最新四级考试翻译专题精品课件.ppt

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1、一、评分原则及标准一、评分原则及标准 1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。2) the more2) the more, the more, the moreThe more you explain, _(The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂我愈糊涂) ) the more confused I am/become/getthe more confused I am/become/ge

2、t the less I understandthe less I understand3)A is 3)A is 倍数倍数+the size/length/width of B+the size/length/width of B A is A is倍数倍数 as +as +原级原级+as B+as B A is A is倍数倍数 more than Bmore than BOn average, it is said, visitors spend only On average, it is said, visitors spend only （一半的钱）（一半的钱）in a day i

3、n Leeds as in London.in a day in Leeds as in London. half as much moneyhalf as much money._,._,( (与我成长的地方相比与我成长的地方相比) )，this this town is more prosperous town is more prosperous and exciting.(08,6)and exciting.(08,6)Compared with the place Compared with the place where I grew upwhere I grew upIn com

4、parison with the place In comparison with the place where I was brought upwhere I was brought up2. 2. 核心语法考点核心语法考点虚拟语气虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、非谓语动词等。句知识、非谓语动词等。 例例1 1：The professor The professor required that _(required that _(我我们交研究报告们交研究报告) by Wednesday . ) by Wednesday . 【考点剖析考点剖析】require tha

5、t require that +sb+should+sb+should+动词原形动词原形 虚拟语气虚拟语气1. If she had returned an hour 1. If she had returned an hour earlier , Maryearlier , Mary ( (就不会被就不会被大雨淋湿了大雨淋湿了). (09,6). (09,6) wouldn wouldnt have been caught in t have been caught in the heavy rain.the heavy rain.2.2. The victim_ (The victim_

6、(本来有机会活本来有机会活下来下来) if he had been taken to ) if he had been taken to hospital in time.hospital in time.would have a chance to survive.would have a chance to survive. of of survival. survival. 3.But for you, _.(3.But for you, _.(我就迷路了）我就迷路了）I would have lost my wayI would have lost my way. .(without,

7、 but for, in the absence of , (without, but for, in the absence of , were it not for)were it not for)4. You4. Youd better take a sweater with d better take a sweater with you_you_ (_ (以防天气变冷以防天气变冷)(08,12)(08,12)lest /in case it (should) get coldlest /in case it (should) get cold(lest, in case, for f

8、ear that)(lest, in case, for fear that)5. It is essential that 5. It is essential that _ (_ (把这些申请表把这些申请表尽早寄出）尽早寄出）these application forms be sent these application forms be sent as early as possibleas early as possible. .（It is +adj.+that.)It is +adj.+that.) advisable, appropriate, advisable, appro

9、priate, desirable, essential, desirable, essential, fundamental, imperative, fundamental, imperative, important, necessary, proper, important, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, a shame)urgent, vital, a shame)例例2 2：Not onlyNot only _ (_ (他向我收费过高他向我收费过高), but he ), but he didnt do a good repair didnt

10、do a good repair job either (job either (大纲样题大纲样题) ) 【考点剖析考点剖析】倒装倒装句首的句首的Not onlyNot onlydid he overcharge medid he overcharge me _(_(直到他直到他完成使命完成使命)did he realize )did he realize that he was seriously that he was seriously ill. (08.6)ill. (08.6) Not until he had Not until he had accomplished/ compl

11、eted/ accomplished/ completed/ finished/ fulfilled his finished/ fulfilled his mission.mission.3. 3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查核心动词以及动词短语的考查 例例1 1：Though a skilled Though a skilled worker, worker, _(_(他被他被公司解雇了公司解雇了) last week ) last week because of the economic because of the economic crisis . crisis . 【考点剖析考点剖

12、析】 解雇解雇“ dismiss, discharge, fire dismiss, discharge, fire 在明确了新四级翻译的核心考在明确了新四级翻译的核心考点之后，点之后，如何应对？如何应对？冲冲刺刺备备考考建建议议在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多多样化样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重掌握重点核心表达点核心表达。绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考新四级翻译考点点 多背搭配多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配，同时利用经典搭配

