sells; sell20.was prevented21.hang22.knows23.are24.is25.has26.is 概念：主谓一致是指句子概念：主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在人主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致称和数方面的一致。1.如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用从句时，谓语动词用单数单数。语法一致原则语法一致原则温馨提示温馨提示2. eac

23、h of + 复数代词复数代词, 谓语动用谓语动用单数单数。复数代词复数代词+ each, 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。3.复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单单数数。意义一致原则意义一致原则温馨提示温馨提示1. trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，等作主语时，谓语动词必须用谓语动词必须用复数复数；形复义单的名词如；形复义单的名词如news;以以-ics结结尾的学科名称如尾的学科名称如physics, politics, 国名如国名如the United States; 报纸名如报纸名如the Ti

24、mes; 书名等作主语时，谓语动词书名等作主语时，谓语动词用用单数单数。2. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体整体时用时用单数单数，强调强调整整体中的个体体中的个体的用的用复数复数。这类名词有这类名词有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, police等。等。3. 有些名词有些名词单复数形式单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, s

25、heep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。等。4. 表示表示一类人一类人的的 “the +形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。5. 表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数单数。就近一致原则就近一致原则温馨提示温馨提示1. 用连词用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接并列主语时，等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致

26、。2. the rest of, half of, a majority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, a number of, percent of 以及以及分数词、百分数词、百分数分数等接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数等接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决取决于后面名词的数于后面名词的数。3. there be 句式句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），（短语），be的形式与的形式与最近最近的一个名词（短语）的一个名词（短语）保持一致。保持一致。主语后跟主语后跟 时，谓语动词一般仍时，谓语动词一般仍和前面的和前面的主语在单复

27、数上保持一致主语在单复数上保持一致。就远一致原则就远一致原则温馨提示温馨提示短文翻译短文翻译Tom是一个在中国学习的美国学生。是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默(humorous)。他有一个幸福的家庭。他和他父母计划在他有一个幸福的家庭。他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。定坐什么交通工具回去。Tom的每一个同的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。Tom是一个在中国

28、学习的美国学生。是一个在中国学习的美国学生。不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他不仅他的班主任，而且他的同学们都很喜欢他。因为他既聪明又幽默既聪明又幽默(humorous)。他有一个幸福的家庭。他有一个幸福的家庭。 Tom is an American student studying in China.Not only his head teacher but also his classmates like him very much, because he is both clever and humorous.He has a happy family.他和他父母计划在暑假

29、时回美国度假。他和他父母计划在暑假时回美国度假。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。但是，他们还没有决定坐什么交通工具回去。Tom的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。的每一个同学都希望他的一家能有一个愉快的假期。He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation.However, how they will go there has not been decided.Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a

30、 happy vacation. Tom is an American student studying in China. Not only his head teacher but also his classmates like him very much, because he is both clever and humorous. He has a happy family. He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation. However, how they wil

31、l go there has not been decided. Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy vacation.1.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. A. are B. is C. were D. bethe number of复数名词作主语时，谓语复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。复数。语法一致原则语法一致原则2. One or

32、perhaps more pages _ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been由由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。动词应与靠近它的主语一致。就近一致原则就近一致原则3.The police _ the black in winter. A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts on英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。动词要用单

33、数形式。意义一致原则意义一致原则4. To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were由由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。语法一致原则语法一致原则5. What they need _ more people. A. is B. are C. has D. have名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，

34、名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意谓语动词常用单数，但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语可以得知主语what they need指复指复数内容。数内容。语法一致原则语法一致原则6.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work. A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending由由 with，together with，along with，rather than等连接两个名词或代词作主语等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。就远一致原则就远一致原则