【安徽】2011高三英语一轮复习 Unit 21 Human Biology精品课件 北师大版.ppt

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1、Unit 21 Human BiologyUnit 21 Human Biology基础落实基础落实高频单词高频单词思忆思忆1.1. vt vt. .吸收；吸引吸收；吸引2.2. adjadj. .各种各样的，不同的各种各样的，不同的3.3. adjadj. .以前的，从前的；前者以前的，从前的；前者4.4. vt vt. .消化；领会消化；领会5.5. vi vi. .减少，减小减少，减小6.6. vt vt. .推迟，延期推迟，延期7.7. adjadj. .常规的；常规的；n n. .惯例，常规惯例，常规8.8. vt vt. .揭露揭露absorbabsorbvariousvariou

2、sformerformerdigestdigestdecreasedecreasepostponepostponeroutineroutineexposeexpose9.9. adjadj. .简洁的，短暂的简洁的，短暂的10.10. vt vt. .不顾，不理，忽视不顾，不理，忽视 n n. . 无知无知11.11. vt vt. .告诉；通知告诉；通知 n n. .信息信息12.12. n n. & . & v v. .防御；防备防御；防备 vt vt. .保卫保卫13.13. vt vt. .容忍容忍 adj.adj.宽容的；容宽容的；容 忍的忍的 n n. .容忍容忍briefbrie

3、fignoreignoreignoranceignoranceinforminforminformationinformationdefencedefencedefenddefendtoleratetoleratetoleranttoleranttolerancetolerance14.14. vt vt. .款待款待 n n. .治疗治疗15.15. n n. .储存储存 vi vi. .储存，存放储存，存放16.16. vt vt. .禁止禁止 n n. .禁止；禁禁止；禁 令令17.17. n n. .大笔钱财；巨款大笔钱财；巨款 adjadj. . 幸运的幸运的 n n. .不幸不幸(

4、 (反义词）反义词）18.18. vt vt. .与与相矛盾相矛盾 n n. .矛盾的说法；反驳矛盾的说法；反驳treattreattreatmenttreatmentstoragestoragestorestoreprohibitprohibitprohibitionprohibitionfortunefortunefortunatefortunatemisfortunemisfortunecontradictcontradictcontradictioncontradiction重点短语重点短语再现再现1.get 1.get 接通；通过接通；通过2.bring 2.bring 培养；提出培

5、养；提出3.3. balance balance总而言之总而言之4.build 4.build 增强增强5.get down 5.get down 开始认真做开始认真做6.put 6.put 推迟推迟7.wash 7.wash 冲走；洗掉冲走；洗掉8.8. the rise the rise在增长在增长9.9. despair despair绝望绝望10.10. weight weight减肥减肥11.11. through through经历；通读经历；通读12.out of 12.out of 不可能不可能throughthroughupupononupuptotooffoffawayaw

6、ayononininloselosegogothe questionthe question典型句式典型句式运用运用1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested 1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at but other participants are only tested at random. random. It is/was+adj.+for sb./sth.+to It is/was+adj.+for sb./

7、sth.+to do do意为意为“某人某人/ /物做物做是是”，其中不定式，其中不定式 可根据与动作执行者的关系选用主动或被动形可根据与动作执行者的关系选用主动或被动形 式。式。 他很容易受骗。他很容易受骗。 考点提炼考点提炼句子仿照句子仿照It is easy for him to be cheated.It is easy for him to be cheated.2.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch 2.Unfortunately,it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs. at

8、hletes using illegal drugs. catch sb.doing sth. catch sb.doing sth.意为意为“（当场）（当场） 抓住某人做某事抓住某人做某事”, ,该句型亦可用被动形式该句型亦可用被动形式 sb.be caught doing sth.sb.be caught doing sth.。 她在超市偷东西时被抓住了。她在超市偷东西时被抓住了。 考点提炼考点提炼句子仿照句子仿照She was caught stealing in theShe was caught stealing in thesupermarket.supermarket.3.it

9、starts working the moment you get 3.it starts working the moment you get up in the morning and doesnt stop until up in the morning and doesnt stop until you get into the office. you get into the office. the moment.“ the moment.“一一就就”。在此。在此 the momentthe moment相当于连词，其后跟时间状语从句。相当于连词，其后跟时间状语从句。 此类用法还有此

