最新四级翻译新幻灯片.ppt

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1、四级翻译新四级翻译新四级翻译命题形式时间5分钟，5道题全部为汉译英，占5%，共36分。 在答题卡2上作答。句长为15至30个词，其中有部分英语词汇给出,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，考生只需按照英文句子意思把汉语部分翻译成英文。【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气和被动的掌握。(should) be fixed/installed by the window例2：(大纲样题)2. Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.did he charge me too muchdid he ov

2、ercharge me四级翻译原则：切忌逐字翻译2007-65. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _ (如果你方便的话).本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句或固定搭配，“你方便的话”If it is convenient for youat your convenience关注三方面：关注三方面：人称、单复数、动词（时态、语态、语气）成功破解四级汉译英解题流程：第一步：浏览句子、判定考点第二步：判定动词、切块组合切块组合以动词动词为切入点；先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。语法考点：1.被动20

3、06-0691.Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.第一步：由Though a skilled worker, last week because of the economic crisis.可以推出，划线处应该补全完整主句，时态由last week确定为一般过去时态。第二步：1.切块翻译：“解雇”= be fired(注意被动)；“他”=he；“公司”=company2.重新组合： 正确答案：he was fired by the companyfire dismiss20

4、08-0687. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _ (能应用于新技术的开发). 考点：固定搭配和被动语态“apply to” can be applied to the development of the new technology 2008-1291.the anti-virus agent was not known _ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它)答案：答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctoruntil a doctor foun

5、d it by chance 2010-690It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁).(should) be fixed/installed by the window2010-1288. The magnificent museum _(据说建成于) about a hundred years ago.【结构分析】主语为the significant museum，谓语 （据说建成于）about a hundred years ago为时间状语。【考点】被动语态: 主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系; 且bulid这

6、一动作发生在过去。据说 be said to；be said to+ 动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。【答案】：is said to have been built 语法考点：2.定语从句定从翻译步骤：a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词)b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词： who/ whose / which / where / when；若关系词在从句中做宾语，可省略。2007-0688. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域). 第一步：浏览句子，判定考点：定语从句第二步：1. 补充完成主句，注意单复

7、数. the field, 2. 完成定语从句写作：判定动词, 切块翻译答案：the field where we can cooperate或者：the field in which we can cooperate 2008-12：87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案)that they havent found answers toto which they still have no answers 2008-6：90. _ (与我成长的地方相比), this

8、 town is more prosperous and exciting.Compared with the place where I grew up2010-1291. They requested that _(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.books I borrowed should be returned to the libraryI should return books I borrowed to the library语法考点：3.名词性从句a.宾语从句b.主语从句c. 表语从句d. 同位语从句a.宾从从句在主句中充当动词、介词或形容词的宾语：由th

9、at/what/who/whether/where/which 等引导2007-1291. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），not how much they can earn.衡量：measure答案：is measured by how much can they borrow. is measured by how much they can borrow.b.主语从句2008-12：88. (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best educati

10、on possible for their children.所字结构= what从句（what在从句中作宾语）What most parents are concerned about2009-0690. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.90. What many people dont realize使字结构= what 从句（what在从句中做主语）写作常用句式：I think that = what convinces me is that 2010-1290. _(

11、给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.What impressed tourists the most 2. _ (他喜欢做的事情)is ignored by society as of no value or importance.Key: What he enjoys doingc.表语从句【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了).I am easier to get tired than before.

12、答案：I am more likely to get tired than before.语法考点：4.状语从句状语从句：让步、时间、条件、目的、原因、地点、结果、方式和比较小重点：让步状语从句a. no matter + what/ who/ when/ where/how what/ who/ when/ where/ how + ever区分：No matter what VS whatever No matter what: 只能充当状语Whatever: 引导名词性从句或状语从句简单办法：有逗号= no matter what 无逗号= whatever2007-1289. I am

13、 going to purchase this course,_（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make2008-689. Leaving ones job, _ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.89. Leaving ones job, _ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to

14、retiring.【解析】第一步：待译内容是让步状语(从句)。“不管是什么”可以译作no matter what或whatever。第二步：切块（翻译）组合：no matter what job it isno matter what the job iswhatever job it is2 (无论谁在这抽烟)will be punished. (主语从句) 答案：Whoever smokes here（不能用no matter who）时间状语从句：2006-1290. Some psychologists claim that people_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)答案：may fe

15、el lonely when they are away from home目的状语从句89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷) in case it turns cold89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷)答案：in case of cold weather/ temperature drop条件状语从句：2008-6：5. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _ (如果你方便的话).本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句，“你方便的话”

16、it is convenient for youat your convenience原因状语从句：2007-1290. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because_（它更加方便和省时）.the former is more convenient and time-saving语法考点：5.倒装在英语中在英语中,主语和谓语有两种顺序主语和谓语有两种顺序: 一是主语在前一是主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后,称为称为自然语序自然语序( Natural Order ).反之反之,如果谓语在主语前面如果谓语

17、在主语前面,就是就是倒装语序倒装语序( Inverted Order ).倒装原因：语法结构的需要；强调。倒装原因：语法结构的需要；强调。倒装语序倒装语序全部倒装全部倒装部分倒装部分倒装Full InversionPartial Inversion部分部分( (半半) )倒装倒装:(:(一般疑问句语序一般疑问句语序) )a. 表否定的副词或短语位于句首，主句半倒装I will never agree. Never will I agree. Hardly can I agree.not until, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, neither, littl

