最新外研版届高考英语一轮复习语法专题13正反解读特殊句式幻灯片.ppt
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1、专题专题1313正反解读特殊句式正反解读特殊句式 规则1:地点副词或方位副词here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off等放在句首,而主语是名词时,句子则完全倒装。但是,当主语是人称代词时,主谓语序不变。如: Out rushed the children. Away he went. 规则2:地点状语位于句首时,为了避免头重脚轻,常将谓语置于主语之前,进行完全倒装。如: South of the river lies a small factory. From the valley came a frightening sound.专题专题1313 考点
2、归纳考点归纳 规则3:such, then, now, thus, the following 位于句首,谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be时用完全倒装。如: Such are the facts. The following is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn. 规则4:there be句型中,用完全倒装。此时,结构中的be可用lie/exist/stand/live/seem 等动词替代。如: There stands an ancient tower on the top of the m
3、ountain.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:有时为了突出或强调,可用“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。如: Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 规则6:在 “sothat”和“suchthat”结构中,将“soadj./adv.”和“suchn.”提到句首时主句部分用完全倒装。如: So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.
4、 Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 2部分倒装的使用规则 构成:将情态动词、助动词、be动词提到主语前。 规则1:含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。如:few, little, never, not, no, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan, not onlybut (also), at no tim
5、e, by no means等。如:专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors. Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.(注意谓语动词的形式) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(将until后面的全部内容提前)专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则
6、2:so/as/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首。如: (1)表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物。so/asbe/助动词/情态动词主语。如: Ive got an enormous amount of work to do. So have I. (2)表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。如: If she doesnt agree to the plan, neither will Tom. (3)当前面既有肯定又有否定或两个谓语时用so it is/was with sb.,也可以用so it is / was the
7、same with sb.。如: He is a student and he doesnt go to school by bus.So it is with her.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:only修饰状语(从句),并置于句首时,后面部分要部分倒装。如: Only if he has time will he come here. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 规则4:在虚拟条件句中,从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时,可将if省略,而把were, had,
8、 should 移到句首,即Had/Were/Should主语谓语其他部分主句。如: Were he(If he were )here now, I could ask him. Should he(If he should)come, tell him to ring me up.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:as或though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装。句型是:表语/状语/动词原形as/though主语其他。如: Boy as he is, he knows a lot.(名词前不用冠词) Much as I like it, I will not buy it. Try a
9、s he might,he could not find a job.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 考点二省略句在英语中,有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复,并使上下文紧密连接,有时因为语法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构,要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略,也有句法上的省略,还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的,英语的省略大致有以下几种情况:专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则1:在某些特定的环境中,由于语言所指清楚,为了避免重复,常将谓语动词省略,留下主语和其
10、他成分;如果谓语部分全部省略,而只留下主语时,主语用宾格形式。如: Jack would go to the Expo next week. Me, too.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则2:动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。如: Did you get a ticket? No, I meant to (get one), but the
11、re werent any left. 【温馨提示】 如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have或have been。 Are you a sailor? No,but I used to be.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则3:动词不定式与 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成复合谓语时,不定式结构常可省略,但要保留to。如: I dont want to wait for him, but I have to. 规则4: Im afraid, I think, I believ
12、e, I hope, I guess等作答语,后面so与not分别表示肯定和否定,宾语从句可省略。如: Do you think it will rain? I hope not.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 规则5:当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如: When(she was)asked, she made no answer. As(he was)a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.专题专题1313 考点归纳考点归纳 考点三反意疑问句规则1:当mu
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