10、类用法还有the instant,the minute,the the instant,the minute,the second second等。等。 那位影星一出现，就被影迷们围住那位影星一出现，就被影迷们围住 了。了。 考点提炼考点提炼句子仿照句子仿照The moment the film star appeared,he wasThe moment the film star appeared,he wassurrounded by his fans.surrounded by his fans.4.,after 15 years it was very unlikely 4.,aft

11、er 15 years it was very unlikely that Terri would ever recover. that Terri would ever recover. it is/was unlikely that. it is/was unlikely that.意为意为 “ “不太可能不太可能”，此句型亦可用，此句型亦可用it is/was it is/was not likely that. not likely that.结构。表示结构。表示“很有可能很有可能” 则用则用it is/was likely that.it is/was likely that.。 汤

12、姆不可能说谎。汤姆不可能说谎。 考点提炼考点提炼句子仿照句子仿照It was unlikely that Tom told a lie.It was unlikely that Tom told a lie.导练互动导练互动重点单词重点单词1.absorb 1.absorb vt vt. .吸收；使全神贯注；合并；吞并吸收；使全神贯注；合并；吞并经典例句经典例句 Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. release oxygen. 植物可以吸收二氧化碳释

13、放氧气。植物可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。 The boy was deeply absorbed in aThe boy was deeply absorbed in a storybook. storybook. 那男孩全神贯注地读一本故事书。那男孩全神贯注地读一本故事书。 Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.Small businesses are absorbed by big ones. 小公司被大公司吞并。小公司被大公司吞并。归纳拓展归纳拓展be absorbed in.be absorbed in.专注于专注于absorb sth.ab

14、sorb sth.吸收某物吸收某物be absorbed by.be absorbed by.被被吸引吸引/ /吞并吞并be absorbed into.be absorbed into.被吸收进被吸收进翻译句子翻译句子他致力于慈善事业。他致力于慈善事业。He is absorbed in charity business.He is absorbed in charity business.2.former 2.former adjadj. .以前的；前任的；前者的以前的；前任的；前者的经典例句经典例句 He keeps in touch with his former friends. H

15、e keeps in touch with his former friends. 他跟以前的朋友保持着联系。他跟以前的朋友保持着联系。 Jack and Bill are twins,but the former is Jack and Bill are twins,but the former is taller than the latter. taller than the latter. 杰克和比尔是双胞胎，但前者比后者高。杰克和比尔是双胞胎，但前者比后者高。 The guide showed us the old home of The guide showed us the ol

16、d home of former President Roosevelt. former President Roosevelt. 导游带我们参观了前总统罗斯福的故居。导游带我们参观了前总统罗斯福的故居。归纳拓展归纳拓展in former timesin former times以前以前a former colleague/frienda former colleague/friend以前的同事以前的同事/ /朋友朋友the former.the latterthe former.the latter前者前者后者（代指人后者（代指人或物）或物）翻译句子翻译句子The former prospe

17、rity of Wall Street has The former prosperity of Wall Street has all gone because of the financial crisis.all gone because of the financial crisis.由于这次金融危机，华尔街昔日的繁荣已荡然无由于这次金融危机，华尔街昔日的繁荣已荡然无存。存。3.digest 3.digest vt vt. .消化；领悟；文摘消化；领悟；文摘经典例句经典例句 The world smiles with Readers Digest.The world smiles wi

18、th Readers Digest. 读者文摘读者文摘为全世界的人们带来欢笑。为全世界的人们带来欢笑。 I cannot digest milk products.I cannot digest milk products. 我消化不了奶制品。我消化不了奶制品。 It took me some time to digest what I had It took me some time to digest what I had heard. heard. 我花了一些时间才把听到的东西弄明白。我花了一些时间才把听到的东西弄明白。归纳拓展归纳拓展digest fooddigest food消化食物

19、消化食物digest the important pointsdigest the important points领会要点领会要点digestion digestion n n. .消化消化have a good/bad digestionhave a good/bad digestion消化能力强消化能力强/ /弱弱news digestnews digest新闻摘要新闻摘要完成句子完成句子Some books are to be tasted or Some books are to be tasted or swallowed,and some few need swallowed,a