13、多造句子多造句子，完善语法结构完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。水平，一举两得。 强化重点语法知识。如强化重点语法知识。如倒装倒装结构、结构、虚拟虚拟语语气、气、比较比较结构、结构、定语从句定语从句、状语从句状语从句、非非谓语谓语动词等。动词等。 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。在考点，学会举一反三。 1. 1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。点核心表达。 例：例：(

14、 (为了挣钱供我上为了挣钱供我上学学)_, mother )_, mother often takes on more work than is good often takes on more work than is good for her health. for her health. To earn money for my education; To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money

15、 to finance my In order to make money to finance my education ; education ; In order to make money to fund my In order to make money to fund my education ; education ; In order to earn money to afford my In order to earn money to afford my educationeducation2. 2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以

16、前的词单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点 例：例：The author was The author was required to required to submitsubmit an an abstract of about 200 words abstract of about 200 words together with his research together with his research paper. paper. He gave a pledge to handle He gave a pledge to handle the

17、affairs in a friendly the affairs in a friendly manner . manner . 【考点探究考点探究】 give a pledge to do sth give a pledge to do sth ( (承诺做某事承诺做某事) )；handlehandlein .manner(in .manner(以以.方式方式) )You will not be particular You will not be particular about your food in time of about your food in time of great

18、hunger great hunger 【考点探究考点探究】be particular about your be particular about your foodfood( (对食物挑剔对食物挑剔) )be selective about your foodbe selective about your food加强语法：真题中出现的主要句型加强语法：真题中出现的主要句型1. 1. 从句从句(1)(1)主语从句主语从句真题：真题：_(_(很多人没有意识到的很多人没有意识到的)is )is providing the best education possible providing th

19、e best education possible for their children.(2009.6)for their children.(2009.6)答案：答案：What many people donWhat many people dont realizet realize(2)(2)宾语从句宾语从句真题：真题：Many Americans live on credit, and Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of lifetheir quality of life_ _ _(_(是用他是用他们能够借到多少来衡量

20、的们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much ), not how much they can earn.(2007.12)they can earn.(2007.12)答案：答案：is measured by how much they can is measured by how much they can loanloan【真题真题】_(_(大多数父母所关心大多数父母所关心的的)is providing the best education )is providing the best education possible for their possible for thei

21、r children.(2008.12)children.(2008.12)【解析解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中语中“所关心的所关心的”实际上是指实际上是指“所关心所关心的事情的事情”，用英语表达则使用，用英语表达则使用whatwhat引导引导的从句。的从句。WhatWhat在主语从句中作介词的宾在主语从句中作介词的宾语。语。“关心关心”可以用可以用be concerned be concerned aboutabout表达。表达。【答案答案】What most parents are What most parents are concerned abou

22、tconcerned about(3)(3)表语从句表语从句真题：真题：In my sixties, one change In my sixties, one change I notice is that_(I notice is that_(我我比以前更容易累了比以前更容易累了).(2007.12).(2007.12)答案：答案：I am more likely to get I am more likely to get tired than beforetired than before(4)(4)定语从句定语从句真题：真题：Medical researchers are painf

23、ully Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many aware that there are many problems_(problems_(他们至今还没有答他们至今还没有答案案)(2008.12)(2008.12)答案：答案：(that/which)they haven(that/which)they havent found t found solution tosolution to或或to which they havento which they havent found t found solution

24、solution真题：真题：_(_(与我成长的地方相比与我成长的地方相比), this ), this town is more prosperous and town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)exciting.(2008.6)答案：答案：Compared with the place where I grew Compared with the place where I grew upup真题：真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS The prevention and treatment of

25、 AIDS is _(is _(我们可以合作的领域我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6).(2007.6)答案：答案：the field where(in which)we can the field where(in which)we can cooperatecooperate(5)(5)状语从句状语从句真题：真题：Leaving oneLeaving ones job, _(s job, _(不管是什不管是什么工作么工作), is a difficult change, even for ), is a difficult change, even for those who look

26、forward to retiring.(2008.6)those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)答案：答案：whatever it is(whatever it is(让步状语从句让步状语从句) )真题：真题：I am going to pursue this course, I am going to pursue this course, _(_(无论我要作出什么样的牺无论我要作出什么样的牺牲牲).(2007.12).(2007.12)答案：答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have no matter