18、e, in no case(决不), 此外：on no account, by no means, rarely, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also。(大纲样题) Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair

19、job either.正常语序：he charged me too much 答案：did he charge me too muchdid he overcharge me2008-0691. _ (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.解析：1. 待译内容是时间状语，由于动作发生在主句谓语之前，应该用过去完成时。2. “完成使命”可译作accomplish/completed/finish/fulfill ones mission“直到(才)”译作not until答案：Not until he had finished/fulf

20、illed his mission2010-0688.The manager never laughed; neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气)did she lose her temper. did she become angry.语法考点：虚拟语气a. (should)+动词原形的情形b. if或but for等引导的条件句c. wish, if only的用法a1. (should)+动词原形的情形:表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”名词性从句：动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist,

21、require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等。3.The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.第一步：由The professor required that_ ,可以推出，划线处应该填写句子，并且是虚拟语气。第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“交”= hand in；“研究报告”=research reports（名词注意单复数）；“我们”we2.重新组合： 正确答案：we (shou

22、ld) hand in （submit） our research reports91. They requested that_(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.books I borrowed should be returned to the libraryI should return books I borrowed to the library特例：it is time that + 一般过去式谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown

23、.答案：something was done/some measures were takenb. if或but for等引导的条件句区别：if 引导从句 but for= without: 加名词、代词、动名词b1: if引导的虚拟语气 条件从句 结果主句 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be动词用were) would+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词(had done) would have done 与将来事实相反 一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形 would(should)+动词原形 a.与现在的事实相反：If - + were/did-, - + woul

24、d/ might do-如果我爸是李刚，我相撞谁撞谁。If my father were Li Gang, I would collide with anyone I like. 半倒装形式：Were I/Did 2.与过去的事实相反：If - + had done-, - +would/ might have done-如果我生于比尔盖茨家族，我将会买好几辆公交车。If I had been born in Bill Gates, I would have bought several buses as my private cars. 半倒装：Had I 3.与将来的事实可能相反：If -

25、+ should/were to do-, -+ would/ should do-假如世界末日在2012年到来，我会If the doomsday were to come in 2012, I would 半倒装：Were the doomsday to 3.The victim _(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he

26、had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。第2步：1.切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive2.重新组合：would have had a chance to survive.2009-6：88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).答案：wouldnt have been caught by the rain2009-12：87. You would not have fai

27、led if you _ (按照我的指令去做)had followed my instructions/ordershad done as I ordered b2. but for/without=if it were not for/if it had not been for真题再现：89. There would be no life on earth _(没有地球独特的环境).without its unique environmentbut for its unique environmentc.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去与

28、过去事实相反与过去事实相反 Had done或would/could have done将来没有把握或不将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望太可能实现的愿望 would/should (could, might)+动词原形 C.2. If only（但愿）与wish 情况类似（从句分三种情况）：wish 均可用If only 代之，含义大致相同。如：Xiao Qiang wishes I were with him in CET-4. If only Sky were with XQ. 语法考点：比较级1. Since my childhood I have found that _ （没有什么比

29、读书对我更有吸引力）（06.12）答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading2. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂) （06.6新）原句：If I eat more, I am slimmer. The more I eat, the slimmer I become. 答案：the more confused I am/become4. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重)（09.6）more likely

30、to put on weight5. In my sixties, one change I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了)（07.12）Im more likely to get tired than before.词汇知识考察：2006年6月1.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble_ (找到去历史博物馆的路).解题步骤:第一步：由he had no trouble .可以推出，划线处应该填写in doing sth第2步：1.切块翻译：“找到”= find，“路”=road/way，“去历史博古馆”

31、= to the History Museum2.组合：正确答案：finding the/his way to the History Museum同类考点：2009-6: 8787. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.87. difficulty /trouble (in) catching/ keeping up with his classmates.区分区分keep up with 意为“跟上”，指并肩前进，并驾齐驱，不至落

32、后、掉队；catch up with 意为赶上，指从后边追上或改变落后状。2010年6月87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _(集中注意力在实验上).(in) concentrating on the experiment focusing her attention on the experiment小重点：Ving宾语I dont mind your_(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.delaying making词汇积累词汇积累mi

33、nd作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式。2. _(为了挣钱供我上学), mother often takes on more work than is good for her.第一步：由, mother often takes on more work than is good for her.可以推出，划线处应该填写状语成分，整个句子时态是一般现在时态。第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“为了赚钱”= in order to earn/make money，“供我上学”=for my education/tuition，

34、2.组合： 正确答案：In order to make/earn money for my tuitionTo earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling;In order to make money to finance my education;In order to make money to fund my education;In order to earn money to afford my education考点链接：2010-1287. _(为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in

35、 advance.In order to ensure him to attend the meetingTo ensure his attendance at the meeting比较级考点2006-064.The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂).If I eat more, I become slimmer. The more I eat, the slimmer I become.解题步骤:第一步：由The more you explain, .可以推出，划线处应该填写固定搭配，构成the more-, the more的结构形式。第二步：1.切块对应翻译：“糊涂”= be confused(注意比较级)；“我”=I2.重新组合：the more confused I am.