最新同位语从句用此精品课件.ppt

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1、同位语从句用此同位语从句用此语法精解语法精解( (一一) )1. 同位语同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名它位于名词、代词后面词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情说明它们的性质和情况况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。语或从句充当。e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have n

2、o idea when he will come back. 同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：和名词隔开：注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won. 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式: 由由that引导引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he

3、may come here is not gone yet. The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 由由whether引导引导 The question

4、whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go. 有时可用有时可用 namely (即即), that is to say (也就是说也就是说), in other words (换句话说换句话说), that is (那就是那就是), for example 等引出同位语等引出同位语, 说明其说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。直接跟在名词或代词的后面。 He told u

5、s the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区

6、别它们我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。象的也有不抽象的。We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句同位语从句)Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定语从句定语从句) 同位语从句同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；辑关系； 定语从句定语从句所限定的名

7、词是从句逻辑上的所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句定语从句, news是是told的逻辑宾语的逻辑宾语)The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关和从句没有逻辑关系系)The day

8、 when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句定语从句, day是是founded 的逻辑状语的逻辑状语) 同位语从句同位语从句主要由连接词主要由连接词that引导引导,有时有时也可用也可用when, where, who, whether等引等引导导; 定语从句定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he w

9、as born? 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子整句子, 谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式。的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为

10、一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.练习练习1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从

11、句的复合句。句的复合句。2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.Many Chinese parents hold t

12、he view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.The suggestion t

13、hat students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.6. We dont think you two have met before. 我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句宾语从句)翻译句子翻译句子, ,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。并说明这个名词性从句的作用。7. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 约翰肯定会考好。约翰肯定会考好。 (主语从句主语从句)8. Whether they are coming

14、or not dont matter too much. 他们来不来无关紧要。他们来不来无关紧要。 (主语从句主语从句)9. Now is when we need him most. 现在是我们最需要他的时候。现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句表语从句)10. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句同位语从句)11. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。他们获奖的事实令我

15、们高兴。 (同位语从句同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12. I cant decide _ book I should buy.13. China is no longer _ it used to be.14. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.15. _ we need is more money.which what how What16. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is kn

16、own to us.17. _ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.thatWhenwhere用名词性从句完成下列句子。用名词性从句完成下列句子。18. The news _ _ (她通过了高考她通过了高考) is exciting.19. Mike made a promise _ _ (他将帮助我学习英语他将帮助我学习英语)that she has passed the national college entrance examination that he would help me with my English.25. One o

17、f them held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether单项选择单项选择26. The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A, why ; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that ; because27. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D

18、. when28. I have no idea _. A. how to do B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife D. how much have they earned29. I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. A. that B. this is C. it D. whats30. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of

19、in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .where31. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why32. Thats the only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what33. Information has been put forward _ mor

20、e middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as34. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether35. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions

21、need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving36. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. ( 2004春季上海春季上海 ) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 答案答案B。这是一个同位语从句。这是一个同位语从句, 解释解释promise的具体内容的具体内容, 要用要用that引导。引导。高考题

22、高考题37. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (05广东卷广东卷) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 38. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷）浙江卷） Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich 39. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operat

23、ive and eager to learn from others. (06年上海年上海 春招）春招）A. which B. that C. when D. why40. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? （05辽宁卷）辽宁卷） Athat Bwhat Cas Dwhich 41. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. ( 2002年上海年上海) A. that B. which C. of which D. w

24、hat解析解析: 答案答案A。同位语从句。同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作作a feeling的同位语，解释的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体的具体内容。内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。接作用，不作从句的任何成分。42. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.( 2001年上海年上海) A. while B.

25、 that C. when D. as解析：答案解析：答案B。That引导从句作引导从句作information的同位语，解释的同位语，解释information的具体内容。的具体内容。43. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that44. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first p

26、rize in the match. (2001上海春）上海春）A. Therethat B. Itthat C. Therewhether D. Itwhether1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：还是同位语从句： 1) The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all. 2) We were surprised by the fact _ she told us. 3) The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同同that/wh

27、ich定定that定定测试性评测试性评价价4) Word came _ our army had won the battle.5) The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war_ might last for several years.6) Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同同that同同that同同7) There is no doubt _ he has told a lie.8) You have no idea _ anxious I was!9) The coat is in the place _ you left it.10) Then arose the question about _ we were to get the machines needed.where定定where定定that同同how同同