27、 what kind of sacrifice I have to make(to make(让步状语从句让步状语从句) )真题：真题：Some psychologists claim that people Some psychologists claim that people _(_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)(2006.12)答案：答案：may feel lonely when they are away from may feel lonely when they are away from home(home(时间状语从句时间状语从句) )

28、2.2.虚拟语气虚拟语气 历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：点可以归纳如下：(1)(should)+(1)(should)+动词原形的情形动词原形的情形; ;(2)if(2)if或或but forbut for等引导的条件句等引导的条件句; ;(3)wish, if only, would rather, It (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time thatis(high)time that的用法。的用法。【真题真题】You would not have failed You would not h

29、ave failed if_(if_(按照我的指令去做按照我的指令去做).(2009.12).(2009.12)【答案答案】you had followed my instructions you had followed my instructions 或者或者you had followed my ordersyou had followed my orders【解析解析】本题考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是本题考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是ifif从句的虚拟语气考查从句的虚拟语气考查; ;根据语法规定，如果根据语法规定，如果主句中出现主句中出现would +havewould +have的

30、形式，从句中应该的形式，从句中应该采用采用had+had+过去分词的结构过去分词的结构; ;第二是固定搭配第二是固定搭配“按照按照的指令的指令”表达为表达为follow my follow my instructions instructions 或者是或者是follow my orders follow my orders 注注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以; ;注意很注意很多学生出现遗漏主语多学生出现遗漏主语youyou，造成不必要的失分。，造成不必要的失分。【真题真题】The victim _(The victim _(本来会有本来会有机会活下来机会活下

31、来)if he had been taken to )if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)hospital in time.(2006.12)【解析解析】本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，ifif引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主句谓语一般使用句谓语一般使用would have donewould have done。【答案答案】would have had a chance to would h

32、ave had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survive/would have had a chance of survivalsurvival3.3.倒装结构倒装结构 倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：可以分为四大类：(1)(1)否定倒装。否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性指否定副词或否定的副词性结构结构hardly, seldom,

33、 scarcely, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no circumstances, in no way, no soonersoonerthanthan，not onlynot onlybut alsobut also用于用于句首时所导致的倒装句首时所导致的倒装。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now Seldom

34、 did I go to theater, but now it is different.it is different.以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。【真题真题】Not onlyNot only_(_(他向我收费过高他向我收费过高) )，but he but he didndidnt t do a good repair job do a good repair job either.(2006.6either.(2006.6新新) )【解析解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词虑两个层次，

35、首先是动词“收费收费”的对应词，应的对应词，应当译为当译为“chargecharge”。收费。收费“过高过高”往往使用往往使用too too much,much,更加巧妙的用词更加巧妙的用词overchargeovercharge就可以表示就可以表示“收费过高收费过高”。其次，。其次，not onlynot onlybutbut结构中结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词动词diddid提出来，按照倒装形式译为提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he did

36、he overcharge me/dids he charge me too muchovercharge me/dids he charge me too much。【答案答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge did he overcharge me/did he charge me too muchme too much(2)(2)虚拟倒装。虚拟倒装。指在指在ifif引导的虚拟条引导的虚拟条件句中，将件句中，将ifif省略，把省略，把should, should, had, werehad, were提至主语前，形成倒装。提至主语前，形成倒装。 Wer

37、e I you, I Were I you, Ill never ll never promise to do that.promise to do that.如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。(3)(3)强调倒装强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如：至句首时，实行倒装，如：A. A. so so 倒装句倒装句So diligently does he work that he So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.o

38、ften forgets to eat and sleep.他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。B. B. 以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, only, often, thenoften, thenThen did I throw myself into the chair, Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。Only by working hard can we achi

39、eve Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.what we want.我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。(4)(4)在在“so+so+形容词形容词thatthat分句分句”结构中，结构中，如将如将“so+so+形容词形容词”置于句首以示强置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词调时，其后的系动词bebe则要移到主语则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。 So moved So moved was shewas she that she that she could no

40、t say a word.could not say a word. 她感动得说不出话来。她感动得说不出话来。模拟习题：模拟习题： 1.She1.She nevernever laughed,_laughed,_( (也从不发脾气也从不发脾气) )。 2.All2.All thethe keykey wordswords inin thethe articlearticle areare priprintednted inin boldbold typetype soso asas to_to_(_(吸引读者的注意力吸引读者的注意力) )。 3.The3.The roomroom isis i