20、nd some few need ( (咀嚼和咀嚼和消化）消化）. .chewing andchewing anddigesting/to be chewed and digesteddigesting/to be chewed and digested4.abuse 4.abuse n n. & . & vt vt. .滥用；辱骂滥用；辱骂 .,they also cause serious health .,they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who problems in later life f

21、or those who abuseabuse them. ( them. (回归课本回归课本P P3434）经典例句经典例句 He abused his power while in position.He abused his power while in position. 他在职时滥用权力。他在职时滥用权力。 Young people are encouraged to fight Young people are encouraged to fight against drug abuse. against drug abuse. 年轻人被号召与滥用毒品作斗争。年轻人被号召与滥用毒品

22、作斗争。 She greeted me with a stream of abuse. She greeted me with a stream of abuse. 她见到我就连声辱骂。她见到我就连声辱骂。归纳拓展归纳拓展（1 1）n n. abuse of power. abuse of power滥用职权滥用职权drug abusedrug abuse滥用毒品滥用毒品alcohol abusealcohol abuse酗酒酗酒shout abuse at sb.shout abuse at sb.辱骂某人辱骂某人（2 2）v v. abuse sb. abuse sb.辱骂某人辱骂某人ab

23、use ones position/powerabuse ones position/power滥用职权滥用职权完成句子完成句子The government has set out to The government has set out to ( (调查他滥用职权的问题调查他滥用职权的问题).).look into hislook into hisabuse of powerabuse of power5.tolerate 5.tolerate vt vt. .容忍；忍受容忍；忍受 The sports world does not The sports world does not to

24、leratetolerate doping doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating. as it is a fundamental form of cheating.（回归课本（回归课本P P3434）经典例句经典例句 The school cannot tolerate cheating on The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams. exams. 学校不容许考试作弊。学校不容许考试作弊。 I can not tolerate your carelessness. I can not to

25、lerate your carelessness. 我不能容忍你的粗心大意。我不能容忍你的粗心大意。 We cannot tolerate smoking in the We cannot tolerate smoking in the hospital. hospital. 我们不能容忍在医院里抽烟。我们不能容忍在医院里抽烟。归纳拓展归纳拓展toleratetolerate常用于否定句；后接动名词，不接不定常用于否定句；后接动名词，不接不定式；表示容忍某人或某行为，不能用于表示忍受式；表示容忍某人或某行为，不能用于表示忍受痛苦。痛苦。tolerate sb.doing sth.tolerat

26、e sb.doing sth.容忍某人做某事容忍某人做某事tolerant tolerant adjadj. .容忍的；宽容的容忍的；宽容的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.容忍某人容忍某人/ /某某事事tolerance tolerance n n. .宽容；忍受宽容；忍受用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空(1)There was no (1)There was no (tolerate) for (tolerate) for anyone who broke ranks. anyone wh

27、o broke ranks.(2)I cant tolerate (2)I cant tolerate (treat) (treat) as a child. as a child.tolerancetolerancebeing treatedbeing treated6.oppose 6.oppose vt vt. .反对反对 Gene-therapy is very controversial and Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people many people opposeoppose further research in

28、to further research into it. ( it. (回归课本回归课本P P3434）经典例句经典例句 The father opposed his sons marriage.The father opposed his sons marriage. 父亲反对儿子的婚事。父亲反对儿子的婚事。 I am opposed to driving while drunk.I am opposed to driving while drunk. 我反对酒醉时驾驶。我反对酒醉时驾驶。 He is strongly opposed to the plan.He is strongly o

29、pposed to the plan. 他强烈反对这一计划。他强烈反对这一计划。归纳拓展归纳拓展oppose (doing) sth.oppose (doing) sth.反对（做）某事反对（做）某事be opposed to sth./doing sth.be opposed to sth./doing sth.反对某事反对某事/ /做某做某事事opposite opposite adj.adj.相对的，对面的相对的，对面的易混辨析易混辨析oppose/object/resistoppose/object/resistoppose,objectoppose,object和和resistres

