[英语学习]Unit-10-英语泛读.ppt

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1、Part I Vocabulary赤道维度、经度海拔北回归线、南回归线北极、南极热带、温带、寒带地中海加勒比海波斯湾墨西哥湾半岛构造板块地壳干旱热带风暴热带气旋强降雨热浪飓风震源、震中、震级余震里氏震级岩浆火山喷发火山口海啸雪崩塌方洪水降水气象学地震学水文学Part I VocabularyEquatorLatitude, longitudeAltitudeTropic of CancerTropic of CapricornNorth pole, south poleTropical/Torrid Zone, Temperate Zone, Frigid/cold ZoneMediterra

2、nean SeaCaribbean SeaThe Persian GulfThe Gulf of MexicoPeninsularTectonic plateCrustTropical stormTropical cyclonesIntense rainfallshurricanesHypocenter, epicenter, magnitudeAftershockRichter scaleLavaVolcano eruptionCraterTsunamiAvalancheLandslideDelugePrecipitationSeismologyMeteorologyhydrologyPar

3、t II Background: El Nino, La Nina El Nino - (El Nee-nyo) is the warming of water in the Pacific Ocean. La Nina - (Lah Nee-Nyah) is the cooling of water in the Pacific Ocean. Part II Background: El Nino, La NinaPart II Background: El Nino, La NinaEl Nino, La NinaWinds of Change Ground and satellite d

4、ata were used to create this image of the equatorial Pacific, showing deviations in El Nio temperature and wind direction in May 1997. East-to-west winds have reversed themselves, at left, and a counterclockwise pattern near the top sends warm, moist air toward California.Image by W. Timothy Liu, Je

5、t Propulsion Laboratory, NASAPart II Background: El Nino, La Nina Interesting Facts El Nino was first discovered hundreds of years ago by fishermen off the coast of Peru. El Nino means “Little Boy” and was named after the Christ child (幼年基督), because it usually starts around Christmas. La Nina means

6、 Little Girl. It is also called El Viejo, which means old man, or an ENSO cold event. La Nina occurs roughly half as often as El Nino El Nino and La Nina are the most powerful phenomena on the earth and alter the climate across more than half the planet. El Nino may be caused by underwater volcanoes

7、 in the Pacific. Part II Background: Hurricane Mitch Hurricane Mitch was the most powerful hurricane of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season, with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h). The storm was the thirteenth tropical storm, ninth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the season. At th

8、e time, Hurricane Mitch was the strongest Atlantic hurricane observed in the month of October, though it has since been surpassed by Hurricane Wilma of the 2005 season. The hurricane matched the fourth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record (it has since dropped to seventh). Mitch formed in the w

9、estern Caribbean Sea on October 22, and after drifting through extremely favorable conditions, it rapidly strengthened to peak at Category 5 status, the highest possible rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. After drifting southwestward and weakening, the hurricane hit Honduras as a minimal

10、hurricane. It drifted through Central America, reformed in the Bay of Campeche, and ultimately struck Florida as a strong tropical storm.Storm pathMudslide Damage Tally （stick）(para. 5)Part III Text: Main idea What are the two questions that the text is trying to answer? Has weather on earth gone wi

11、ld? Why? Effective data are needed to confirm that weather has gone wild; current extreme weather events occur due to many factors, including El Nio and La Nia; and the global warming issue should be studied from the global perspective Part III Text: organization Para 1-2: Surprise and extreme weath

12、er Para 3-4：In spite of the scientists opinion that weather is starting to change , to understand the pattern in natural variability, we need to study data, which isnt easy. Para 5-7: Weather related damages taken together seem to show a frightening pictureclimate change. Para 8-9 The statistics met

13、eorologists have collected on extreme weather events arent enough to prove that the weather is getting worse. Para 10-17 One reason for possible climate change is discussed: global warning Para 18-24 Another reason for possible climate change is discussed: El Nino and La Nina Para 25-end: Conclusion

14、 and suggestions for dealing with extreme weather in the future.Part III Text : Questions 1. Why are scientists reluctant to conclude that the weather has gone wild? Has the weather gone extreme in your area? 2. Is global warming to blame for harsh weather? 3.What is El Nio? And what is its influenc

15、e on the climate? Part III Text : Questions Despite of the increased disasters brought about by bad weather, scientists are hesitant to say the weather is getting worse for lack of strong data to prove the statement. As harsh weather happens infrequently, it is difficult for scientists to come up wi

16、th enough scientifically sound statistics. Besides, even if they had good numbers, the present computer resolution is still too coarse to be able to make definite predictions.Part III Text : Questions Although the hypothesis that global warming is to blame for harsh weather arouses wide attention am

17、ong scientists, no one can provide enough evidence to prove it. For example, Trenberth, whose findings about global warming and El Nio caused a stir in the field of meteorology, is aware of the weakness of his hypothesis. Part III Text : Questions El Nio is the periodic warming of the equatorial Pac

18、ific that induces storms and other climatic events, historically occurs once every three or seven years and lasts for up to two years. It can cause storms, floods, droughts, and secondary effects like fires. For example, in the early 1990s, the dryness in Indonesia and other tropical pacific area, t

19、he blister in southern Africa and the storm in California were all due to El Nio. Sentences 1. But the scientists cautioned that the study analyzed only 80 years of data, confined itself to the United States which occupies a mere 2 percent of the globe and found nothing out of the realm of pure chan

20、ce.(para. 15) The realm of pure chance: metaphor The study analyzed data of a short time of 80 years and a small area of the United States, therefore, the results were only accidental and not reliable. Sentences 2. Scientists found themselves wondering: What would happen if one of natures storm mach