41、nin a a terribleterrible mess,mess, it_(it_(肯定没打扫过肯定没打扫过) )。 4.4.（这个计划成功的关键）（这个计划成功的关键）_is_is goodgood planning. planning. 5.When5.When I I _(_(发现他骗发现他骗我我)I)I stoppedstopped buyingbuying thingsthings therethere andand startstarteded dealingdealing withwith anotheranother shop. shop. 答案：答案：1.1. norno

42、r diddid sheshe everever loselose temper/becometemper/become angryangry ( (本题有两个考察点，第一，表示本题有两个考察点，第一，表示“两个都不两个都不”的否的否定词应该用定词应该用nornor，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，“发脾气发脾气”的表达法：的表达法：loselose temper/becometemper/become angry) angry) 2.2. drawdraw /attract/attract readerreaders s attention attenti

43、on ( (考察考察drawdraw /attract/attract readerreaders s attentionattention “ “引起引起某人注意某人注意”， soso asas toto 后接后接dodo sth.) sth.) 3.3. cancant t havehave beenbeen cleanedcleaned ( (“情态动词情态动词+have+have donedone”表示推测，表示推测，cancant t表示不表示不可能，如推测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式可能，如推测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式) ) 4.4. TheThe keykey t

44、oto thethe successsuccess ofof thisthis projectproject (key(key在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词to) to) 5.5. found/caughtfound/caught himhim cheatingcheating meme Test 1 Test 1 1._( 1._(从太空上来看从太空上来看) )，our earth, with water covering about our earth, with water covering about 75% of its surface, appea

45、rs as a 75% of its surface, appears as a “blue planetblue planet”. .2.Anti-government demonstrations do 2.Anti-government demonstrations do occur, but seldom, if ever, occur, but seldom, if ever, _(_(正如报纸上报道正如报纸上报道他们的那样他们的那样) )。3.He lent me a thousand 3.He lent me a thousand pounds,_(pounds,_(那正好是我那

46、正好是我需要的数目需要的数目)to solve my problem.)to solve my problem.4.The 4.The villagers_(villagers_(理所当理所当然地认为然地认为)that we should build new )that we should build new roads.roads.5._(5._(如果我和我如果我和我兄弟之间出现争吵兄弟之间出现争吵) )，my dad settles it.my dad settles it. 1. Seen from space1. Seen from spaceSeen from spaceSeen f

47、rom space此处用做状语，它和句子主句此处用做状语，它和句子主句the the earth earth 的关系是被动的，要用过去分词，的关系是被动的，要用过去分词，being seen being seen 是现在分词的被动形式，这种形式用在动作正在进行是现在分词的被动形式，这种形式用在动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生，在作状语的分词里较或与谓语表示的动词同时发生，在作状语的分词里较少适用。少适用。2. are they reported in the newspaper2. are they reported in the newspaperbut but 后的分句是以含有否定意

48、义的后的分句是以含有否定意义的seldomseldom起首的，起首的，后面要用倒装结构。由于是被报纸报道，所以后面要用倒装结构。由于是被报纸报道，所以report report 要用它的被动形式。要用它的被动形式。3. which is exactly the amount I needed3. which is exactly the amount I needed此处用关系代词此处用关系代词which which 指代指代a thousand pounds.a thousand pounds.英英语中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名词短语，虽然语中表示金钱、时间、距离等数量的名词短语，虽然形

49、式上是复数的，其后动词仍用单数形式。形式上是复数的，其后动词仍用单数形式。4. take it for granted4. take it for grantedtake it for granted take it for granted 是固定搭配，意思是是固定搭配，意思是“理所理所当然地认为当然地认为”。5. If any quarrel arises between my brother 5. If any quarrel arises between my brother and meand me此句容易把此句容易把arise arise 用成用成riserise，但是，但是 ris

50、erise的意思是的意思是“升起，起来升起，起来”，而，而arise arise 的意思是的意思是“出现，发生，出现，发生，呈现呈现”，主语一般为抽象名词，如，主语一般为抽象名词，如“problem, problem, trouble, quarreltrouble, quarrel”等等. .Test 2Test 21 1_(_(钟声响了钟声响了) and we ) and we realized it was already two orealized it was already two oclock clock in the afternoon.in the afternoon.2.F