30、ist三者都含有三者都含有“反对反对”的意的意思。思。(1)oppose(1)oppose为及物动词，指为及物动词，指“对某人、某事采取积对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对极行动来反对”，着重指动作，尤指，着重指动作，尤指“反对一种反对一种观念、思想、计划等观念、思想、计划等”。（2 2）objectobject常指常指“用言论或论据等表示反对用言论或论据等表示反对”，着重指着重指“个人厌弃个人厌弃”和和“提出反对意见提出反对意见”。是不。是不及物动词，常与及物动词，常与toto连用。连用。（3 3）resistresist指指“积极地反抗、对抗，抵制积极地反抗、对抗，抵制”。用用oppose,o

31、bject,resistoppose,object,resist的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)I (1)I to his plan. to his plan.(2)Im strongly (2)Im strongly to your suggestion. to your suggestion.(3)Many young people could not (3)Many young people could not the the temptation of computer games. temptation of computer games.objectobjectopposedop

32、posedresistresist7.contradict 7.contradict v v. .与（其他事物）相矛盾；反与（其他事物）相矛盾；反 驳驳 .,it would .,it would contradictcontradict the whole spirit the whole spirit of sport. ( of sport. (回归课本回归课本P P3434）经典例句经典例句 Dont contradict your father.Dont contradict your father. 别和你父亲顶嘴。别和你父亲顶嘴。 What he did contradicted

33、 what he said.What he did contradicted what he said. 他言行不一（相矛盾）。他言行不一（相矛盾）。 The two statements contradict each other.The two statements contradict each other. 两种说法相互抵触。两种说法相互抵触。归纳拓展归纳拓展contradict sth.contradict sth.同同矛盾矛盾/ /抵触抵触contradict sb.contradict sb.顶撞顶撞/ /反驳某人反驳某人contradiction contradiction n

34、 n. .反驳；矛盾反驳；矛盾in contradiction to.in contradiction to.与与互相矛盾互相矛盾完成句子完成句子The drivers words were completelyThe drivers words were completely ( (与事实不符）与事实不符）. .inincontradiction to the factscontradiction to the facts8.postpone 8.postpone vt vt. .推迟；延期推迟；延期经典例句经典例句 The concert has been postponed to The

35、 concert has been postponed to Saturday. Saturday. 音乐会延迟到星期六。音乐会延迟到星期六。 The sports meet was postponed because of The sports meet was postponed because of the heavy rain. the heavy rain. 运动会因雨延期。运动会因雨延期。 Never postpone replying to a letter.Never postpone replying to a letter. 一定不要耽搁了给别人的回信。一定不要耽搁了给别人

36、的回信。归纳拓展归纳拓展postpone sth.postpone sth.推迟某事物；使某事物推迟推迟某事物；使某事物推迟postpone doing sth.postpone doing sth.推迟做某事推迟做某事be postponed for.(be postponed for.(时间）被推迟了时间）被推迟了postpone sth.to/until.postpone sth.to/until.推迟到推迟到易混辨析易混辨析postpone/delay/put offpostpone/delay/put off三个词三个词/ /词组后都不可以跟不定式。词组后都不可以跟不定式。(1)po

37、stpone(1)postpone是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面说延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面说明何时进行。明何时进行。（2 2）delaydelay指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行，后常跟耽搁的原因，行，后常跟耽搁的原因，delaydelay可以作名词。可以作名词。（3 3）put offput off与与postponepostpone大致同义，但较口语化。大致同义，但较口语化。用用postponepostpone，delaydelay，put offput off的适当

38、形式填空的适当形式填空20 flights were 20 flights were for 24 for 24 hours.The hours.The caused great losses. caused great losses.postponed/delayedpostponed/delayeddelaydelay9.prohibit 9.prohibit vt vt. .禁止；阻止禁止；阻止 .,scientists have been doing trials on .,scientists have been doing trials on treatments to treat

39、ments to prohibitprohibit any future any future outbreaks. ( outbreaks. (回归课本回归课本P P3838）经典例句经典例句 We are prohibited from drinking during We are prohibited from drinking during working hours. working hours. 工作时间内我们禁止喝酒。工作时间内我们禁止喝酒。 Smoking is prohibited in the office Smoking is prohibited in the offi

40、ce building. building. 办公楼内禁止抽烟。办公楼内禁止抽烟。 His small size prohibits him becoming a His small size prohibits him becoming a policeman. policeman. 他的个子太小使他无法当警察。他的个子太小使他无法当警察。归纳拓展归纳拓展prohibit sth.prohibit sth.禁止某事禁止某事prohibit.from doing sth.prohibit.from doing sth.禁止禁止做某事做某事prohibit doing sth.prohibit