21、ines not completely understood but still adhering to rhythms as regular as the seasons were pressed into service by global warming?(para. 17) Scientists do not have a complete understanding of EL Nino. However, it has regular rhythms. Scientists wanted to know what would happen if global warming for

22、ced EL Nino to happen?Sentences 3. A known instigator of storms, floods, droughts, and secondary effects like fires, the El Nio-Southern Oscillation could go a long way toward explaining many weather extremes. (para. 18) Instigator: initiator, producer Go a long way toward : be an important factor i

23、n be very important and helpful in 对大有裨益 Goodwill and cooperation can go a long way towards smoothing your way to the top. 4. Contrasting cool ocean currents in the Pacific can usher in the opposite phase?, La Nina, which tends to dry out the southwestern and South Central states. (para. 18) Usher i

24、n sth: mark or be the start of sth. new; cause, start迎来，开始 Firework displays ushered in the New YearSentences 5. For me, the new data.indicate that we appear to be nudging noticeably closer to the smoking gun demanded by people who require very high levels of proof. Nudge: gently push with the elbow

25、; approach, get close to Smoking gun: a piece of evidence that someone is responsible for a crime, or that something is true, 确凿证据 就我看来，这些新数据表明.我们离那些要求很高层次证据的人所要求的确凿证据，明显地已经越来越近。Part IV: expressions 把目光投向窗外 冬季暴雪 夏季酷暑 秋季寒潮 抛在我们面前 地狱般狂风横扫。 暴风雪重击。 倾盆大雨 自然变化 热带旋风Part IV: expressions 控诉怪异的天气 局部地区 诸多原因 计算

26、损失 遭遇灾难重击 气候灾难 索赔 轻视的观点 增长的人口 降水事件 从历史数据中筛选 提出观点 引起轰动，引起波澜Part IV: expressions 文献显示 可信度不高 海水蒸发 畏缩，退缩 肩膀耷拉下来 风暴、洪水的制造者 在某处大雨倾盆 普通的埃尔尼诺 掷硬币 指出自己工作中的漏洞 这有点道理。 遭受连续打击 横扫 达到新高 是未来天气的类比和预演 Part IV: expressions Flip your eyes over to the window 把目光投向窗外 (flip: turn, move, throw quickly) A winter blizzard 冬季

27、暴雪(compare: blister, lizard) A summer swelter 夏季酷暑 (sweat because of heat) An autumn cold snap 秋季寒潮 (break, move quickly) Sling our way 抛在我们面前 (throw casually, fling) Hellholes of wind rampages through地狱般狂风横扫(rush about violently and wildly) Roast through weeks of the worst drought Blizzards pound暴风

28、雪重击 Torrential downpour 倾盆大雨 Natural variability 自然变化Part IV: Expressions Indict weird weather 控诉怪异的天气 Your neck of woods 局部地区 a host of reasons 诸多原因 (a raft of) Tally up the damage 计算损失 Be whacked by disasters遭遇灾难重击 (hit hard) Weather woes 气候灾难(things that cause great sorrow) Damage claims 索赔 Dimin

29、ish the claims that轻视的观点 (make or become less in size, volume, intensity; belittle) Swelling population 增长的人口 Precipitation events 降水事件 The literature has suggested that文献显示 Tropical cyclones 热带旋风Part IV: expressions These projections rank low on the confidence scale 可信度不高 （an estimation based on a

30、study; 预测） Flinch 畏缩，退缩 （move aside as a result of fear） ones shoulders crumple 肩膀耷拉下来 (become bent, crooked; collapse) Ocean evaporation 海水蒸发(vapor：steam) Sift through historical data 从历史数据中筛选(sieve筛子) Float an idea 提出观点 Cause a stir in the audience 引起轰动，引起波澜 Instigator of storms，flood 风暴、洪水的制造者 (i

31、nstigate: initiate, bring about) Usher in the opposite phase (cause, bring about)Part IV: expressions Drench California 在加尼福尼亚地区大雨倾盆 (wet thoroughly, soak; compare:trench) Run-of-the-mill El Nino普通的埃尔尼诺 A corn flip 掷硬币 Poke a hole in his own work 指出自己工作中的漏洞(poker 拨火棍) Theres a shred of truth to it.

32、这有点道理。（a small narrow piece） Get battered 遭受连续打击 (beat repeatedly with hard blows) Whisk through 横扫 (fly whisk used to remove dust or flies) Hit new highs 达到新高 Evidence mounts that 越来越多，增长 An analogue，a dry run to the future 是未来天气的类比和预演 (something similar to) 2 VERB V, V-ing If something mounts, it

33、increases in intensity. For several hours, tension mounted. There was mounting concern in her voice. = rise 3 VERB V, V-ing If something mounts, it increases in quantity. The uncollected garbage mounts in city streets. He ignored his mounting debts. PHRASAL VERB V P To mount up means the same as to

34、mount. Her medical bills mounted up.Fast reading Passage 1 Wind direction veers 变化 Turbulent （水，气流）湍急的 Detour round it 迂回 Ominous 不祥的 Rear flank 侧面 Tornadic 飓风的 Terra firma 陆地 Passage 2 Scare stories 骇人的 A boon for the environment 裨益 Huddle in smoke-filled hovels 拥挤/茅舍 Prosperity 繁荣 Frozen tundra 苔原 Steppers （跨步行走的）人或动物Key A. c B. 1-5 cbbcb 6-10 cbbcc D. 1-5 bacba 6-10 ddaca 11-14 cbba Fast reading: 1-5 abbda 6-10 cbbda 11-15 dcddb Home reading: 1-5 cccad 6-10 bddbc