41、doing sth.禁止做某事禁止做某事prohibit smokingprohibit smoking禁止吸烟禁止吸烟prohibition prohibition n n. .禁止禁止, ,禁令禁令用用prohibitprohibit的适当形式填空的适当形式填空（1 1）The The against drunken against drunken driving will save many lives. driving will save many lives.(2)Selling or taking drugs is strictly (2)Selling or taking dru

42、gs is strictly in our country. in our country.prohibitionprohibitionprohibitedprohibited10.routine 10.routine n n. ., ,常规；惯例常规；惯例 .a lack of basic health .a lack of basic health routinesroutines provided the perfect conditions for the provided the perfect conditions for the disease to spread worldwi

43、de.( disease to spread worldwide.(回归课本回归课本P P3838） 经典例句经典例句 Workers will have a routine medical Workers will have a routine medical examination tomorrow. examination tomorrow. 工人们明天要进行常规的体格检查。工人们明天要进行常规的体格检查。 People tend to break daily routines People tend to break daily routines during festivals an

44、d holidays. during festivals and holidays. 在节假日人们往往打破日常惯例。在节假日人们往往打破日常惯例。 Old people prefer to follow the routine Old people prefer to follow the routine rather than accept new changes. rather than accept new changes. 老年人喜欢墨守成规而不是接受新变化。老年人喜欢墨守成规而不是接受新变化。归纳拓展归纳拓展daily routinedaily routine日常惯例日常惯例busi

45、ness routinebusiness routine例行业务手续例行业务手续break the routinebreak the routine打破常规打破常规follow the routinefollow the routine墨守成规墨守成规完成句子完成句子I like trying new ideas and dont like I like trying new ideas and dont like ( (墨守成规）墨守成规）. .following the routinefollowing the routine11.rob 11.rob vt vt. .抢劫；抢夺；使抢劫；

46、抢夺；使丧失丧失 .a heart attack .a heart attack robbedrobbed her brain of her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm. oxygen causing permanent harm.( (回归课本回归课本P P4040）经典例句经典例句 They robbed the jewelry store in broad They robbed the jewelry store in broad daylight. daylight. 他们在光天化日之下抢劫珠宝商店。他们在光天化日之下抢劫珠宝商店。

47、The disease robbed him of his strength.The disease robbed him of his strength. 生病使他变得虚弱无力。生病使他变得虚弱无力。 They robbed the people of their liberty. They robbed the people of their liberty. 他们夺走了人民的自由。他们夺走了人民的自由。归纳拓展归纳拓展rob sb.of sth.rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物；使某人丧失抢劫某人某物；使某人丧失rob sb.of sb.s confidencerob sb.of

48、 sb.s confidence使某人丧失信心使某人丧失信心robbery robbery n n. .抢劫，抢夺抢劫，抢夺易混辨析易混辨析rob/stealrob/stealrobrob和和stealsteal都有都有“盗窃盗窃”之意，但含义和用法不之意，但含义和用法不同。同。（1 1）robrob指公然地用暴力抢劫他人的所有物，句指公然地用暴力抢劫他人的所有物，句型为型为“rob+rob+被盗人或地方被盗人或地方+of+of+被盗物被盗物”（ofof及以及以后的部分有时可省略），不可用后的部分有时可省略），不可用rob sth.rob sth.表达表达“抢了某物抢了某物”。（2 2）ste

49、alsteal指暗中窃取，句型为指暗中窃取，句型为“steal+steal+被偷之被偷之物物+from+from+被偷的人或地方被偷的人或地方”。用用robrob，stealsteal的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)He had his wallet (1)He had his wallet of at the of at the entrance of a bank yesterday. entrance of a bank yesterday.(2)He was charged with (2)He was charged with (rob).(rob).(3)Some one (3)

50、Some one her money. her money.robbedrobbedrobberyrobberystolestole12.decline12.decline v v. .下降；婉拒；下降；婉拒；n n. .下降；减少下降；减少 .a patients chances of recovery .a patients chances of recovery declinedecline the longer they stay in a coma. the longer they stay in a coma.（回归课本（回归课本P P4040）经典例句经典例句 The stock